Me ya jawo ƙarewar 'mutanen farko' - Yaƙi ko jima'i?

Hayayyafa tsakanin mutanen da masana kimiyya suka yi iƙirari cewa su ne jinsin mutane na farko - wato Neanderthals - da kuma ɗan Adam a yanzu (Homo sapiens) ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙarewar jinsin mutanen na farko, a cewar wani bincike.

Akwai yiwuwar hakan ya taƙaita yawan haihuwar da Neanderthals ke yi tsakaninsu, abin da ya jawo ƙarewarsu, kamar yadda binciken ya nuna wanda aka wallafa a mujallar Palaeo Anthropology.

"A tsawon lokaci, an yi ta rigegeniya tsakanin Neanderthals da mutanen yanzu wajen samun ababen more rayuwa," kamar yadda Dr Lucile Crete ya faɗa wa BBC.

Amma sabon binciken da Dr Crete ya rubuta tare da Farfesa Chris Stringer, babban mai bincike a gidan tarihi na Natural History Museum da ke Landan, ya ce ba tashin hankali ba ne ya jawo hakan, gaurayar jinsi ce ta rage yawan Neanderthals ɗin.

"Mun nuna cewa irin wannan ɗabi'ar ka iya kawo ƙarshen Neanderthals idan suka ci gaba da hulɗa da ɗan Adam, abin da zai yi ta rage yawansu har sai sun ƙare kwatakwata," in ji Farfesa Stringer bayan wallafa rahoton binciken.

An yi iƙirarin cewa za a iya samun ɓurɓushin ƙwayar halittar jinsin Neanderthal a jikin kowane mutum da ke rayuwa a yanzu, ciki har da 'yan Afirka waɗanda ake tunanin kakanninsu ba su taɓa haɗuwa da jinsin mutanen na farko ba kai-tsaye.

Wasu masana kimiyya sun yi iƙirarin cewa jinsin Neanderthals da ɗan Adam sun rayu a wurare daban daban bayan sun daina rayuwa da juna shekaru kamar 600,000 da suka wuce.

A cewarsu, yayin da ɗan Adam ya rayu a Afirka, Neanderthals sun rayu a nahiyoyin Turai da Asiya.

"Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa 'yan Adam sun zauna a Turai shekaru kamar 50,000 ko 60,000 da suka wuce, abin da ke nufin sun zauna a daidai lokacin da Neanderthals suka zauna, tsawon shekaru fiye da abin da muka tsammata a baya," a cewar Dr Crete.

Yadda aka yi muka san ɗan Adam da 'mutanen farko' sun hayayyafa tare

An samu wasu ƙwayoyin halittar "mutanen farko" (Neanderthal) a jikin 'yan Adam amma ba a samu na irin haka ba a jikin "mutanen farkon" ba, a cewar binciken.

"Akwai yiwuwar an samu musayar ƙwayar halitta amma a ɓangare ɗaya kawai," Dr Crete ta bayyana.

Kazalika, sun yi iƙirarin cewa abu ne sananne "mutanen farko" da ɗan Adam sun hayayyafa tare - duk wanda aka haifa a wajen nahiyar Afirka to kashi 2 cikin 100 na ƙwayoyin halittarsa ya same su ne daga Neanderthals - mutanen da aka yi iƙirarin cewa su ne na farko a duniya.

Sai dai Dr Crete da Dr Stringer sun yi duba mai zurfi game da lamarin ta hanyar nazartar "mutanen farko" 32 da aka yi bincike a kansu zuwa yanzu.

"Sai dai ba mu san yadda za mu yi bayanin hakan ba. Babu mamaki saboda bayanan da muke da su a yanzu, ko kuma yadda gaurayar ke aiki," in ji Dr Crete.

"Kamar gauraya tsakanin tsuntsaye da wasu dabbobin masu shayarwa, wasu lokutan gaurayar ba ta aiki tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu: abu ne mai wuya ga wani ɓangaren ya samar da ƙwai da zai kai ga haihuwa."

Ta yi fatan za a sake gano ɓurɓushin na Neanderthals don sake yin nazari a nan gaba.

"Yawan nazarin da muke yi ne zai ba mu damar sake gano gaskiya ko akasin haka na wannan tunanin," in ji ta.

Wani batu da Dr Crete da Dr Stringer suka gabatar a binciken shi ne cewa ba duka jima'in da aka yi tsakanin ɓangarorin ba ne cikin yajewar kowane ɓangare.

"Ƙila 'yan Adam na fita ne don samun matan "mutanen farko" ko kuma su ma ɗaya ɓangaren haka, kuma an yi amfani da ƙarfi wajen neman haihuwa," a cewar Dr Crete.

Ta ce akan samu irin wannan ɗabi'ar a wajen birrai.

"Idan maza ba su da matan da za su iya haihuwa a ɓangarensu, ƙila sai su je wajen ɗaya ɓangaren don su sato su da zimmar ƙara wa kansu yawa," in ji ta.

Amma dai babu wani takamaiman bayani game da irin wannan yanayin.

Masana kimiyya sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba a wajen 'yan Adam da Neanderthals idan suka zo mu'amala da juna saboda tsananin bambancin da ke tsakaninsu.

"Ba mamaki ba irin sauti ɗaya suke fitarwa ba, ba irin magana ɗaya suke yi ba, ƙwaƙwalwasu ma ba tsari ɗaya gare su ba," cikin bayanin da Dr Crete ta yi. Hatta tsarin jikinsu ma ba ɗaya ba ne.

Dr Crete ta ce: "Ƙirar jikin Neanderthals sun fi murɗewa, sun fi kalar ƙarfi tare da ƙananan gaɓoɓi, da kuma yawan gashi gira da ya zarce idanunsu."

Sai dai, ba a san wane irin bambanci ne ke tsakanin mace da namijin "mutanen farko" ba.

"Ƙasusuwansu da muka samu a kakkarye suke, kuma ba mu samu ƙasusuwan ƙugunsu ba balle mu kwatanta bambanci tsakaninsu ba," in ji Dr Crete.

"Sabbin hanyoyi na ba mu damar sanin abubuwan da a baya ba ma tunani ma.