Shin Iran na son ƙulla yarjejeniyar nukiliya da Amurka?

Iran

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    • Marubuci, Armen Nersessian
    • Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, BBC World Service
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  • Lokacin karatu: Minti 7

A wani mataki da ya zo wa mutane da dama da mamaki Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya bayyana a makon nan cewa ƙasarsa za ta ''tattauna kai-tsaye'' da Iran kan shirin nukiliyarta.

Duk da gargaɗin da ya yi cewa za a iya ɗaukar matakin soji idan diplomasiyyar ta gagara, matakin tattaunawar wani babban sauyi ne da aka samu kan alaƙar ƙasashen biyu.

Musamman ga shugaban ƙasar da a baya ya janye daga yarejeniyar nukiliyar Iran ta 2015 da aka yi wa laƙabi da ''2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action'' (JCPOA).

Shugaba Donald Trump (Dama) na ganawa da firaministan Isra'ila, Benjamin Netanyahu (Hagu) a fadar White House da ke birnin Washington DC, ranar 7 ga watan Afrilun 2025.

Asalin hoton, Avi Ohayon (GPO) / Handout/Anadolu via Getty Images

Bayanan hoto, Shugaba Donald Trump ya yi gargaɗi a lokacin ziyarar Firaministan Isra'ila, Benjamin Netanyahu cewa akwai yiwuwar a ɗauki matakin soji idan tattaunawar ta gagara.

Duk da shekaru masu yawa da Iran ta kwashe tana fama da takunkuman tattalin arziki kan tsare-tsarenta, Jagoran Addinin Ƙasar Ayatollah Ali Khamenei ya jima yana kauce wa tattaunawa kai-tsaye da Amurka.

Yana kaucewa ne ba don ba ya son hanyar diplomasiyya ba, sai don kare manufofi da siyasar ƙasar wadda ta samar da Jamhuriyar Musulunci.

Yin hulɗa a fili da Amurka, wadda ta kasance ƴar adawar gwamnatin Iran, na iya shafar maganganun ƙyamar Amurka da kuma ikon Khamenei a tsakanin masu tsatsauran ra'ayi da aka kwashe gomman shekaru ana ginawa.

Ministan harkokin wajen Iran, ya ce ganawar da za a yi birnin Oman za ta kasance ''ba ta kai tsaye ba'' kuma ya ƙara da cewa ya yi amanna cewa Iran za ta cimma matsaya da Amurka, idan Washington ɗin ta nuna da gaske take yi.

Dakta Aniseh Bassiri Tabrizi, babbar mai sharhi a kamfanin ''Control Risks'' mai lura da kauce wa rikici, ta shaida wa BBC cewa ta yi amanna cewa duka ƙasashen biyu na buƙatar ƙulla yarjejeniya.

"To amma da wahala a ganawar farko a samu cimma hakan," kamar yadda ta yi ƙarin haske, "sai dai ya danganta yadda tattaunawar ta kasance, za a iya amince da wata ganawar."

Shin da gaske Iran na son ƙulla yarjejeniyar - Ko dai wannan wani sabon babi ne da zai iya haifar da wata alaƙa mai hatsari?

Wani mutum na yi wa wata katangta fenti

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Bayanan hoto, Shakkun da Iran ke yi wa Amurka na ƙara ƙarfafa da ƙorafe-ƙorafen tarihi.

Gwamnatin da ke shan matsin lamba

 Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei

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Bayanan hoto, Matsin lamba kan Iran da shugabanninta na ƙaruwa. Ƙasar na fuskantar ƙarin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki yayin da darajar kuɗin ƙasar ke ci gaba da karyewa.
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Ana ƙara matsin lamba kan Iran. Tattalin arzikin na cikin matsi, yayin da hauhawar farashi ya kai kashi 32, rashin ayyukan yi na ƙaruwa, sannan darajar kudin ƙasar na ci gaba da faɗuwa in da ya kai mataki mafi muni.

Fushin gwamnati na ƙaruwa tsakanin ƴan ƙasar, musamman tsakanin matasa da masu matsakaitan shekaru.

