Yakin Ukraine: Yadda rikicin zai kara ta’azzara matsalar karancin yawan al’umma a Rasha

Kasar Rasha ta sha fama da karancin adadin haihuwa tun bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet. Yanzu kwararru na bayyana cewa yakin kasar Ukraine ya bar gwamnatin Rasha ba tare da wani zabi na rage yawan matsaloli da suka shafi yawan al'umma ba.

Bayan barkewar yaki a cikin watan Fabrairu, Stanislav ya tattara jakunkunansa ya fice daga kasar Rasha tare da iyalansa.

Sun bar iyayensu tsofaffi a gida tare da sauran kayyaki, da tufafi, da litattafai, da kayan wasan yara da asusun ajiyar bankunansu har ma da kasarsu.

Ma'auratan masu ilimi sosai da duka ke rike da manyan mukamai, sun ce sun fice daga kasar Rasha ne ba tare da niyyar sake dawowa ba.

"Ba na son ya zama ina daga cikin wadanda ke yaki a kasar Ukraine, kana ba no son in kasance a cikin kasar da ke kashe mutanen da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba," in ji Stanislav, wanda ya amince a kira shi da sunansa na farko kawai, a yayin da yake magana da BBC ya cikin kiran bidiyo daga kasar Isra'ila.

Yana fargabar cewa siyasar danniya a Rasha, wacce ya ce ta kara ta'azzara a cikin shekaru goma karkashin mulkin Vladimir Putin,na shirin kara muni.

Ya ce: "Ka yi tunanin cewa kana zaune a wani daki kana a ko wace rana bangon da rufin saman dakin na kankancewa."

"Bayan shekara guda yana kara bayyana, amma kana tunanin komai na tafiya daidai. A cikin shekaru biyar ya kara kankancewa zuwa mita daya. A cikin shekaru goma, komai ya zama karshe a gare ka."

Kaurar kwararru da dama

Tun farko fara yakin, dubban daruruwan masu ilimi da kwararru 'yan kasae Rusia irin su Stanislav da matarsa suka fice daga kasar, kamar yadda bangaren kasuwanci ya kididdige.

Was una fargabar kada a tilasta musu shiga aikin soja, amma wasu sun zabi yin kaura saboda matsyinsu na siyasa ko tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da ake fargabar zai biyo baya.

An bayyana cewa mahukunta na damuwa musamman kan mutanen da ke barin kasar daga bangaren fasahar sadarwa ta zamani, wadanda ke basirar da za su amfana wa wasu kana za su iya bauar da gudumawa mai nagarta kan tattalin arziki.

Sergei Plugotarenko, shugaban kungiyar masu harkar sadarwar kayan lataroni, ya shaida wa kwamitin majalisar dokoki a cikin watan Maris cewa ma'aikatan bangaren kayan lataroni tsakanin tsakanin 50,000 da 70,000 ne suka riga suka bar kasar Rasha tun farkon fara yakin.

Karin wasu 100,000 ka iya ficewa nan da karshan watan Aprilu, ya kara fada.

Duk da cewa was una kwatanta kwararar mutanen a wajen kasar da "kaurar kwararru", masana harkokin tantance al'umma sun bayyana cewa yana nuni kawai da kadan daga cikin yawan al'ummar kasar Rasha ne.

Amma kuma, an aminve cewa wannan ficewar ta kara haifar da matsalolin yawan al'umma da Rasha ta ke fama da su, musamman idan aka hada da mace-mace mafi muni da ak taba samu a duniya sakamakon annobar korona.

"An samu babbar matsala a tsakiyar shekarar 1990 a yayin da yawan matsalar mace-macen Soviet, wanda ya haifar da adadi mai yawa da mutuwar a kan yawan al'umma saboda yawan shan barasa, da yawan kashe kai, duka hade da matsalar tattalin arziki," Federica Cocco, wani dan jarida mai bincike a kamfanin jaridar Financial Times wanda ya rubuta wata sabuwar a kammala kan batun ya shaida wa BBC.

"Har yanzu Rash ana fama da mummunan tasirin wannan saboda, sakamakon adadin yawan wadanda suka mutu, matasa maza da mata daga sekaru 20 da 30 kadan ne yanzu a Rasua.

Baya ga haka kuma, an tilasata musu shiga aikin soja, musamman ma matasa, kuma da dama na ficewa don kauce wa matsin tattalin arziki."

Babu tantama cewa al'ummar Ukraine ne za su fuskanci babbar matsalar mamayar kasar Rasha. Dubban mutane ne da suka hada da daruruwan kananan yara aka kashe, kamar yadda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana.

A ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu ne magajin garin birnin Mariupol, wanda ya shafe makonni ana yi masa kawanya, y ace fararen hula 20,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon hare-hare da rashin samin abinci da sauran abubuwan amfani saboda yakin.

