Harbi a kai da ƙirji: Bincike kan yadda aka riƙa kashe yara a Gaza

GARGAƊI: Wannan labari na ƙunshe da bayanai kan kisan yara da hotunan raunuka - wasu masu muni - wanɗanda za su iya tayar da hankalin mai karatu.

Gawar wata ƙaramar yarinya yashe a kan wani titi da ke Gaza. Ƙafafunta sun lanƙwashe sannan kanta ya karkace gefe ɗaya, tamkar tana bacci.

Ga wani mutum kwance gefenta. Ya yi ƙoƙarin kamo ta, hannunsa na taɓa wani ɓari na jikinta da ƙyar, kafin daga bisani hannun nasa ya faɗi ƙasa, lokacin da ransa ke fita.

An nuna wannan bidiyo a kafar talabijin ta Al Araby TV da ke ƙasar Qatar a wajajen ƙarshen watan Disamban 2023. Rahoton ya ce ƙwararrun masu harba bindiga na Isra'ila ne suka harbe mutumin da yarinyar.

Babu ƙarin bayani kan yadda abin ya faru da kuma ko su wane ne aka kashen.

Wani bincike da BBC ta gudanar ya gano cewa mutumin shi ne Mohamed al-Majdalawi, yarinyar kuma ɗiyarsa ce ƴar shekara biyu mai suna Layan. Dukkaninsu biyun sun rasu a wannan ranar kuma a kan wannan titin.

BBC ta tattaro bayani kan Layan da kuma yara fiye da 160 da aka harba a yaƙin na Gaza tun bayan ɓarkewarsa a watan Oktoban 2023 zuwa watan Yulin wannan shekara.

Isra'ila ta haramta wa ƴan jarida shiga Gaza a kan ƙashin knsu, sannan kuma hare-hare da rushe-rushe da tarwatsa mutane da ake yi ya sa lamurra ba su da sauƙi.

Dangane da batun Layan da mahaifinta, tsokacin da mutane suka riƙa yi a ƙarƙashin bidiyon da aka wallafa a shafukan sada zumunta ne ya ba mu damar gane inda aka ɗauki bidiyon da gano waɗanda ke cikin bidiyon sannan muka samu ganin takardar shaidar mutuwarsu.

Mun kwashe tsawon watanni watanni muna neman danginsu, inda daga bisani muka iya yin magana da mahaifiyar Layan, wato Soraya, da kuma yayyinta biyu, mace da namiji, wato Aboud da kuma Shahd.

Mun samu nasraar haka ne a lokacin tsagaita wuta da aka yi cikin watan Fabarairun 2025, lokacin da mutane suka samu sawar zirga-zirga.

Sun bayyana mana abin da ya faru a ranar.

Iyalin sun bayyana mana cewa da tsakar ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamban 2023 sun fita daga wata makaranta da ke sansanin al-Shati inda suke samun mafaka, bayan sojojin Isra'ila sun umarce su da ficewa daga wurin.

Sun ce bayan fitowa daga makarantar sun nufi kudu, daga nan sai suka yi gabas zuwa kan titin Hamid Street, inda suka wuce wani mutum wanda ya shaida musu cewa hanyar na da hadari.

Shahd, wadda ke da shekara 12 a lokacin, ta shaida wa BBC cewa babu alamun wani tashin hankali a wajen, a lokacin.

Ta ce "muna ta tafiya a tare, muna tafiya a gaban mahaifinmu, shi kuma yana yi wa Layan waƙa, yana wasa da ita."

Bayan sun wuce wani titi ta ɓangaren hagu Shahd ta ce sai suka hango tankar yaƙi, sai suka fara gudu.

Ta ce mahaifinsu na baya yana gudu, amma ba ya iya yin gudu sosai saboda yana ɗauke da Layan.

"Da muka juya baya sai kawai muka gan shi shimfide a ƙasa," in ji Shahd.

Shahd ta ƙara da cewa ita da ɗan'uwanta sun koma domin su taimaka wa mahaifinsau sai suka ga an harbe shi.

