Dabbobin da ke iya gano aukuwar bala'i a duniya
Asalin hoton, MPI-AB
- Marubuci, Daga Norman Miller
- Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, BBC Future
- An wallafa
A shekarar 2004, guguwar tsunami wacce girgizar karkashin teku mai karfin 9.1 ta auku a kan al'ummar da ke bakin tekun Indiya, inda ta halaka akalla mutane 225,000 a fadin gwamman kasashe.
Gagarumin adadin mutuwar a wani bangare ne wanda rashin samun alamun gargadin farko game da abkuwar bala'in ya haddasa.
Alamun farko da mutane ke amfani da su, kamar na'urori masu sansano igiyar ruwan da girgizar karkashin tekun, sun gaza yin aikin sanar da gargadin.
Amma a cikin mintoci da sa'oi kafin karuwar torokon tekun zuwa tsawon mita 9 sama a kan tekunan, wasu dabbobin kan Sansano mummunan bala'in da zai abku, kana su yi kokarin tserewa.
Matakan da dabbobi ke dauka
Kamar yadda wasu shaidu suka nuna, giwaye kan ruga zuwa kan tudu, kana zalbe kan bar wuraren kyankyasarsu da ke yankunan kwari, sannan karnuka kan ki fita waje.
"Wadanda suka tsira sun kuma bayar da rahoton ganin dabbobi kamar su shanu, da awaki, da kyanwowi da kuma tsuntsaye na komawa kan tudun doron kasa jim kadan bayan aukuwar girgizar kasa da kafin zuwan tsunami," in ji Irina Rafliana, wata mai bincike a Cibiyar Bunkasa kasar Jamus da ke birnin Bonn.
"Akasarin wadanda suka tsira sun ruga tare da wadannan dabbobi ko kuma ba tare da bata lokaci ba bayan nan.''
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
Rafliana ta tuna labarai irin wadannan da suka danganci ayyukanta na waje game da aukuwar bala'in, kamar guguwar tsunami ta shekarar 2010 wacce girgizar karkashin tekun kusa da birnin Sumatra ta haddasa, tare da hallaka kusan mutane 500 a Tsibiran Mentawai.
Aamma kuma, a nan ma wasu dabbobib irin su giwaye an bayar da rahoton sun dau mataki kamar suna da wata masaniya kan abkuwar irin wannan.
A cikin watan Janairu, wata kififiya da aka saki ta sake juyowa kwanaki biyu kafin abkuwar bala'in aman wutar dutse a Tonga.
Babu wasu tsare-tsare game da alamun gargadin farko game da abkuwar bala'i a yankuna da dama da ke yawan fama da matsalolin.
A shekarar 2017, Kungiyar Lura da Yanayi ta Duniya ta gano cewa gwamnatoci a fadin kasashen kusan 100 har yanzu ba su da tsare-tsare kan gargardin farko game da abkuwar bala'in da suke fuskantar barazana a kai.
Amma wannan halayyar dabbobi kafin abkuwar bala'in, ya sa wasu masu bincike su mayar da hankulan kimiyyarsu zuwa tunanin cewa me yiwuwa dabobi na da wasu abubuwa a cikin jikinsu da ke sanar da su duk wani bala'i da ke tafe.
Shin dabbobi za su iya samar wa da mutane alamun farko na gargadin abkuwar bala'in?
Wasu bayanai na farko-farko da aka shaida kan halayyar dabobi da ba a saba gani ba kafin abkuwar bala'oi a shekarun baya kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS) 373BC, lokacin da wani masanin tarihi na kasar Girka Thucydides ya bayar da rahoton beraye, da karnuka, da macizai suka fara barin birnin Helice a cikin kwanaki kafin abkuwar wata mummunar girgizar kasa.
Mintoci kadan kafin gigizar kasar shekarar 1805 a Naples, shanu, da karnuka, da agwagi suka fara nuna alamun gargadi gabaki dayansu a lokaci guda.
A yayin da aka bayyana dawakai na ta guje-guje a cikin razana kafin girgizar kasar birnin San Francisco a shekarar 1906.
Shekaru biyar da suka gabata ne wata tawagar kwararru karkashin jagorancin Martin Wikelski daga Cibiyar Lura da Halayyar Dabbobi ta Max Planck a kasar Jamus ta gudanar da daya daga cikin muhimman bincike kan yadda dabbobi ke iya yin hasashe game da abkuwar bala'oi.
