Yadda zafin rana ke illata masu juna biyu da jariran da ke cikinsu

Akwai ƙarin hujjojin da ke nuna ilallar da zafin rana ke yi wa masu juna biyu da jariran da ke cikinsu. Me ya kamata a yi don kare su daga illar zafin ranar?

Edrisa Sinjanka na jin daɗin aikinsa na ungozoma a Keneba, wani ƙauye a yankin karkara a Gambia, da ke Yammacin Afirka. “Ina jin daɗin gudanar da aikina, ina son taimaka wa masu juna biyu musamman lokacin naƙuda,” in ji shi.

To sai dai ba koyaushe aikin yake da sauƙi ba, a wasu lokutan mata kan zo wajen Mista Sinjanka cikin tsananin buƙatar ƙarin ruwa, Inda za ka ga laɓɓansu a bushe suke kuma ƙorafin ciwon kai.

Naƙuda abu ne mai wahala, inda wasu matan kerasa ƙarfin da za su iya yin nishi don jariri ya samu hanyar fita.

Baya ga wannan kuma ya lura da wasu matsalolin da masu junan ke fuskanta. "A wasu lokuta, wasu matan kan rasa jariransu a lokacin haihuwa: Me ke haifar da hakan? Me yasa mata masu ciki ke fama da irin waɗannan matsalolin?"

Mista Sinjanka na da ra'ayin cewa yanayin tsananin zafi a Gambia na taka rawa a cikin waɗannan bala'o'i.

Ya lura cewa majinyatansa, galibinsu ma’aikatan gona ne waɗanda suke yin aiki na sa’o’i a kowace rana suna wahala cikin tsananin zafin rana, yayin da suke ɗauke da juna biyu.

Damuwa da matsalar ne ya sa Sinjanka shiga shiga wani bincike a 2019, kan matsalar da masu juna biyu ke fuskanta a Keneba.

An shirya binciken - wanda Dakta Ana Bonell, wata wararriyar likitan daga jami'ar tsafta da ke Landan, tare da haɗin gwiwar cibiyar binciken magunguna ta Gambiya suka shirya - da nufin fahimtar da mutane matsalolin da tsananin zafi ke yi wa halittar masu juna biyu, musamman da ke aiki cikin tsananin zafin rana, da irin tasirin da hakan ke yi wa lafiyarsu da lafiyar jariransu.

"Da dama daga cikin manoma ba su da ilimin illar zafin rana a kansu, musamman lokacin da suke gudanar da sana'o'insu, duk kuwa da ƙoƙarinsu na samar wa ƙasar abinci na miliyoyin kuɗi'', in ji Bonell.

Binciken - wanda aka yi kan manoma masu juna biyu 92 a yankin Keneba da kewaye - ya duba alamun illolin zafi a jikinsu a bayan wata bibiyu, yayin da suke gudanar da ayyukansu na yau da kullum. Abin da Bonell ya gano yana da ban mamaki:

Ga kowane arin maki guda a ma'aunin zafin rana na selshiyos (1C), akan samu arin bugun zuciyar jaririn da ke cikin mahaifa da kashi 17 cikin 100, sakamakon raguwar kwararar jini a mabiyiya. Kashi uku na masu juna biyu na fuskantar wannan matsala.

A ƙasashe irin Gambiya inda zafin rana ke kaiwa maki 45, wanda kuma ya riƙa ƙaruwa da kashi guda cikin shekara shida da suka gabata, hakan na nuna irin hatsarin da masu juna biyu da jariransu ke fuskanta.

Wannan tsananin zafi matsala ce da duniya ke fama da ita, inda 2023 ta kasance shekara mafi zafi a tarihin duniya, sai dai akwai hujjojin da ke nuna cewa shekarar 2024 ka iya zarta shekarar da ta gabata a wasu ƙasashen duniya.

Tsananin zafin rana kan jefa lafiyar ɗan'adam cikin hatsari, musamman ƙananan yara, da tsofaffi da masu ɗauke da wasu cutuka masu tsanani.

To sai dai kafin wanan bincike masu juna biyu kawai ake yi wa kallon faɗawa matsalar.

A lokacin da mace ke ɗauke da juna biyu, sauye-sauyen da take samu na ƙwayoyin halitta da ɗamewar da fatarta ke yi na ƙara mata hatsarin samun illa daga zafin rana, baya ga rashin jin daɗi, akwai kuma hujjojin da ke nuna tsananin zafin rana na yin illa ga mai juna biyu da jaririn da ke cikinta, kama daga hawan jini zuwa mutuwar jariri lokacin haihuwa.

Kusan shekara 10 da suka gabata akwai wani bincike da ya ce''masu juna biyu kan iya fuskantar hatsarin zafin rana'', in Kristie Ebi, ƙwararriyar kan nazarin annoba a jami'ar Washintong da ke Amurka, wadda ta shafe shekara 25 tana nazari kan tasirin ɗumamar yanayi kan lafiyar ɗan'adam.

Amma gaskiyar ita ce tallafi ga mata masu juna biyu da ke aiki cikin matsanancin zafi zai taimaka wajen rage musu hatsarin fuskantar matsala.

Ƙasashe da dama ciki har da Birtaniya ba sa yarje wa masu junansu yin aiki cikin zafin rana.

Ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch ta ce a watan Agustan 2020 tsananin zafin rana a Amurka ya haifar da illa kan wasu halittu.

Asusun tallafa wa yawan jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce kashi 20 na ƙasashe 119 da ke son magance matsalolin sauyin yanayi sun bayyana matsalolin masu juna biyu da jaririn da ke cikin shirinsu.