"Na yi ƙoƙarin kai hannuna kan ƙanwata domin na riƙo ta, sai aka harbe ni a hannu," in ji Shahd.

Ta ce sai mahaifinta ya ce mata da ƙarfi: "Ki tafi ki bar ni!"

Daga nan sai Shahd da ɗan'uwanta da mahaifiyarsu suka gudu suka bar wurin. Daga nan ba su ƙara ganin mahaifinsu da ƴar'uwarsu ba.

BBC ta samu wani hoton tauraron ɗan'adam da aka ɗauka da misalin ƙarfe 10:30 (08:30GMT) na safiya a inda lamarin ya faru, kimanin sa'a biyu kafin faruwar lamarin. Ba mu da izinin wallafa hoton, saboda haka muka zana wani hoton kwatankwacinsa.

Hoton ya nuna kasancewar sojojin Isra'ila a nisan mita 280 arewa da inda iyalin suke, da kuma wata tankar yaƙi a kan titin, daidai inda Shahd ta ce ta ga tankar yaƙi.

Wani mai nazari kan ayyukan soji a cibiyar nazarin bayanin sirri ta McKenzie da ke London, Stuart Ray ya yi nazari kan hoton inda ya sannan ya gano cewa akwai tankar yaƙi da motoci masu sulke da kuma shingen kariya na yashi.

Ya gano cewa gini mafi tsawo a unguwar na a wurin ne, wanda hakan, a cewarsa, na nuna cewa akwai dakarun rundunar Isra'ila jibge a wurin, kamar wani sansanin soji ne.

Akwai bidiyoyi uku na Mohamed da Layan da kafar talabijin ta Al Araby TV ta nuna.

Mun nuna wa wasu ƙwararrun masu bincike kan ƙwaƙulo hujjoji ta amfani da halittar dan'adam, wadanda suka gwanance wajen abubuwan da suka shafi samun raunuka a lokacin yaki.

Dukkaninsu sun ce alamun sun tabbatar da cewa an kashe Mohamed da Layan ne ta hanyar harbin bindiga.

Farfesa Derrick Pounder, tsohon shugaban sashen binciken sinadaran halittar ɗan'adam a Jami'ar Dundee, ya ce yanayin yadda aka ga gawarwakin na nuna cewa Mohamed - ɗauke da Layan - ya faɗi ne, babu alamar cewa wani abu ne ya hankaɗa shi, kamar idan an samu fashewar wani abu.

Haka nan ya lura cewa babu raunuka da yawa a jikin Mohamed: "Muna magana ne a kan wani rauni ƙarami a jikin mutum, saboda haka harbin bindiga ne kawai zai iya zama haka.

"Harbin bindiga sojoji na haifar da ƙaramin rami ne ta inda harsashi ya shiga jiki, daga nan sai haifar da gagarumar ɓarna a cikin jiki," in ji shi.

Mun gabatar da waɗannan bayanai ga rundunar sojin Isra'ila. Sai suka ce: "Sojojin IDF na yaƙi ne da ƙungiyar ƴan ta'adda a manyan garuruwa masu sarƙakiya, saboda haka tsautsayi zai iya fadawa kan waɗanda ba su aka nufa ba a yaƙin."

Ta ƙara da cewa: "A duk lokacin da ake da wasu zarge-zarge masu ƙarfi kan cewa sojojin IDF sun karya ƙa'idar aiki ko umarnin da aka ba su, za a yi nazari kan lamarin kuma za a ɗauki abin da muhimmanci sosai."

Ta kuma ce "an ɗauki waɗannan bayanai kuma hukumomin da suka dace za su yi nazari kan shi".

A wani harbin da BBC ta yi nazari a kai, an harbi wata yarinya ƴar shekara shida, Mira Tanboura, ta bayan ƙirjinta, kamar yadda mahaifinta Saeed ya bayyana. Ya ce lamarin ya faru ne a ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamban 2023, kusa da wani wurin binciken ababen hawa na sojin Isra'ila a kan titin Salah al-Din, a kudu maso yammacin Birnin Gaza.

