Wane zaɓi ya ragewa ɗaliban da ke karatu a Ukraine kafin yaƙi?

“Yaushe zan koma domin ƙarasa karatuna?”

A watan Satumban shekarar da ta gabata, Haifa Juma, wadda ɗaliba ce 'yar asalin kasar Tanzaniya ta sha yi wa kanta wannan tambayar.

Duk da fargabar da take, ɗalibar da ke karanta fannin lafiyar mai shekarar 23, ta yanke shawarar komawa ƙasar Ukraine da ke fama da yaƙe-yaƙe don kammala digirinta.

“Ba ni da zaɓi. Duk da cewa ina cikin fargaba, muna gani a labarai cewa har yanzu ana yaƙin. Don haka ban san abin da zan koma in samu ba.'' in ji ta.

A wannan watan ne ake cika shekara biyu da mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine.

Tun watan Fabrairun 2022, fiye da fararen hula 3,000 ne suka mutu, kamar yadda hukumar kula da 'yancin ɗan'adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana.

Yaƙin ya kuma raba miliyoyin mutane da muhallansu, inda birane da garuruwa da abubuwan more rayuwa suka wargaje.

Kamar sauran ɗaliban ƙasashen waje, Haifa ta shiga tashin hankali a lokacin farkon ɓarkewar yaƙin, inda ta gudu zuwa kan iyakar ƙasar Hungary.

Ta ɗauki watanni kafin ta gamsar da danginta a Tanzaniya su amince ta koma Ukraine.

“Na ci gaba da karatun a Tanzaniya ta intanet, kuma yanzu na kammala da fannin karatu na takarda, sai kuma na sanin makamar aiki, wanda dole sai na je makarantar'', in ji ta.

“Iyayena sun kashe min maƙudan kuɗi, domin na fara sabon karatu a wani wuri na daban, amma gaskiya ba zan iya karatu a wurin ba, don haka dole muka jira har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin''.

A yanzu Haifa shekara ta huɗu a karatun fannin lafiya da take yi a jami'ar Sumy da ke arewa maso gabashin Ukraine. A shekarar 2027 take sa ran kammala karatun domin ta zama likitar larurorin mata.

Cibiyar kula da ɗaliban ƙasashen waje ta Ukraine, ta ce ba ta da adadin alƙaluman yawan ɗaliban Afirka da suka koma karatu ƙasar.

Kafin fara yaƙin dai akwai ɗaliban Afirka kusan 16,000 da ke karatu a Ukraine.

A yanzu kuma, kusan ɗaliban Afirka 5,500 ne suka yi rajista da jami'o'in Ukraine, kamar yadda alƙaluman hukumomin ƙasar suka nuna.

Kusan 3,950 daga cikin waɗannan alƙaluma daga Moroko da Najeriya suke, yayin da mutum 49 suke daga ƙasar Tanzaniya.

“Kowane ɗalibi na da dama yankewa kansa hukuncin komawa domin ci gaba da karatu a Ukraine''.

Cibiyar kula da ɗaliban ƙasashen waje ta Ukraine, (USCIE ) ta ce yayin ya ci gaba, dole ne tsarin karatun ya sauya, ta yadda jami'o'in za su sassauta tsarin karatun ga ɗaliban nasu.

“Jami'o'in sun samar da wuraren karatu na wucin dagi a yankunan da ke da kwanciyar hankali musamman a yankunan tsakiya da yammacin ƙasar'', kamar yadda wani jami'in cibiyar USCIE ya bayyana.

Ci gaba da karatu

Ba kamar Haifa ba, komawa Ukraine ba zaɓi ba ne ga mafi yawan ɗaliban Afirka.

A lokacin da aka fara yaƙin Ukraine, kusan ɗaliban Afirka 16,000 ker karatu a jami'o'in Ukraine.

An kuma yi imanin cewa kusan ɗalibai 10,000 sun fice daga ƙasar bayan ɓarkewar yaƙin, kuma da dama daga cikinsu a yanzu ba sa son komawa ƙasar.

A yayin da wasu ɗaliban Afirka suka koma ƙasashensu na ainihi, wasu sun koma ƙasashen Turai, irin su Netherland da Portugal da Finland, inda suka ci gaba da karatun nasu.

To sai dai a yanzu bayan shekara biyu, bizar wucin gadi ta ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai da ɗaliban suka samu don ci gaba da karatu a wasu kasashen Turai ta ƙare.

Hakan na nufin daga ranar 4 ga watan Maris, ɗaliban Afirka na buƙatar samun biza a ƙasashen da suke domin ci gaba da karatunsu, kamar yadda ma'aikatar shari'ar Netherlands ta bayyana cikin wata sanarwa da ta fitar.

Wannan labari bai yi wa Aisha dadi ba, wadda ke cikin ɗalibai 17 da Ukraine ta cimma yarjejeniya da Netherlands don su ci gaba da karatu a jami'o'in ƙasar.

Dalibar mai shekara 25 da ke karanta fannin lafiya, ta ce tana zangon ƙarshe na karatuna.

Idan ba a bai wa Aisha biza ba, sai dai ta koma Najeriya inda ta ce ba za ta iya ci gaba da karatunta na digira ba a ƙasar.

Aisha ta ce tana cikin hatsarin asarar komai nata, saboda komawa ƙasar Ukraine da ke cikin yaƙi ba mafita ba ce a gare ta.

“Ina kuke so mu je? Ba za ku ce mana mu koma Ukraine ba inda ake ci gaba da kashe mutane'' in ji Aisha wanda ba shi ne sunanta na ainihi ba.

Ma'aikatar shari'ar Netherlands da jami'an tsaro sun ce ɗalibai irin su Aisha na da kwanaki 28 bayan wa'adin watan Maris na ficewa daga ƙasar.

Derdelanders, wata ƙungiya ce a Netherlands da ke rajin kare 'yancin ɗaliban Ukraine da suka koma Turai bisa yarjejeniya, ƙungiyar na kira ne da a bar ɗaliban su ƙarasa karatunsu a ƙasashen Turan.

“Ya kamata a bai wa waɗannan ɗalibai 'yancinsu na kammala karatunsu, ya kamata a mutunta su a matsayinsu na 'yan'adam ba tare da la'akari da ƙasashen da suka fito ba'', kamar yadda shugaban ƙungiyar, Isaac Awodola ya bayyana.

“Ba magana ce ta sun zo daga wasu ƙasashe ba, waɗannan mutane sun fuskanci wahalwahu kafin su fice daga Ukraine.”

Ya kamata a bai waɗannan ɗalibai na Ukraine su kusan 400 damar kammala karatunsu a Netherlands har zuwa watan Maris ɗin 2025.

To sai dai wasu ƙasashen Afirka sun yi ƙoƙarin magance wa kansu wannnan matsala, inda suka shirya wa ɗalibansu ci gaba da karatu a wasu ƙasashen na daban.

Alal Misali, Ghana ta amince da mayar da ɗalibanta na fannin lafiya zuwa ƙasar Grenada domin kammala digirinsu.

Ƙasar ta amince da ƙulla wannan yarjejeniyar bayan ɓarkewar yakin ƙasar, inda kusan ɗaliban fannin lafiya kimanin 200 suka ci gajiyar yarjejeniyar.

Ƙasar Hungary na daga cikin ƙasashen da suka karɓi ɗaliban Ghana da suka tsere daga Ukraine.