Taron Manchester na 1945 da ya sauya tarihin Afirka

A watan Oktoban 1945, wakilai daga ƙasashe da dama sun taru a wani ɗakin taro a gefen birnin Manchester domin halartar wani taron siyasar Afirka, lamarin da har zuwa yanzu, kusan kimanin shekara 80 baya, ake ci gaba da tattauna amfaninsa ga siyasar nahiyar.

Taron na gangamin Fifth Pan-African Congress, wanda aka yi a tsakanin ranar 15 zuwa 21 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1945, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙwato wa ƙasashen Afirka da dama ƴanci daga mulkin mallaka.

Daga cikin waɗanda suka halarci taron akwai Obafemi Awolowo, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ƙwati ƴancin Najeriya, da wata mai fafutikar ƴancin mata da kare haƙƙin ɗan'adam Amy Ashwood Garvey da ɗan gwagwarmayar Trinidad George Padmore da kuma waɗanda suka zama shugabannin ƙasashen Malawi da Ghana da Kenya - Hastings Banda da Kwame Nkrumah da Jomo Kenyatta.

Amma duk da cewa ba shi ba ne taro irinsa na farko da aka yi, shin me ya sa ake ba shi muhimmanci sosai, kuma me ya sa aka gudanar da shi a ɗakin taro na Chorlton-on-Medlock Town Hall?

Mece ce fafutikar ƙwato ƴancin Afirka?

Fafutikar ƙwato ƴancin Afirka wata gwagwarmaya ce ta haɗa kan dukkan ƴan Afirka domin yaƙi da wariyar launin fata da nuna fifiko da kuma yaƙi da mulkin mallaka a ƙasashen nahiyar.

An fara gwagwarmayar ne a tsakankanin ƙarni na 19, amma ta fi ƙarfi ne a cikin ƙarni na 20 bayan wani lauya ɗan Trindidad mai suna Henry Sylvester Williams ya shirya taron gwagwarmayar ƙwato ƴancin ƙasashen Afirka a birnin London a 1909.

An sake gudanar da taruka irin wannan a shekarun 1919 da 1921 da 1923 da aka riƙa gudanarwa a biranen Paris da London da Brussels ad Lisbon, waɗanda su ne manyan biranen shugabannin masu mulkin mallaka, kafin wani babban taro da aka yi a birnin New York a shekarar 1927.

Bayan kowane taro ana samun matsayar cewa akwai buƙatar samar da ƴanci ga ƴan Afirka da kuma kawo ƙarshen mulkin Birtaniya da tabbatar da mayar da mulkin ƙasashe ga ƴan ƙasa.

Me ya sa aka zaɓi Manchester?

Yaƙin Duniya na biyu ne ya kawo tsaiko ga tarukan gwagwarmayar a tsakankanin 1930 da 1940, wanda hakan ya sa ba su sake gudanar da taron ba sai bayan yaƙin.

A cikin wata biyu bayan yaƙin ne jagororin tafiyar suka gudanar da taro a ɗakin taro na Chorlton-upon-Medlock.

Maƙasudin taron shi ne nemo hanyoyi magance matsalolin da yaƙin ya jefa nahiyar da lalubo hanyar kawo ƙarshen mulkin mallaka.

Harry Eyre wani masani ne da ya halarci taron ya ce ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka aka zaɓi Manchester shi ne kasancewar akwai baƙaƙen mutane da dama a birnin da suka daɗe suna rayuwa a can.

Misali Ras T. Makonnen wanda yake da wajen sayar da abinci da otel da wajen shaƙatawa, don haka sai ya kasance mutane da dama da suke zuwa ba su da matsalar masauki da wajen cin abinci, kuma shi ne ya kasance ma'ajin taron.

Harry ya ce Makonnen ya kasance abokin Padmore, wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin baƙaƙen mutane masu ilimi da hangen nesa da ke zaune a Manchester.

Su waye suka halarci taron?

Yawanci manyan ƴan siyasa ne suka halarci taron da ƴan gwagwarmaya da masu faɗa a ji a gwargwarmayar ƙwato ƴancin Afirka.

Sun taru ne a Manchester daga sassan Birtaniya da dama da kuma ƙasashe aƙalla 25.

Aƙalla ƙungiyoyi 50 ne suka halarci taron ciki har da ƙungiyoyin mata da sauransu.