Titin Salah al-Din shi ne babban titin da ya tashi daga arewaci zuwa kudancin Gaza, kuma sojojin Ira'ila ne suka tsara shi a haka domin ya kasance hanyar ficewar fararen hula daga arewaci.

Kafin abin ya faru a ranar, Saeed ya ce an tantance su a wurin binciken bayan baro arewacin Gaza.

Ya ce kimanin kilomita ɗaya bayan wuce wurin binciken, yana cikin magana da wani direban bas yayin da Mira da sauran ƴan'uwansa ke tsaye ƴan mitoci kadan daga inda yake.

"Na juya kawai, sai na ga wani gwanin harbi ya harbi ƴata Mira a kan zuciyarta," in ji Saeed. Ya ce "na tabbatar ƙwararren mai harbi ne domin harbi ɗaya ya yi ya same ta a zuciyarta.

"Jini ya riƙa fita ta hancinta da bakinta."

Saeed ya ce ya garzaya da ƴar tasa zuwa asibitin al-Awda da ke Deir al Balah, inda aka tabbatar da cewa ta mutu.

BBC ta ga hoton yadda aka nannaɗe gawar Mira a cikin likkafani, inda aka buɗe fuskarta, kuma ana ganin alamar jini a ƙirjinta.

Wani hoton tauraron ɗan'adam na ranar ya nuna wata cibiyar binciken ababen hawa ta sojojin Isra'ila a wurin. Haka nan wani bidiyo da rundunar ta IDF ta wallafa a intanet kwanaki kadan kafin ranar ya tabbatar da cewa sun kasance a wurin.

Mai ɗaukar bidiyo na BBC, Jehad El-Mashhrawi ya bi ta wannan wurin binciken ababen hawa tare da iyalansa, kwana biyu kafin ranar.

A kusa da wurin binciken, ya ce ya ga "sojoji a kan tuddan yashi da kuma a cikin gidajen da aka lalata, ko dai suna zaune ko kuma sun yi ruf da ciki riƙe da makamansu a cikin shirin harbi."

Ya ce ya ga gwanayen harbi (Snipers) da wasu sojojin kimanin nisan kilomita ɗaya zuwa biyu daga wurin binciken, a gabas daga titi, su ma wasu a cikin gine-ginen da aka lalata wasu kuma a bayan tuddan yashi da aka tara.

Saeed ya sake komawa wurin a lokacin da aka tsagaita wuta, domin gane wa BBC halin da ake ciki. Ya ce a lokacin da aka harbi Mira, ya ga sojojin Isra'ila a gabas da titin: "sun saiti bindigarsu a kanmu."

Ya nuna ta ɓangaren da yake tunanin harbin ya fito. Hoton tauraron ɗan'adam ya nuna cewa akwai wani wuri da aka tara yashi ta ɓangaren.

A lokacin da aka harbi Mira, ba mu gano cewa akwai wani rahoto na artabu tsakanin Isra'ila da Hamas ba a wurin binciken ababen hawan, wanda hakan ke nufin zai yi wahala a ce harbe-harbe ne ya rutsa da ita.

"Sojoji [na Isra'ila] sun shaida mana cewa sun samar da wata hanya mai aminci, wato titin Salah al-Din," in ji mahaifin Mira. "Bayan kun sa mun hau kan titin Salah al-Din, sai kuka kashe yarinyar da ba ta san komai ba."

Lokacin da muka gabatar wa rundunar sojin Isra'ila ta IDF wannan bayani, sai suka ce: "Zargin cutarwa, kawai, ba ya nufin tabbas an karya doka."

Amma a kan batun Layan, sun ce ne "hukumomin da suka cancanta za su binciki" bayanin da aka miƙa musu.