Zanga-zangar da aka aka samu a shekarun baya-bayan nanta nuna yadda ƴan ƙasar ke nuna damuwa ta fannin tattalin arzikin da siyasa.

A lokaci guda kuma tasirin Iran a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na ci gaba da raguwa. Manyan ƙungiyoyin da take amfani da su irin Hezbollah da Hamas da Houthi sun fuskanci mummunar koma-baya.

Faɗuwar gwamnatin Bashar al- Assad a Syria ya rage tasirin Iran a yankin ta hanyar rage alaƙarta da Hezbolla.

Isra'ila ta ƙaddamar da ƙarin hare-hare kan rijiyoyin man Iran da kan ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa da Iran. A yanzu Jamhuriyar Musulunci ba ta da ƙarfin da take da shi a baya.

Matsalolin cikin gida da waɗanda take fuskanta a Gabas ta Tsakiya sun ƙara wa ƙungiyar zama saniyar ware.

A yanzu Tehran za ta iya ganin alfalun tattaunawa idan za a iya ɗage mata takunkuman domin ɗaga mata ƙafa.

Abin da ba za a amince da shi ba

Hoto ɗauke da jaridun Iran - waɗanda suka nunu hotunan shugabbin biyu a labarin da suka buga kan tattaunawarsu

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Bayanan hoto, A 2013, Shugaban Amurka na wancan lokacin, Barack Obama ya tattauna da Shugaban Iran na wancan lokacin, Hassan Rouhani - Tattauna ta farko tsakanin shugabannin ƙasashen biyu tun lokacin juyin juya halin ƙasar na 1979.

Duk da cewa duk wani ƙoƙari na diflomasiyya zai iya fuskantar tazgaro, jami'an Iran na tuna yarjejeniyar JCPOA da kyau.

Iran dai ta mutunta yarjejeniyar da shugaba Obama ya sanya wa hannu, sai dai gwamnatin Trump ta wargaza ta a shekarar 2018.

Sannan ya sake ƙaƙaba mata takunkumi da durƙusar da tattalin arzikin Iran.

Lamarin da ya ƙara tabbatar da amannar da Khamenei ya jima da yi cewa Amurka ba abokiyar tattaunawa ce da za a dogara da ita ba.

Wannan shakku ya ƙarfafa ƙorafe-ƙorafen tarihi. Tun daga juyin mulkin da CIA ta goyi bayan yi wa firaminista Mohammad Mossadegh a 1953 da goyon bayan Amurka ga Saddam Hussein a lokacin yakin Iran da Iraki da kuma a baya-bayan nan, kisan Janar Qasem Soleimani a wani harin jiragen saman Amurka, shugabannin Iran ke ɗaukar hakan a matsayin amana da ƙullatarta.

Ba za a taɓa manta waɗannan al'amura a Tehran ba - kuma ana la'akari da su wajen tsara kowace irin shawara.

Abin da ya ƙara dagula al'amuraa Amurka kuwa a gefe guda, Mai bai wa shugaban ƙasar shawara kan harkokin tsaro, Michael Waltz da sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka Marco Rubio sun dage kan sai an wargaza shirin nukiliyar Iran gaba ɗaya -da suka haɗa da inganta makamashin Uranium da ƙarfin makamai masu linzami.

An bayyana hakan ne a wani abin da ake kira "Yarjejeniyar Libiya," dangane da yarjejeniyar da aka cimma a shekara ta 2003 da ta sa shugaban mulkin sojan ƙasar a wancan lokaci, Kanal Mu'ammar Gaddafi ya amince da yin watsi da makaman na ƙare dangi.

A ɗaya gefen kuma, Jakadan Amurka a yankin Gabas ta tsakiya, Steve Witkoff ya yi magana game da warware taƙaddamar ta hanyar diflomasiyya, inda ya yi kira da a samar da wani shirin na musamman don tunkarar batun.

Dakta Bassiri ta ce ya dogara ne kan abin da za a bai wa Iran ta fuskar lamuni.

Ta kara da cewa "Abin da Iran za ta so a zahiri shi ne kada ta ga an wargaza shirinta." "Ina ganin abin da Iraniyawa ba za su amince da shi ba shi ne wargaza shirin Iran gaba ɗaya."