Binciken ya kunshi tattara bayanan yadda dabobbobi daban-daban ke tafiya kamar (shanu, da tumaki, da karnuka) a gona a yankin Marches a tsakiyar kasar Italiya da ke shan fama da girgizar kasa.
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
An makala wasu karafuna a jikin ko wace dabba, wacce ke aiko da sakonnin tafiye-tafiye ga na'urar komfuta a cikin ko wane mintoci tsakanin watan Oktobar shekarar 2016 zuwa Aprilun shekarar 2017.
A daidai wannan lokacin ne, alkaluman hukuma ta nuna girgizar kasa sama da 18,000 a yankin.
Kwararrun sun samu shaida cewa dabbobin cikin gona sun fara sauya halayyarsu zuwa sa'oi 20 kafin aukuwar girgizar kasar.
Dabbobin kan kuma kara yin shiru kafin aukuwar bala'in
A kasar Afirka ta kudu, kwararriya a fannin halayyar halittu, Rachel Grant - yanzu tana jami'ar London South Bank - ta gano irin wannan sakamakon.
Asalin hoton, Christian Ziegler/MPI-AB
Muhimmin abu, Grant ta kuma gano shaida kan abinda ka iya tunzura sauye-sauye a kan dabobon gida.
An kuma shaida musamman yawan hawa da sauka a cikin kwanaki takwas kafin girgizar kasar Contamana - da ya zo daidai da faraa mataki na biyu na bacewar dabbobi daga idon jama'a.
A halin yanzu, kasar China ta fara kirkiro wani tsari na sanarwar gargadin farko kan girgizar kasa a Cibiyarta mai lura da girgizar kasar a Nanning, da ke sa ido kan halayyar dabbobi a da suka fi kusa da kasa - musamman macizai a gonaki da ke fadin yankin da aka fi yin girgizar kasa.
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
Macizai na da karfin Sansano abubuwa da ke gano kananan sauye-sauye a cikin muhallinsu, kuma wani bangare ne na sauye-sauyen ba-zata a halayyar macizai da sauran dabbobi da suka sa mahukunta kwashe mutane n birnin Haicheng a shekarar 1975.
Hakan ya faru ne jm kadan kafin abkuwar wata gagarumar girgizar kasa - matakin da ya ceci rayuwar mutane da ba su da iyaka.
"A cikin duka halittu na duniya, macizi sune watakila wadanda suka fi kaifin sansano faruwar girgizar kasa,'' Jiang Weisong, daraktan ofishin lura da girgizar kasa ta Nanning na wancan lokacin, ya shaida wa jaridar China Daily a shekarar 2006.
"A duk lokacin da girgizar kasa za ta abku, macizai kan fice daga cikin ramukansu, ko da kuwa a lokacin tsananin hunturu ne.''
Hikimar tsuntsaye
Girgizar kasa da ita ce kadai hadarruan muhalli da dabbobi suke kware wajen ganowa tare da nuna alamun gargadin farko ba. Tsuntsaye na kara zama kan gaba wajen iya gano sauran abkuwar bala'oi.
A shekarar 2014, masana kimiyya da ke bin diddigin wasu tsuntsaye masu fiffike launin ruwan gwal a Amurka sun shaida wani abin mamaki na abinda aka fi sani da kauracewa daukacin wuri.
Nan da nan tsuntsayen suka tashi daga inda suke kyankyasa a Tsaunukan Cumberland na gabashin Tennessee suka tsere zuwa nisan kilomita 700.
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
Jim kadan bayan tashin tsuntsayen ne, wata mahaukaciyar guguwa ta abka wa yankin, tare da hallaka mutane 35 da lalata gidaje da kayyakin kusan dala biliyan daya.
Abubuwan a bayyane suke - tsuntsayen sun gano wasu hadurra tafe daga nisan fiye da kilomita 400.
Ba duka kwararru ne ke tunanin cewa gargadin farko game da abkuwar bala'i daga dabbobi su ne zabi mafi inganci na yin hasashe game da hakan.
Ko da a ce suna taimakawa, motsawar dabbobi kadai ba lallai bane su kasance wadatattu,kana mutane na bukatar dogaro da hadawa da gargadin farkon don gane cikakkun bayana game abubuwan da ka iya faruwa.
Har yanzu, a yayin da ba lallai mu iya magana da dabbobi ba, watakila lokaci ya yi, da za mu mayar da hankalinmu wajen gargadin na su.