Likitoci sun sha nuna damuwa kan yaran da ake harbewa a Gaza tun daga farkon yaƙin. Domin haɗa wannan rahoto, BBC ta yi magana da likitoci 30 da kuma malaman jinya da nazari kan ɗaruruwan hotuna da bidiyoyi, da hoton sassan jiki na asibiti, da bayanan likitoci da kuma wasu da aka wallafa a maƙalu.

"Mun ga lokuta da dama da aka harbe wasu, ko dai harsashi ya same su a kai ko a ƙirji, cikin su har da yara," in ji Farfesa Nizam Mamode, wani babban likita na ma'aikatar lafiya ta Birtaniya wanda ya yi ritaya, wanda ya kasance a Gaza na tsawon wata ɗaya a cikin watan Agustan 2024.

Ya ce likitocin ƙwaƙwalwa ne suka riƙa kula da yawancin raunukan da aka samu a kai, amma hotunan sassan jiki sun nuna cewa "akwai harsashi har a cikin kwanyar yaro ɗan shekara uku".

Ya ce ya manta iyakan yaran da ya gani ɗauke da raunin bindiga, amma ya ce yana ganin za su fi 20.

Mun kuma tattaro bayani daga waɗanda aka yi abubuwan a gabansu da kuma iyalan waɗanda aka kashe - wasunsu ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama - da kuma rahotannin kafafen yaɗa labaru da aka samo kuma aka tantance.

Daga wannan bayani ne muka tattara bayanan yara 168 waɗanda aka harba da bindiga, kuma kowannensu sai da muka ga bayanin da aka rubuta game da raunin da ya samu.

Akwai lokuta 95 da aka harbi yara a kai ko kuma a ƙirji - kuma daga cikin waɗannan, guda 67 yara ne ƴan ƙasa da shekara 12.

A cikin waɗannan, lokuta 59 da aka harbi yara a kai ko kuma ƙirji, mun samu labarin yadda abin ya faru daga bakin waɗanda aka yi a gabansu - ko dai kai-tsaye ko ta hannun likitoci ko kuma masu bincike na ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama

A lokuta 57, an yi zargin cewa sojojin Isra'ila ne suka harbi yaran.

Sauran biyun kuma an yi zargin cewa Falasɗinawa ne suka harbe su - ɗaya a lokacin da ake harba bindiga saboda murna ɗaya kuma lokacin da ake faɗa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi.

A sauran guda 36 ba mu da cikakken bayani kan abinda ya faru. Kasancewar ba mu da ikon shiga Gaza domin dauko rahoto, tattara bayani kan kowanne yaro abu ne mai matuƙar wahala.

"Duniya ba za ta lamunci irin wannan yaƙi ba, wannan illa da ake yi wa yara," in ji Mathew Morris na ƙungiyar agaji ta Red Cross.

"An kashe yara da illata su a gidajensu, ko da suna rayuwa ne a bukkoki ko kuma suna tafiya a kan titi."

Duk da ba mu da hujja kan aniyar da aka yi amfani da ita, batun kisan Mira da Layan ya ɗora ayar tambaya kan yadda sojojin IDF na Isra'ila ke gudanar da ayyukansu a Gaza.

A wannan mako, ƙungiyar kare hakkin ɗan'adam ta Isra'ila B'tselem ta bayar da rahoton yadda babu wata ƙa'ida da aka shimfiɗa kan ayyukan sojojin Isra'ila a Gaza.

Wani soja, wanda za mu kira shi da K, ya kasance sojan Isra'ila na ko-ta-kwana a Gaza a farkon shekarar 2024.

K ya bayyana lokuta huɗu da rundunarsa ta buɗe wuta kan mutanen da ba su ɗauke da makamai, cikinsu har da yara .

Ya ce a game da titin da ya tashi daga arewaci zuwa kudanci "dokar" ita ce "hanya ce ta mun-tsira kuma babu harbi".

"Duk wanda aka gani ba a kan hanyar ba, a harbe shi, a harbe shi ya mutu," in ji shi. Abin da aka faɗa mana ke nan.

"Kwamandanmu ya ƙara da cewa, idan mace ce ko yaro, kada a yi harbi, a yi ƙoƙarin tsare su. Kada ku zama sakarkaru."

