Yawon shakatawa a sararin samaniya: Ko jiragen shakatawa za su ci gajiyar kimiyya, ko zai yi illa ga muhalli?

Karanta rubutu kawai domin rage cin data

Amateur astronaut Haley Arceneaux in front of a view of the Earth from space

- Marubuci, Daga Saroj Pathirana
- Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, BBC World Service
An wallafa 11 Disamba 2021

Tun bayan soma yawon shakatawa a sararin samaniya, masu hannu da shuni ke zuwa can domin morewa. Sai dai tambayar ita ce ko matakin zai iya dauke attajiran, sannan ko zai iya kawo cikas da illa ga muhalli?

Kusan mutum 600 ne suka je sararin samaniya cikin shekaru 60. Dukkansu kwararun masana sararin samaniya ne, sai shida kadai daga ciki ne hamshakan masu kudi.

A yanzu kuma masu yawon shakatawa na tunkarar sararin samaniyar.

Shugaban kamfanin Amazon Jeff Bezos, da shugaban kamfanin jirgin sama na Virgin Atlantic Sir Richard Branson da shugaban kamfanin TeslaElon Musk, sun samar da kamfaninsu da za ka iya biyan kudi mai tsoka domin zuwa shakatawa.

Tikiti kadai ya fara ne daga dala 250,000 wasu kuma miliyoyin daloli.

Sandali Kumarasinghe sanye da kayan da ake sanyawa a sararin samaniya, dauke da murmushi a fuskarta domin daukar hoto. — Bayanan hoto, Sandali Kumarasinghe mamba ce kungiyar masu zuwa sararin samaniya 'yan kasa da shekara 24, wadda ta kunshi matasa daga sassa daban-daban na duniya wadanda suka kafa tarihi

Harkar masu hannu da shuni ce?

Dalibar yawon shakatawa a sararin samaniya mai shekara 21, Sandali Kumarasinghe, ta fito daga babban gida a Sri Lanka. Tsarin rayuwarta bai yi kama da na masu zuwa sararin samaniyar ba.

Ta ce tana fatan zuwa yawon shakatawa sararin samaniya "zai bude hanyar da kowa zai iya zuwa ba wai dama ce ga attajirai kadai ba."

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Sandali ta yi nasarar samun tallafin karatu, domin suwa sararin sama, domin samun horo da hukumar sararin samaniya ta Amirka Nasa da ke Alabama. Tun daga lokacin, sunanta ya fito cikin wadanda za su je duniyar wata karkashin shirin Dear Moon, wadda wani biloniya dan Japan Yasaku Maezawa ya samar.

A watan Maris din shekarar 2021, Maezawa ya gayyaci jama'a domin su samu kujera a jirgin SpaceX's Starship da ke zuwa duniyar wata. Ya samu mutane da dama da suka bukaci son wannan shawagi, wanda ake sa ran za a yi a shekarar 2023.

Sandali Kumarasing daure jikin damara, kan ta na kallon kasa a jikin wata na'ura a maras nauyi a sansanin sararin samaniya — Bayanan hoto, Sandali ta yi nasarar samun tallafin karatu, domin suwa sararin sama, domin samun horo da hukumar sararin samaniya ta Amirka Nasa da ke Alabama a shekarar 2019

Talakawa

Sandali ta yi amanna da cewa yawon shakatawa na bude talakawa hanyar jin dadin wata rayuwa da ba su san da ita ba a doron kasa.

"A koda yaushe ina tunanin ya kamata na yi wani abu babba, amma ban taba tunanin zan yi balaguro har sararin samaniya ko... duniyar wata ba," Sandali ta shaida wa BBC.

"Idan za a samu yarinya kamar ni, da ta fito da tsuburin Sri Lanka... [ta iya] zuwa sararin samaniya, abin alfahari ne ina fatan a samu za a samu dama da suka fi wannan a nan gaba.