John Mearsheimer, masanin kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Chicago ta Amurka ya ce "Ina ganin a fili yake cewa Amurka da Iran za su so guje wa yaƙi."

"Ko hakan zai yiwu yana da matukar wahala mu san abin da ke faruwa a bayan fage''.

Rikicin Iran da Tsoro

 Muammar Gaddafi a filin jirgin saman Ciampino a ranar 29 ga watan Agustan 2010 a birnin Rome.

Asalin hoton, Ernesto Ruscio/Getty Images

Bayanan hoto, Iran ba ta son yin aiki "yarjejeniyar Libya," wanda ke nuni da yadda aka wargaza shirin nukiliyar ƙasar da ke arewacin Afirka gaba daya bayan rugujewar gwamnatin Mu'ammar Gaddafi.

Ga Iran, yarjejeniyar Libya - cikakken shirin kawar da makaman nukiliya - ba mai farawa ba ce.

Kanar Muammar Gaddafi ya yi watsi da burinsa na nukiliya bayan da aka kifar shi tare da kashe shi a wani boren da ƙasashen Yamma suka goyi bayansa a shekarar 2011. Jagoran juyin juya halin Musulunci na Iran yana kallon wannan a matsayin labari na taka tsantsan, ba wai ma'aunin samun nasara ba.

Shirin nukiliyar Iran ya kasance abin da ta fi bai wa fifiko. Amma duk da raunata abokan ƙawancenta a yankin, da taɓarbarewar tattalin arzikinta, muradin nukiliyarta na iya zama kan gaba .

Farfesa Mearsheimer ya yi imanin cewa akwai yiwuwar Amurka da Isra'ila su kai wa Iran hari, idan har ta bukaci ta bi "sawun Libya".

"Idan Iran ba ta amince da waɗannan bukatu ba, ina ga kamar Shugaba Trump ya yi bore har ya kai wa Iran hari," in ji shi.

Hanya mai haɗari

Jakadan amurka a gabas ta Tsakiya, Steve Witkoff da ministan harkokin wajen Iran,  Abbas Araghchi.

Asalin hoton, MANDEL NGANAMER HILABI/AFP via Getty Images

Bayanan hoto, Jakadan amurka a gabas ta Tsakiya, Steve Witkoff da ministan harkokin wajen Iran, Abbas Araghchi.

Duka ƙasashen biyu a yanzu na fuskantar zaɓi mai wahala. Dole Amurka ta yanke shawara ko tana buƙatar amfani da salon yarjejeniyar JCPOA, da ta taƙaita kan sanya idanu kan shirin nukiliyar, ko kuma faɗaɗa ta zuwa buƙatr Iran ta yi watsi da shirin nata baki ɗaya.

A nata ɓangare Iran, dole ne ta jinjina batun haɗe musu kai da duniya za ta yi da kuma ci gaba da mayar da su saniyar ware.

Wasu a Amurka na kallon tattaunawar a matsayin gwaji - wani abu da koyaushe Iran kasawa - a matsayin kafa hujjar matakin soji kanta.

Wasu kuma na fatan ganin an cimma matsaya da za ta rage tashe-tashen hankula da daidaita al'amura a yankin.

Rikici ne mai yawan gaske. Ci gaban da aka samu zai iya zama farkon wani sabon babi a dangantakar Amurka da Iran, yayain da rashin cimma hakan kuma zai iya wargaza zaman lafiyar yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.

A yanzu abin da ya rage shi ne matakin tattaunawar kan taƙaddamar na iya zama muhimmi.

Matsin lambar da Iran ke sha kan batun ta ƙunshi cii da wajen ƙasar.

Khamenei ka iya nuna turjiya, to amma ƴan ƙasar da ke son tattaunawar don warwarewar matsin tattalin arziki da samun zaman lafiya da mihimman abubuwan buƙatu - ka iya zama manyan abubuwan da ba za a iya wasti da su ba.

A ƙarshe ko tattaunawar ta yi nasara ko ta ruguje, sakamakon ba wai kawai shirin makamashin nukiliyar Iran zai daidaita ba, har ma da makomar tsaron yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na shekaru masu zuwa.