Yayin da zafin rana ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa a duniya, ana ci gaba da aza ayar tambayar, yadda za a yi amfani da abin da binciken ya gano wajen kare masu juna biyu da sauran mutane da ga zafin rana?

Abubuwan da bincikin ya gano

Shaida na ƙara tursasa cewa ana buƙatar ɗaukar mataki, in ji Nathaniel DeNicola, ƙwararre kan lafiyar muhalli a cibiciyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Johns Hopkins a Washington, D.C.

Binciken ya danganta ƙaruwar zafi a lokacin da mace ke da juna biyu na ƙara hatsarin kamuwa da hawan jini da jijjiga, lamarin da ka iya haifar da asarar rai.

Mata masu juna biyu da ke rayuwa cikin matsanancin zafi na iya fuskantar matsalolin zuciya a musamman a kwanakin da take kusa da haihuwa, kuma hakan ka iya haifar musu ciwon suga.

Bitar da aka yi a 2020 na bincike 68 da aka gudanar tsakanin 2007 da 2019, wanda ya nazarci haihuwa miliyan 32.7 a Amurka, ya gano alaƙa tsakanin matsanancin zafi da naƙuda da haihuwa tun kafin lokaci ya yi.

Wani rahoto da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta wallafa a wannan shekara ya nuna ƙaruwar hatsarin haihuwa da wuri zuwa kashi 16%.

Wannan binciken yana da alaƙa da matsalolin da suka ƙunshi farfaɗiya zuwa wasu sauran nakasa.

Bugu da ƙari, an danganta tsananin zafi da yawan zubewar ciki da haihuwar bakwaini.

A cikin wani binciken da aka gudanar kan masu juna biyu fiye da 140,000 a Amurka, masu bincike sun gano ƙaruwar kashi 10 cikin 100 na hatsarin haihuwar bakwaini, a duk lokacin da aka samu ƙarin maki guda a ma'aunin zafi na salshiyos.

“Babbar tambayar a nan ita ce me ya kamata a yi?” in ji Skye Wheeler, babban mai bincike a ƙungiyar 'Human Rights Watch'.

"Duk da cewa binciken kimiyya ne ya tabbatar da waɗanan bayanai, amma duk da haka muna buƙatar ɗaukar matakai domin kauce wa matsalar, don haka me yakamata mu yi?

Mene ne alaƙar binciken da ɗaukar mataki?

Wannan ita ce tambayar da Gloria Maimela, wadda ke jagorantar masu bincike na yanayi da kiwon lafiya a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Haihuwa da HIV ta Jami'ar Witwatersrand a Afirka ta Kudu, ƙasar da tsananin zafi ke janyo ƙaruwar mace-mace.

“Mun shafe lokaci mai yawa muna bayyana matsalar. A yanzu mun matsa don jaddada buƙatar bincike kan lamarin yanzu, "in ji ta.

A halin yanzu Maimela na jagorantar wasu bincike guda biyu a Afirka ta Kudu waɗanda ke gwada nasarar da aka samu a matakai daban-daban don rage haɗarin zafi a rayuwar mata masu juna.

Daya, a birnin Tshwane da ke arewacin ƙasar, inda za a sanya wa wasu mata masu juna biyu da da waɗanda suka haihu wasu ƙananan na'urori a jikinsu domin auna yanayin zafin da ke jikinsu.

Yayin da har yanzu kullum muke ƙara samun ilimi kan illar tsananin zafi ga masu juna biyu, ya kamata mu fara ɗaukar matakai dangane da alkaluman da muke da su, in ji Dakta DeNicola.

“Mun san yadda za mu bayar da shawara, mun san yadda za mu ɗauki mataki, mun san matakan da za mu ɗauka don kauce wa matsalar zafi a wuraren da muke rayuwa'', kamar kauce wa yin aiki cikin tsananin zafin rana da yawaita shan ruwa,'' in ji shi.

To sai dai hakan ba ƙaramin ƙalubale zai kawo ba musamman a wasu ƙasashen Afirka da mata ne ke fita ayyukan gona da sauran ayyuka da ake yi cikin zafin rana.

Mece ce mafita?

Mata masu juna a yankin Afirka - wanda ke ƙara dumama cikin sauri fiye da kowane yanki na duniya cikin shekara 60 - kan fuskanci rayuwa cikin tsananin zafi.

Hatta cikin ƙasashe masu arziki a yankuna masu zafi, akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa na rashin lafiyar da ake samu sakamakon zafi, lamarin da ke jefa mata cikin hatsari.

Wannan ne ya sa Wheeler ya yi amanna cewa masu tsara manufofi suna buƙatar duba matsalar "ta hanyar duba na tsakani kan matslolin haifuwa" - ba kawai a matsayin matsala ga masu juna biyu ba, har ma ga waɗanda ke cikin ƙasashe matalauta da bambancin launin fata.

Don haka, Human Rights Watch ta haɗa gwiwa da doulas waɗanda za su ilimantar da mata masu juna dabarun yadda za su kare kansu daga zafin rana a Miami-Dade, Florida.

Esther McCant, wata mai ba da shawarar kula da mata, wadda kuma ta kafa wata gidauniya da ke tallafa wa masu juna biyu ta ce: "Muna cikin yanayin maras kyau idan ana batun sauyin yanayi da sauran batutuwa masu alaƙa.

Yayin da shaidu ke ƙara bayyana, Sinjanka yana iya bakin ƙoƙarinsa don samar wa matan Keneba yanayin haihuwa mai daɗi da samun kulawa.

"Ina son sanya musu farin ciki a lokacin haihuwa," in ji shi.

A ƙarshe, ya yi imanin cewa bincike haɗe da aiki ne kawai zai taimaka wa marasa lafiya su cimma wannan buri.