Meteorite amahanga yimvye imanga mu ntebe y'ibahari hanyuma ikabiza amazi y'ibiyaga vy'Isi

Meteorite amahanga (Meteorite: ikibuye gikorokera kw'isi kivuye mu kirere) yatowe ubwa mbere mu 2014 yateye tsunami (imipfunda mire mire cane ishobora guterwa n'cituye mu mazi n'inguvu canke nyamugigima/umutingito) ya mbere nini kuruta izindi zose zizwi muri kahise k'abantu yongera ituma amazi y'ibiyaga abira, nk'uko vyemezwa n'abahinga baherutse kubitora.

Ico kibuye co mu kirere, caruta ubunini incuro 200 icahoneje ama dinosaure (ibikoko vyari ivya mbere mu bunini kw'isi), cakorokeye kw'isi igihe uno mubumbe wacu wari ukiri mu myaka yawo ya mbere (yogereranywa no mu bwana bwawo) haraheze imyaka miriyaridi zitatu (imyaka 3.000.000.000).

Bitwaje inyundo zo kumena amabuye, abahinga buriye umusozi kuraba ikibanza c'ahabaye ingaruka zavuye kw'ikoroka ry'ico kibuye muri Afrika y'Epfo kugira bamene baronke ibimanyu baja kwiga kugira batahure ivyabaye ico kibuye kimaze kwikubita hasi.

Abo bahinga batoye kandi ivyerekana ko ingaruka z'ikoroka ry'ivyo bibuye bivuye mu kirere kutabaye ugusambura gusa kw'Isi - zarafashije kugira ubuzima butotahare.

“Turazi ko igihe isi yari ihejeje kwibumba hari hakiri ibimanyu vyinshi vyari bikiguruka mu kirere vyaja birakorokera kw'Isi”, bivugwa n'umwigisha Prof Nadja Drabon wo kuri kaminuza ya Harvard, umwanditsi mukuru w'ubwo bushakashatsi bushasha.

Yongerako ati: “Ariko ubu twatoye ko ubuzima bwagumye bwifashe n'igihe haba habaye ingaruka zitewe n'ivyo bibuye amahanga, kandi mbere ko bwateye imbere bugatotahara”.

Iyo meteorite yiswe S2 yari nini cane kurusha ikibuye co mu kirere dusanzwe tumenyereye, ca kindi catuma ama dinosaure ahona, haraheze imyaka miriyoni 66 cangana na 10km mu bwaguke, ni ukuvuga hafi uburebure bw'umusozi Everest.

Ariko S2 yari ifise ubwaguke buri hagati ya 40-60km n'uburemere incuro 50-200 gusumba.

Yakorotse igihe Isi yari ikiri mu myaka yayo ya mbere kandi itari bwa mere nk'uko tuyizi ubu. Ahanini yari ikiri isi y'amazi, aho imigabane imwe imwe gusa ari yo yari imaze gututuza [gusokoroka hejuru y'amazi].

Ubuzima bwari bukiri ubw'ibanze cane - utunyabuzima tugizwe n'akaremangingo kamwe (microoranismes unicellulaires/single cell microorganims).

Aho ico kibuye caguye i Eastern Barberton Greenbelt ni kimwe mu bibanza vya kera cane kw'Isi hakiri ibisigarira vy'ikoroka ry'iyo meteorite.

Prof Drabon be na bagenziwe bagiye aho hantu incuro zitatu, bashika kure hashoboka mu misozi ya kure n'imodoka imbere y'uko ahasigaye bahagenda n'amaguru bahetse amasakoshi.

Abacungera ico kibanza barabaherekeje bafise inkoho kugira babakingire ibikoko vyo mw'ihamba nk'inzovu canke rhinoceros, canke mbere n'abahiga ibikoko [mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko] muri urwo ruhongore kama.

Bariko bararondera utuvunguka twa spherule, canke utumanyu duto duto tw'ibuye, twasigaye aho ico kibuye caguye. Bakoresheje inyundo zo kumena amabuye, begeranije ibiro amajana vy'ibimanyu vy'amabuye baca babijana [muri laboratwari] kuvyiga.

Prof Drabon niwe yatwaye ibimanyu vy'agaciro kurusha ibindi mw'isakoshi yiwe.

''Abajejwe umutekano barakunda kumpagarika, ariko ngaca ndababwira ingene ubumenyi buryoshe cane hanyuma bikabarambira bakandeka nkabandanya'', niko avuga.

Abo bahinga ubu baraterateranije ico ico kibuye meteorite (ico kibuye) S2 cateye igihe cagwa kw'Isi. Cimvye imanga ya 500km gica kimishurira mu kirere amabuye ku muvuduko munini cane aca agira igipfungu caciye gitwikira isi yose.

Ibaze nk'igicu c'imvura, ariko aho kuba amama y'imvura akoroka, hakagwa amama y'ibibuye vyashonze,'' niko Prof Drabon avuga.

Tsunami nini cane yari gushwara isi, ikamena intebe y'amabahari, inkengera zigaterwa n'imyuzure.

Tsunami yo mu 2004 mw'ibahari Indiano yoba ataco yari ivuze uyigereranije na yo, nk'uko Prof Drabon yibaza.

Izo nguvu zose zoba zavuyemwo ubushuhe bwinshi cane bwabijije amazi y'ibiyaga bugatuma mu kirere haduga umuhisha w'amazi mwinshi cane. Vyoba vyatumye kandi ubushuhe bwo mu kirere buduga gushika kuri 100C (degre celcius 100).

Ijuru ryoba ryaciye ryirabura, ryuzura umukungugu n'utuvunjivunji.

Ata muco w'izibuba ushobora guca muri uwo mwijima, ibinyabuzima ku butaka canke mu mazi ya hagufi (utibiye cane) bihingura ibibitunga bikoresheje umuco w'izuba woba waciye utikira.

Ivyabaye aho ico kibuye caguye bisa n'ivyo abahinga babonye ahandi haguye meteorite nini kandi bisa n'ivyo bari bariketse kuri S2.

Ariko ivyo Prof Drabon na bagenziwe batoye mu nyuma vyari bitangaje. Bihweje ico kibuye babonye ko ifurufumbi yatewe n'ikoroka ryaco yatumye ingaburo canke ivyunyunyu nka phosphore na fer bikwira irya n'ino, navyo bikaba ari vyo vyagaburira ibinyabuzima.

''Ubuzima ntibwabandanije gusa, ahubwo bwaciye bwivyukiranya vuba mbere buranatotahara,'' niko avuga.

''Ni nk'iyo wiyugumuye mu gitondo. Birica udukuko tuba mw'ishinyo (bacteries) ku rugero rwa 99.9%, ariko hagera ku mugoroba twagarutse, si vyo?'' niko avuga.

Ibiherutse gutorwa vyerekana ko ingaruka zikomeye z'ikoroka ry'ico kibuye zabaye nko gukwiragiza intabire (ifumbire), gukwiragiza ivya ngombwa ubuzima bukeneye, vyongera inguvu utunyabuzima twatanguye kubaho.

Ivyatowe bikomeza ukwibaza kwari kuhasanzwe mu bahinga ko ubuzima bwa mbere ahubwo bwafashijwe n'urukurirane rw'ibibuye vyagiye birakorokera kw'Isi mu myaka ya mbere yayo, nk'uko Prof Drabon avuga.

''Bisa n'uko ubuzima inyuma y'aho ivyo bibuye bikorokeye kw'isi bwaharonkeye ibibutuma gutotahara,'' nk'uko asigura.

Ivyo batoye vyasohotse mu kinyamakuru c'ubumenyi PNAS.