Da Awolowo da Ashwood Garvey da Padmore da Banda da Nkrumah da Kenyatta da marubuci Peter Abrahams da Lamina Sankoh na Saliyo da Davidson Don Tengo Jabavu da Tikiri Banda Subasinghe na Sri Lanka duk sun halarci taron.

Sannan akwai shugaban taron William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, wanda ɗan Afirka ne mazaunin Amurka da ya shirya taron na farko da aka yi a shekarar 1919.

Me ya sa taron ya yi armashi?

Harry ya ce taron ya zama daban ne saboda tarukan baya masu ilimi ne kawai da wasu ƴan manyan gida suke zuwa.

Amma a taron na Manchester, ƴan gwagwarmaya daga sassa da dama na duniya sun halarcta, sannan an samu baƙaƙen mutane mazauna Birtaniya da ma Manchester ɗin da suka ba taron goyon baya.

Ya ce duk da cewa ba a take aka ga muhimmancin taron ba, shi ne ya buɗe hanyar samun nasarar ƙwato ƴancin ƙasashen Afirka daga mulkin mallaka.

Ya ce Jomo Kenyatta da Kwame Nkrumah da suka shugabanci ƙwato ƴancin Kenya da Ghana sun tsara abubuwan da suke nema.

Maya ta ce taron na Manchester ne "ya fito da buƙatu a zahiri" waɗanda daga ciki akwai buƙatar kawo ƙarshen mulkin mallaka a Afirka da samar da daidaito ga ƴan nahiyar da suke zama a ƙasashen waje.

"Haka kuma a taron suka buƙaci samar da daidaito da adalci wajen biyan albashin ma'aikata."

"Ina da yaƙinin akwai waɗannan buƙatun da nahiyar ke buƙata. Tattalin arzikin ƙasashen Afirka da dama har yanzu suna ta'allaƙa ne da wasu ƙasashen waje da wasu kamfanoni manya na ƙasashen waje, kuma har yanzu a nan Birtaniya babu cikakken daidaito tsakanin farare da baƙaƙen fata wajen samar da ilimi da ɗaukar aiki da sauransu."

Sai kuma mene?

An gudanar da wani taron na gwagwarmyar ne a watan Yunin 1974, lokacin da aka sake zama a birnin Dar es Salaam na Tanzania.

A wannan lokacin, ƙasashe 19 cikin waɗana suke da wakilai a taron na Manchester sun riga sun samu ƴanci daga mulkin mullaka, bayan ƙasashe biyu da dama suka samu ƴancinsu tun a shekarar 1945.

Cikin shekara goma bayan taron Tanzania kuma wasu ƙasashen guda uku suma suka samu ƴanci.

Abin tunawa da taron

Harry ya ce taron ya zo da canji kuma ya nuna ƙarfin haɗin kai da gwagwarmaya da irin nasarar da za a iya samu.

"Babbar nasarar taron ita ce ƙara ƙarfin gwiwar da aka samu," in ji shi.

Ya ce taron ne ya ƙarfafa gwiwar na baya wajen ci gaba da gwagwarmaya, musamman Kath Locke wadda ta haɗa hannu da wasu wajen assasa ƙungiyar Abasindi Co-operative 1980 a Manchester domin ƙwato ƴancin mata baƙaƙen fata.

Yaya ake tuna ranar?

Za a gudanar da abubuwa da dama domin cika shekara 80 da taron na Manchester, ciki har da taron sanin juna da tattaunawa da za a yi a ginin Grosvenor da aka yi taron na wancan lokacin, wanda yanzu wani sashe na a Jami'ar Manchester Metropolitan.

Za a tattauna batun ƴancin kai da tsara yadda ƙasashen Afirka za su ciyar da kansu gaba domin lalubo hanyoyin ci gaba da gwagwarmaya.

Cibiyar Manchester za ta shirya taron "deep dive talk" a ranar 29 ga Oktoba tare da haɗin gwiwar Parise Carmicheal-Murphy da cibiyar Ahmed Iqbal Ullah a ɗakin taro na Friends' Meeting House domin tattauna muhimmancin taron gwagwarmayar.

Za kuma a sake tattauna a ɗakin karatu na birnin a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba domin bayyana muhimmancin ranar.