Dan sama jannati na Rasha Yury Lonchakov (a kasasa), sai kuma dan Amirka Michael Fincke (a tsakiya) and his compatriot, space tourist Richard Garriott (top), wave as they board the spacecraft at the Baikonur cosmodrome, in Kazakhstan, on 12 October, 2008. — Bayanan hoto, Mutane shida da suka taba zuwa yawon shakatawa sararin samaniya, Richard Garriott, (a sama), ya yi amanna attajirai za su iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta kimiyya ga bil'adama nan gaba

"Sannan, ina fatan nan gaba za a samu kamfanonin sararin samaniya... da za su dinga bai wa mutane horo, da atisaye ga 'yan sama jannati ta amfani da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha da kuma bincike."

Binciken 'yan yawon shakatawa

Daya daga cikin mutane shida da suka taba zuwa sararin samaniya, Richard Garriott, ya ce attajirai suna taka rawa a ci gaban binciken kimiyya da makomar dan adam nan gaba.

Richard Garriott ya na yawo cikin iskar jirgin da suka je sararin samaniya, tare da ma'aikatan jirgin — Bayanan hoto, Richard Garriott (damat), lokacin da suka je sararin samaniya,m wanda ke fatan nan gaba za su sake komawa

A shekarar 2008, wanda ya kirkiri wasan video game, Lord British shi ma ya je sararin samaniya.

"Kusan duk ayyukan fasahar da Charles Darwin yake yi a duniya, attajirai ke daukar nauyinsu," in ji shi.

'Arha tulus'

Kamar yadda ake yin balaguro a jirgin sama ko na kasa, "suna matukar tsada da hatsari" da fari shi ma zuwa sararin samaniya haka yake, in ji Garriott, tafiya sararin samaniya ya wuce tunanin dan adam.

Ya yi nuni da cewa balaguro sararin samaniya ya fi sauran tafiye-tafiye da kashi 1,000, a lokacin da aka fara wannan sabon nau'in balaguron, sai idan masu kudi za su shiga a dama da su harkar za ta fi karko.

Mai yin wasan bidiyo, yana fatan yin balaguro sararin samaniya, amma yana jiran farashin ya sauko.

Soyuz dan Rasha, da 'yan sama jannati Sergei Volkov da Oleg Kononenko da ba'amirke Richard Garriott a cikin jirgi a arewacin garin Arkalyk, da Kazakhstan, ranar 24 Oktoba, 2008. — Bayanan hoto, Dan sama jannati na Amirka Soyuz, da 'dan yawon bude ido Richard Garriott lakacin da sukai tafiya arewacin Kazakhstan

Lokacin fitar da hayaki ya wuce?

Yaya batun lalata muhalli da masu yawon shakatawa a sararin samaniya ka iya haddasawa?

Richard Garriott ya yi amanna da za a iya kauce wa illar, yana cewa "kaddamar da makamin roka guda baya fitar... yana fitar da hayaki kalilan idan aka kwatanta da sauran sufuri."

Ya kara da cewa wasu makaman rokar an yi su ne domin fitar da sinadarin hydrogen, kamar raba ba abin da zai dumama duniya ba (hayaki).

Amma Sandali ta nuna damuwa.

"Yawon shakatawa a sararin samaniya ka iya shafar tsirrai.. Zai yi kyau idan muka samu wasu ka'idoji, da dokoki, ta yadda za a magance bata sararin samaniyar kansa.

A SpaceX rocket seen from below as it comes in to land on Earth — Bayanan hoto, Kumbon sama jannati na fitar da hayaki mai dumama yanayi kamar yadda ake iya gani a wannan hoton

'Kona roba'

"Jirgin Virgin Galactic ya na kona roba. Kuma roba irin wadda aka yi taya da ita na fitar da bakin hayakin Carbon, in ji ta a hira da BBC, inda ta ke.

"Abubuwa irin wadannan za su iya cutar da muhalli, da dumama yanayi. hakan na nufin idan jirgin Virgin Galactic na tashi a kowacce rana, akwai yiwuwar ya dumama yanayi da yin illa cikin dan takaitaccen lokaci," in ji Dakta Marais.

Zuwa lokacin wallafa wannan rahoton, kamfanin Virgin Galactic bai ce uffan ba kan tayin BBC na son jin abin da zai ce kan maganar Dakta Marais.