Amma masana yawan al'umma sun yi hasashen cewa tabarbarewar tattalin arziki sakamakon tashin hankalin ka iya yi mummunan tasiri kan yawan al'ummar kasar Rasha.

Raguwar alkaluman haihuwa

Adadin haihuwa ya yi kasa matuka a lokacin da tattalin arzikin kasa ya kara tabarbarewa kana ya farfado bayan ya inganta, Leslie Root, a Jami'ar Colorado-Boulder da ya kware kan al'amuran kasar Rasha da yankin Tsakiyar Asiya ya shaida wa BBC.

Root ta bayyana cewa adadin haihuwa ya yi kasa sosai a cikin shekarar 1990 bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet, amma ya karu lokacin da tattalin arziki ka farfado daga shekarar 2005.

A shekarar 2015, alkaluman haihuwa a kasar Rasha ya karu na kusan daya da digo 8 na kananan yarak an ko wace mace.

Amma ya sake yin kasa bayan sekau sakamakon takunkumin tattalin arziki bayan da Rasha ta kwace yankin Crimea a shekarar 2014.

Karbe yankin Crimea na kasar Ukarine ya kara wa Rasha sabbin yawan 'yan kasa da ka iya sake faruwa muddin dubban daruruwan mutane daga yankin Donbas na kasar Ukraine suka zama 'yan kasar Rasha.

Amma kuma Root ya ce ba lallai ba ne hakan ya shafi alkaluman yawan haihuwar.

"Tabarbarewar tattalin arziki na yin nakasu kan daukacin lafiyar yawan al'umma tare da haddasa yawan mace-mace, don haka kana da yawan al'ummar da bai wai kadan ba kawai har ma da marasa lafita,'' ta kara bayyanawa.

Mutane kadan ne ke komawa zuwa kasar Rasha

Root ta yi amman cewa tabarbarewar tattalin arziki zai haifar da karuwar shigar masu kaura zuwa cikin kasar Rasha daga yankin Tsakiyar asiya da Caucasus ta Kudu don yin aiki a kasar.

"Wannan yawan kaurar jama'a na da wani muhimmin bangare ne na bunkasar tattalin arziki da cigaban kasar Rasha. Wannan na da mummunan tasiri a tsakanin mutanen da suke cikin talauci da kuma ake nun awa wariya,'' ta ce.

Matsaloli masu alaka da tabarbarewar tattalin arzin da ta dade da suka hada da rashin aikin yi, rashin samun damar ayyuka a tsakanin matasa, da karuwar rashin daidaito, da tsadar rayuwa, da karancin karbar haraji idan aka hada da tsadar kiwon lafiya da kyautata jin dadin jama'a.

'Mawuyacin lokaci'

Karancin haihuwa a kasar Rasha ya shafe shekaru yana ci wa gwamnati tuwo a kwarya.

An sanar da sabbin matakan biyan haraji ga iyalai da fadada shirin kyautata jin dadin kananan yara kamar su abincin makaranta kyauta da cin gajiyar abubuwan da suka shafi samun kudin shiga.

Amma Ilya Kashnitsky, mataimakiyar farfesa a Cibiyar Kula da Yawan Al'umma ta a Jami'ar Southern Denmark da ke birnin Odense, na ganin cewa babu wasu zabin manufofi a yanzu wajen sauya matsalar karancin al'umma".

"Za mu iya rage kaifin matsalar, amma kuma duk abin da ke faruwa yanzu, nakan tafarkin da bai daidai ba,'' ya shaida wa BBC.

Baya ga haka kuma, cutar korona ta hallaka akalla mutane 360,000 a kasar Rasha - amma an kididdige yawan adadin wadanda suka muti a kasar zuwa miliyan daya.

Kashnitsky ya yi amanna zai shafi yawan al'ummar na nan gajeren lokaci daga yawan mace-mace, da matsin tattalin arziki, da kaurar jama'a da kuma tsadar rayuwa, wanda na tsawon lokaci zai iya taka rawa wajen kara ta'azzara karancin haihuwa.

Root ta bayyana cewa manufofin da za su karfafa guiwar mutane su kara haihuwar yar ana da sakamako daban-daban saboda '' yana da matukar wahala ka sauya alkaluman haihuwa a cikin al'umma inda zabin haihuwa ke da matukar karanci."

Shin su kuma mutanen da suka bar kasar kamar irin su Stanislav fa?

"Ni ina ganin ya kamata a kara takunkuman,'' ya ce, duk kuwa da mummunan tasirin da hakan zai yia kan sa kasancewarsa dan kasar ta Rasha.

"A shirye nake na rasa komai, da kudaden da na tara, da gidana, da kasata, koda kuwa gwamnati mai ci a yanzu za ta ruguje.