Wane ne ya ƙirƙiro shekarar Musulunci?

Ranar Talatar nan ɗaya ga watan Muharram a jerin watannin Musulunci 12 da ke amfani da yanayin tafiyar wata, inda watanninta da ke cikinta ke farawa suke kuma ƙarewa daidai da yanayin ɓullowa da kuma ɓacewar wata.

Fadar Sarkin Musulmi a Najeriya Mai Alfarma Sa'ad Abubakar III ta bayyana Talata a matsayin ranar 1 ga watan na Muharram - wadda ta yi daidai da 16 ga watan Yunin 2026 - da kuma sabuwar shekarar Musulunci ta 1448 bayan Hijirar Annabi Muhammadu SAW daga Makka zuwa Madina.

Ita ma Saudiyya ta ce Talata ce 1 ga sabuwar shekara saboda rashin ganin jaririn watan Muharram a ƙasar.

A wasu jihohin Najeriya da wasu sassan Afirka, hukumomi kan ayyana ranar 1 ga watan Muharram a matsayin ranar hutu domin murna da kuma gudanar da bukukuwan shigar sabuwar shekara.

To amma abin da jama'a da dama ke neman sani shi ne yasueh aka fara amfani da shekarar ta Musulunci sannan wane ne ya ƙirƙiro ta?

Mece ce ma'anar Muharram?

A shekarun baya BBC ta tuntuɓi Sheikh Ibrahim Disina dangane da ama'anar kalmar Muharram inda ya ce "kalmar 'Muharram' wadda Larabci ce, na nufin wani abu mai tsarki ko kuma wanda aka tsarkake."

Saboda haka idan aka haɗa kalmar Muharram da kalmar 'shahru' - wato wata da Hausa - tana nufin wata mai tsarki.

Malamai sun ce Allah da kansa ya jingina wa kansa sunan watan a wani hadisi.

Watan Muharram na kamawa ne da zarar an yi sallar layya a ko kuma Idin Babbar Sallah a watan Zul-Hijja, inda Musulmai ke yanka dabbobi irin su raguna da shanu da raƙuma domin ci da kuma taimaka wa mabuƙata.

Yadda Khalipha Umar ya ƙirƙiro shekarar Musulunci

Sheikh Hussaini Zakariyya, malamin addinin Musulunci a Abuja, ya ce an ƙirƙiro kalandar Musulunci ne a hukumance a zamanin Khalifa Umar bn Khattab, inda aka ɗora kwanakin watan bisa hijirar Annabi SAW a shekara ta 622 miladiyya a matsayin farkon shekarar Musulunci.

Malamin ya ce kafin dai ƙirƙirar kalandar hijira, a kan yi amfani da watanni ne kawai ba tare da an nuna shekarar ba.

"An kuma ci gaba da amfani da wannan hanyar ta rubuta ranakun har zuwa lokacin da Umar (RA) ya samu takarda daga gwamnan Basra, Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (RA) wanda ya yi ƙorafi kan wahalar da suke fuskanta wajen tantance asalin kwanan wata," in ji Sheikh Zakariyya.

Hakan ne kuma ya sa Khalipha Umar (RA) ya ƙaddamar da kwamitin sahabai domin a tsayarda asalin lokacin da kalandar musulunci za ta fara.

''Musulmi ba su fara amfani da kwanan wata ba sai lokacin Sayyidina Umar, lokacin hijira tana da shekara 17, saboda a lokacin Musulunci ya yadu zuwa sassa daban-daban na duniya.

Kuma ana samun ƙorafi kan yadda ba a iya fayyace asalin shekara da abubuwa suka wakana kuma akwai bukatar a samu ainihin kalandar da ƙasar al'ummar Musulmi za ta iya jingina al'amuranta a kai,'' in ji shi

Mahawara da sahabbai suka tafka

Sheikh Zakariyya ya ƙara da cewa sahabbai sun amince da amfani da lokacin hijira a matsayin farkon kalandar Musulunci bayan an tafka mahawara kan lokuta masu muhimmanci a tarhin addin Musulunci.

"Sahabbai sun tafka muhawara sosai kan abubuwan da suka shafi addinin Musulunci da suka haɗa da ranar da aka haifi annabi Muhammadu (SAW), da ranar da aiko masa da wahayi, amma rashin sanin asalin ranakun da wadannan abubuwa suka faru ya sanya aka gujewa amfani da su," in ji Sheikh Zakariyya.

Daga baya dai an amince da lokacin hijira ne sakamakon cewa an san takamaimai lokacin da ta gudana da kuma kusan duka abubuwan da suka faru bayan hijirar.

''Sayyidina Umar shi ne ya kira manyan sahabai da suka haɗa da su Sayyidina Uthman, da Sayyidina Ali, da Abdulrahmana bin Awf, da sauransu, su ne waɗanda suka fi kowa zama da manzon Allah saboda haka su ne suka bayar da shawarar yadda za a fara amfani da kwanan watan''.

''Abu ne wanda yake da muhimmanci sosai, saboda ya taimaka wa Musuluci wurin tsara tarihinsa, saboda kusan duk abin da ya faru a addinin Musulunci tun lokacin da manzon Allah ya yi hijira har yanzu, kowane abu akwai tarihinsa.''

Muhimmancin watan Muharram

Kasancewarsa wata na farko a kalandar Musulunci, ana kallon watan Muharram a matsayin wata alama ta mafarin sababbin abubuwa a sabuwar shekara.

Fitaccen malamin addini Sheikh Dr. Ibrahim Disina ya faɗa wa BBC Hausa cewa Muharram ɗaya ne cikin wata huɗu da suka fi alfarma (daraja) a shekarar Musulunci.

"Cikin huɗun ma shi ne [Muharram] ya fi su falala da matsayi kamar yadda ibn Rajab ya ambata," a cewar Malam Disina.

Ya ƙara da cewa shi ne wata ɗaya cikin watannin shekara guda 12 wanda Allah ya danganta shi zuwa gare shi a cikin Hadisi.

"Manzon Allah SAW ya faɗa da kansa cewa: Shaharullahlil Muharram [Watan Allah mai alfarma]."

Watannin Musulunci

Ana amfani da kalandar hijira don tantance ranakun wasu muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Musulunci da kuma ranaku kamar farkon watan Ramadan da Eid al-Fitr da Eid Al-Adha da farkon lokacin hajji.

Shekarar hijira ta ƙunshi watanni 12: