Virgin Galactic: Yadda jirgin biloniya Sir Richard Branson ya kai ƙololuwar sararin samaniya

Biloniya Sir Richard Branson ya samu nasarar kai wa ga sararin samaniya a cikin jirgin rokarsa na Virgin Galactic.

Attajirin ɗan kasuwar na Birtaniya ya tashi zuwa ƙololuwar saman New Mexico a Amurka a cikin jirgin nasa da kamfaninsa ya shafe shekaru 17 yana ƙerawa.

Bulaguron, a cewarsa, abu ne "na daban da ban taɓa yi ba a rayuwa".

Ya sauko ƙasa lafiya bayan shafe tsawon sa'a guda da tashi daga doron duniyarmu.

"Tun ina ƙaramin yaro nake da burin ganin wannan rana, amma a gaskiya babu wani abu da zai iya ba ka damar kallon Duniyar Earth daga sararin samaniya,'' ya bayyana a wani taron manema labarai bayan kammala bulaguron.

Bulaguron ya kuma sa saka shi kasancewa mutum na farko cikin sabbin masu yawon buɗe ido da suka fara zuwa sararin samaniya da suka yi ƙoƙarin amfani da jiragensu, inda ya yi wa shugaban kamfanin Amazon Jeff Bezos da na SpaceX Elon Musk zarra.

Ƙololuwar da Sir Richard ya kai a cikin jirgin rokar da ake kira Unity, ya kai kilomita 85 (ƙafa 282,000; mil 53).

A rangadin nasa, ɗan kasuwar ya samu rakiyar matuƙa jirgin saman nasa biyu, TDave Mackay da Michael Masucci, da kuma ma'aikatan kamfanin Galactic uku - Beth Moses, da Colin Bennett da kuma Sirisha Bandla.

Bayan dawowa daga bulaguron samaniyar, tsohon kwamandan tashar sararin samaniya kuma ɗan sama jannatin kasar Canada, Chris Hadfield ya miƙa wa mutanen uku da kuma Sir Richard kyautar yabo ta bajon 'yan sama jannati ko wannensu.

Na kasance ƙaramin mai cike da burin kallon taurari a sama. Yanzu na zama cikakken mutum a cikin jirgin sama jannati ina kuma kallon yadda kyakkyawar Duniyarmu ta Earth take daga ƙololuwar sama.

Ga sauran 'yan zamani mai zuwa da suke da wannan buri: Muddin za ka yi wannan, ka yi tunani kan abin da za ka iya yi.

Sir Richard ya bayyana abubuwan za a kashe game da tashin gwajin na bulaguron sararin samaniyar da yake sa ran fara jan hankulan kwastomomi masu sha'awar zuwa daga shekara mai zuwa.

"Na tafi da dan littafin rubutuna kuma na rubuta ƙananan abubuwa 30 ko kuma 40 da zai sa tafiyar da wani zai yi nan gaba zuwa sararin samaniya ta yi armashi sosai,'' ya ce.

''Hanya daya kawai da za ka iya samun wadannan abubuwa ita ce ka shiga cikin jirgin sama jannati ka tashi zuwa sararin samaniya ka gane wa idanunka.''

Wasu ɗaiɗaikun mutane 600 sun riga sun biya kafin alkalami na tikitin da za su kashe har dala dubu dari biyu da hamsin ($250,000) kwatankwacin fan dubu dari da tamanin (£180,000).

Waɗannan duka mutane ne da ke son kai wa ga kololuwar sama inda za su iya kallon sama ta koma baƙa-ƙirin kana su cika da mamakin nisan da ke Duniyar Earth da sararin samaniya a yayin da take ƙara yin nisa ta yanayin siffar baƙi.

Irin wannan tashi zai kuma ba su damar kasancewa cikin yanayi na rashin nauyi a lokacin da za a amince musu da su riƙa yawo a sama cikin jirgi.

Hanya ce mai nisan gaske ga Sir Richard kafin ya isa wannan wuri. Daga farko ya fara sanar da aniyarsa ta ƙirƙirar jirgin sama jannati a shekarar 2004 ne, tare da yin alwashin zai fara kasuwancin jigilar fasinjoji zuwa shekara 2007.

Amma matsalolin na'ura, da suka haɗa da mummunan haɗarin jirgin a lokacin ƙoƙarin tashin a shekarar 2014, ya sa harkokin sama jannatin kasancewa daya daga cikin ayyuka mafi fuskantar ƙalubale a cikin al'amuransa.

Harkokin yawon bude ido zuwa sararin samaniya bangare ne da ake sake farfadowa da shi bayan tsakon shekaru da dama, kuma yanzu tana so ta zama mai cike da gogayya.

A ɗaukacin shekarar 2000, ɗaiɗaikun attajirai bakwai sun yi ta zuwa Hukumar Lura da Sararin Samaniya ta Kasa da Kasa (ISS). Amma wannan ziyara mai kasada da aka shirya ƙarƙashin jagorancin hukumar lura da sararin samaniyar kasar Rasha ta dakata a shekarar 2009.

Yanzu sabon yunƙuri ya ɓullo. Baya ga na Sir Richard, akwai wasu ayyuka tafe daga mutumin da ya kafa kamfanin Amazon Jeff Bezos da kuma na SpaceX dan kasuwar jihar California Elon Musk.

'Yan kasar Rasha ma na sake dawowa da harkokin kasuwancin jiragen sama jannatin nasu zuwa hukumar ta ISS, kana akwai har wadanda suke son ƙaddamar da tashoshin jiragen sama jannatin na ƙashin kansu don mutane su ziyarta.

Cikin su har da kamfanin Axiom, wanda tsohon manajan tsare-tsare na Hukumar Binciken Sararin Samaniya NASA ISS ya fara kafawa.

Elon Musk ya kai ziyara zuwa New Mexico don taimaka wa abokinsa, tare da bin jirgin da Mr Bezos ya aike masa da sakon taya murna.

Amma kuma, akwai wani abu a fili a dangantakar da ke tsakanin Branson da Bezos.

A ranar Juma'a, kamfanin attajirin na sama jannati Blue Origin ya wallafa wani abu a shafinsa na Twitter da ke kalubalantar jirgin Unity na Virgin Galactic.

Wallafawar ta yi ikirarin cewa duk wanda ya hau wannan jirgi na roka har abada sunansu zai kasance cikin wadanda ci gabansu bai cika ba saboda ba su kai ga ƙololuwar sararin samaniya ba ''da duniya ta san da zamanta'' - sai da abin da kai aka sani da layin Kármán na kilomita 100.

Gwamnatin Amurka ta san da kan iyakar sararin samaniya da ya kai kilomita tamanin (80km) ko mil 50 (50 miles) kuma ta kan bai wa duk wanda ya kai wannan kololuwa kyautar kambun 'yan sama jannati.

Kafin ranar Lahadi, mutum 580 ne kacal suka taɓa wuce wannan ƙololuwa.

Jirgin roka na Unity ba shi da ƙarfin gudun kewaya sararin samaniya. Hakan na nufin ba zai iya cimma nasarar kai wa ga ƙarfin gudu da nisan da ake buƙata wajen jurewa tsayawa a sararin samaniyar ya zagaya duniya ba.

An ƙera jirgin ne don bai wa fasinjoji damar kallon abubuwan ban mamaki masu ban sha'awa daga samansa, kana ya ba su damar jin dadin kasancewa marasa nauyi da za su riƙa yawa a sama.

Da farko wani babban jirgi ne ya yi dakon jirgin na Unity zuwa nisan kilomita sha biyar (15km) ko ƙafa dubu hamsin (50,000ft), inda aka sake shi.

Daga nan ne injin da ke manne a bayan jirgin rokar na Unity ya tashi tare da harba shi can sama.

Adadin nisan da jirgin na Unity ya iya kai wa a taƙaice zai kai kilomita casa'in (90km) (mil 55 miles, ko ƙafa 295,000). An amince wa fasinjoji kwance ɗamararsu su riƙa yawo a sama kusa da taga.

Jirhin Unity ya naɗe jela da fuka-fukansa don saituwa yayin sauka kasa zuwa gida a doron Duniyar Earth.