Armenia-Azerbaijan: Mene ne musabbain rikicin Armenia da Azerbaijan?

Faɗa ya sake ɓarkewa tsakanin Armenia da Aserbaijan, tsoffin ƙasashe biyu na tarayyar Soviet a yankin Caucasus.

Tushen rikicin da aka daɗe ana yi shi ne yankin Nagorno-Karabakh. An san yankin a wani ɓangare na Azerbaijan amma yankin na ƙarƙashin ƙabilun Armenia.

Kasashen sun yi yaƙi a kan yankin a ƙarshen shekarun 1980s da kuma farkon shekarun 1990s. Duk da cewa sun ayyana tsagaita wuta, amma ba su taɓa cimma yarjejeniya ba.

Labarin a taƙaice

Yankin Nagorno-Karabakh ɓangare ne na Azerbaijan amma al'ummarsa akasarinsu ƴan Armenia ne. Yayin da tarayyar Soviet ta durƙushe a shekarun 1980, Nagorno-Karabakh ya jefa ƙuri'ar zama wani yanki na Armenia - lamarin da ya janyo yaƙi da aka kawo ƙarshensa ta hanyar tsagaita wuta a shekarar 1994.

Tun daga lokacin, Nagorno-Karabakh ya ci gaba da zama yanki a Azerbaijan amma yake ƙarƙashin ikon Armeniyawa bisa goyon bayan gwamnatin Armenia.

Tattaunawa ta tsawon shekaru da ƙasashen duniya suka shiga tsakani bai sa an cimma wata yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ba.

Akasarin al'ummar Armenia Kirista ne yayin da Musulmai ne suka fi yawa a yankin Azerbaijan mai arzikin mai. Turkiyya na da alaƙa ta kusa-kusa da Azerbaijan yayin da Rasha kuma take ƙawance da Armenia - duk da cewa ita ma tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da Azerbaijan.

Labarin afayyace

Caucasus yanki ne cike da tsaunuka a kudu maso gabashin Turai. Tsawon shekaru, Musulmi da Kirista duk sun yi gwagwarmayar samun mulkin yankin.

Armenia ta yanzu da Azerbaijan dukkansu sun zama ɓangaren Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarun 1920. Nagorno-Karabakh yanki ne da Armeniyawa suka fi yawa a cikinsa amma Soviet ta miƙa ikon wajen ga hukumomin Azerbaijan.

Armeniyawa a Nagorno-Karabakh sun sha yin kira a miƙa su ƙarƙashin ikon hukumomin Armeniya a shekarun da suka biyo baya.

Amma sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta fara durƙushewa a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 sannan majalisar dokokin yankin Nagorno-Karabakh suka kaɗa ƙuri'a ta neman zama wani ɓangaren Armenia.

Azerbaijan ta nemi murƙushe ƴan aware yayin da Armenia ke goyon bayansu. Hakan ya janyo faɗace-faɗace sannan - bayan Armenia da Azerbaijan sun ayyana samun ƴanci daga Moscow - wani yaƙi ya ɓarke.

Dubban mutane ne suka mutu sannan kusan miliyan sun rasa gidajensu duk da rahotannin kisan kiyashi da ɓangarorin biyu suka yi.

Dakarun Armenia sun samu iko da yankin Nagorno-Karabakh kafin tsagaita wuta da Rasha ta shiga tsakani a shekarar 1994.

Bayan yarjejeniyar, Nagorno-Karabakh ya ci gaba da zama wani yanki na Azerbaijan amma tun lokacin ya kasance ƙarƙashin ikon ƴan aware da suka ayyana jamhuriya wadda kuma ƴan Armeniya suke jagoranta sannan suka samu goyon bayan gwamnatin Armenia.

An sha yin tattaunawar zaman lafiya tun lokacin da ƙungiyar tabbatar da tsaro da haɗin kai OSCE a Turai ta shiga tsakani - Ƙungiyar da aka kafa a 1992 kuma Faransa da Rasha da Amurka suke jagoranta.

Amma har yanzu, ba a cimma wata yarjejeniya ta zaman lafiya ba. An ci gaba da samun tashin hankali shekara 30 da suka gabata inda aka sake gwabza rikici a 2016 lokacin da dakaru daga dukkan ɓangarorin suka mutu.

Rikicin ya sake ta'azzara saboda siyasa. Turkiyya wadda mamba ce a Ƙungiyar Nato ita ce ƙasa ta farko da ta fara amincewa da ƴancin kan Azerbaijan a 1991.

Tsohon Shugaban Azeri Heydar Aliyev ya taɓa bayyana yankunan a matsayin "ƙasa ɗaya da jihohi biyu". Dukkansu suna da al'adun ƴan Turkiyya sannan Shugaban Turkiyya Recep Tayyip Erdogan ya sha alwashin Azerbaijan za ta samu goyon bayan ƙasarsa.

Sannan Turkiyya ba ta da wata alaƙa da Armenia. A 1993, Turkiyya ta rufe iyakarta da Armenia domin goyon bayan Azerbaijan yayin yaƙi kan yankin Nagorno-Karabakh.

Ita kuma Armenia tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da Rasha. Akwai sansanin sojojin Rasha a Armenia kuma dukkansu mambobi ne na Ƙungiyar tsaro ta CSTO.

Sai dai Shugaba Vladimir Putin yana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Azerbaijan sannan Rasha ta nemi a tsagaita wuta.

A 2018, Armenia ta yi wani juyin juya hali na lumana lamarin da ya kawo ƙarshen daɗaɗɗen mulkin Serzh Sargysan. Wanda ya jagoranci zanga-zangar Nikol Pashinyan ya zama firaminista bayan zaɓen da aka yi a shekarar.

Mista Pashinyan ya amince da Shugaban Azerbaijan Ilham Aliev don sasanta rikicin tare da samar da layin sadarwa na farko tsakanin ƙasashen biyu.

A 2019, duka ƙasashen sun fitar da wata sanarwa da ke neman ɗaukan matakai don samar da zaman lafiya tsakanin al'umomi".

Duk da haka, babu wani abu da ya fito daga waɗan nan kalmomin. Babu tabbas game da ƙasashen da suka fara sabon rikicin amma an kwashe tsawon watanni ana tashin hankali tun bayan fadan da aka yi a watan Yuli wanda ya shafi mutane daga ɓangarorin biyu.