Virgin Galactic samfurin VSS Unity ya na kgab da taka kasa — Bayanan hoto, Virgin Galactic samfurin VSS Unity yana gab da sauka

Sinadarin Hydrogen?

Kamfanin Blue Origin na amfani da fetur daban wajen yin roka, misali kamar wanda suka kaddamar New Glenn, launcher.

Za kuma su kaddamar da mota wadda za a yi amfani da sinadarin hydrogen a madadin man fetur.

Dr Marais ta yi gargadin sinadarin hydrogen bai dace da sararin samaniya ba, wanda zai ceto muhalli.

"Ko makaman rokar da ake yi da sinadarin hydrogen, ba zai kare komai daga fitar da gurbataccen hayaki ba... kuma dukkansu ka iya illa ga muhalli saboda su na dauke da sinadarin stratospheric ozone," Shi wannan ozone, ya na kare hasken rana da ke kare duniyarmu daga tsananin zafi.

Kamfanin Blue Origin ya shaidawa BBC cewa binciken baya-bayan nan kan nau'o'in injinan da ake amfani da sinadarin (cryogenic) a cikinsu, za su lalata muhalli da gurbatawa sau 750 idan aka kwatanta da wanda akai amfani da Ozone.

Wannan karon ma BBC ta tuntubi Virgin Galactic gabannin wallafa rahoton, amma bai ce uffan ba.

Jeff Bezos na tafawa William Shatner ya fitowa daga jirgin Blue Origin bayan dawow birnin Texas a Amirka — Bayanan hoto, Shugaban kamfanin Amazon Jeff Bezos (Tsakiya) ya na gaida tauraron wasan Star Trek William Shatner (dama) da sauran ma'aikata sabon jirgin Blue Origin mai suna New Shepard bayan sun dawo Texas

Jirgin da ke zuwa duniyar wata, da katon jirgin sama

Dakta Marais ta kirga rokokin da muke da su da ke zuwa sararin samaniya, suna fitar da kusan kashi 100 na sinadarin Carbon Dioxide (CO2) a kowacce tafiyar kilomita, kamar dai katon jirgin sama.

Ta shafe shekara goma tana bincike, tare da karkare cewa hayakin da rokar da ke zuwa sararin samaniya ke fitarwa na karuwa da kashi 6 a kowacce shekara.

Ta damu matuka kan wannan ka iya yin illa ainahin saman iskar gas din da ke rike da duniyar da muke rayuwa a ciki.

"Ba sinadarin CO2 kadai mu ke bukata ko nuna damuwa akai ba idan ana batun kaddamar da roka. Babbar damuwar ita ce burbushin da ke zuba kan Ozone wanda shi ke kare mana tamu duniyar daga abubuwa masu cutarwa. Sinadaran da ke cikin dukkan rokokin, suna matukar illa.

"[Suna fitar da] hayakin mai gurbata sararin samaniya, suna dadewa musamman a sararin samaniya, sukan kuma kuma zuke hasken rana, da dumama sararin samaniya."

Bayanan hoto, Daga dama zuwa hagu, 'yan sama jannati Jared Isaacman, da Hayley Arceneaux, da Sian Proctor da Chris Sembroski a cikin jirgin SpaceX mission

Tambayar ko yawon shakatawa asararin samaniya na da muhimmanci ga binciken kimiyya, ta ce ana bukatar "matakai masu tsauri da za su tabbatar da illa ko akasin yin balaguron yawon shakatawa ko bude ido a sararin samaniya ga ta mu duniyar.

Idan bincike ya gano babbar harka ce da za a yi, amma kuma illa ga sauyin yanayi da shafar sinadarin ozone to lallai a bar ta."

Bunkasar masana'anta

Mai sharhi kan lamuran sararin samaniya, David Wade ya ce duniya na gab da ganin bunkasar fannin sufurin sararin samaniya ga 'yan yawon shakatawa da bude ido. Sai dais hi ma ya damu matuka kan batun kare muhalli.

"Ina yawan tunanin hotunan dsuniya da aka dauka alokacin da 'yan sama jannati suka je duniyar wata a shekarun 1960. Wannan ya kara fito da halin da muhalli ke ciki, ganin yadda duniya ke shawagi tsakanin sararin samaniya."