Sai dai ya ce yayin da tafiya ta yi tafiya, lokacin da tawagar tasu ta rasa wasu sojoji a yaƙin da ake yi, sai abubuwa suka ƙara tsauri: "Sai ya zamo...a lalata komai kawai, a kashe duk wanda aka gani."

Mun nuna wa masana harkar yaƙi da dokokin yaƙi bayanan da muka tattaro kan Layan da Mira, da kuma taƙaitaccen bayani kan sauran.

Sun ce wannan ya sanya alamar tambaya kan ko an yi abin ne sakaci ko kuma an yi ne da gangan.

"A ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa, sojoji na da nauyin da ya rataya a wuyansu na dubawa da kyau kafin yin harbi, domin tabbatar da cewa abokin gaba wanda yake ɗauke da makami ne za su harba, ba farar hula ba," kamar yadda suka bayyana.

Wani mai nazari kan harkar soji, West Bryant, wanda ya yi aiki a wasu yaƙe-yaƙen Amurka na musamman ya shawarci hukumar tsaro ta Amurka kan kare fararen hula.

"Idan aka harbi yara da yawa , musamman a kai, wannan na nuna mana cewa akwai babbar matsala."

Janina Dill, wadda farfesa ce kan dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa a Jami'ar Oxford idan ana son yanke hukunci ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa "yana da wahala a cimma matsaya takamaimiya daga nesa, lokacin da ba ka da duk shaidun da ake buƙata."

"A wannan yanayi shaidun na nuni da cewa akwai mummunan karya doka, wata ƙila ma laifin yaƙi. Ba abu ne da aka cika samu ba," in ji ta.

Lokacin da aka tambayi rundunar sojin Isra'ila ta IDF game da abubuwan da sojojinta ke aikatawa, sai suka ce: "Cutar da fararen hula, da kuma musamman yara, abu ne da aka haramta, kuma ya ci karo da dokokin duniya da kuma umarnin da IDF ke bayarwa."

Ta ƙara da cewa Hamas "na amfani da al'umma fararen hula - musamman mata da yara - a matsayin mafaka".

Ta ce a lokutan da aka samu zarge-zargen kauce wa umarnin IDF da manufofinta, idan har ya dace, sashen bincike na sojoji masu tabbatar da ɗa'a za su yi bincike a kai.

Daga cikin harbe-harben mutane 168 da muka yi nazari a kai, mun gane cewa aƙalla yara 90 sun mutu. Sanadiyyar lalata cibiyoyin lafiya na Gaza, yana da wahala a gane waɗanda suka mutu sanadiyyar raunukan da suka samu.

Ma'aikatar lafiya da ke ƙarƙashin Hamas ta ce aƙalla mutum 50,000 ne aka kashe ko kuma aka raunata a Gaza daga farkon yaƙin.

Isra'ila ta ƙaddamar da yaƙi a Gaza ne a matsayin martani kan yadda mayaƙan Hamas suka tallaka kan iyaka a ranar 7 ga watan Oktoban 2023 suka kai hari, wanda a sandiyyar sa aka kashe mutane kimanin 1,200 tare da yin garkuwa da guda 251.

Iyalan da suka yi magana a cikin wannan rahoto sun ce ba su da wani ƙwarin gwiwar samun adalci kan kisan yaransu, wasu ma ba su samu damar binne gawarwakin ƴan'uwan nasu ba.

Gawarwakin Layan da Mohammed sun ksance yashe a kan titin Hamid Street na tsawon kwanaki. Bayan mako biyu da faruwar lamarin, sa'ilin tsagaita wuta na wani taƙaitaccen lokaci, maƙwafta sun binne gawarwakin.

Sannan in ban da mun tuntuɓe su, kimanin shekara ɗaya bayan faruwar lamarin - iyalan nasu ba taɓa sanin cewa akwai bidiyon lokacin da aka kshe su ɗin ba.

Ƙarin bayani daga Shaina Oppenheimer