IS-K ni umuhari nyabaki, kuki bateye inzu y’ibiteramo i Moscou?

Nubwo Perezida Vladimir Putin n’ibinyamakuru vya reta y’Uburusiya bita impfane kuri Ukraine ku gitero co ku wa gatanu i Moscou catikije inganda, amakuru arambuye ariko agaragara ku bijanye n'umuhari IS-K wiyitirira idini rya Islam wemeza ko ari wo wakoze iki gitero.

IS-K ni iki canke ni ba nde ?

IS-K ni impfunyapfunyo ya Islamic State-Khorasan (mu gifaransa: Etat islamique-Khorasan, mu Kirundi naho Reta ya Kisilamu-Khorasan) – umurwi ufitaniye isano n’umuhari wiyitirira Reta ya Kisilamu (Etat Islamique/Islamic State), ibihugu bitari bike kw’isi bikaba vyawushize ku rutonde rw’imihari y’iterabwoba.

Ikorera cane cane muri Afghanistani, Irani na Pakistani hamwe no muri Aziya yo hagati.

Uno murwi wihaye izina Khorasan kuko ryari mu bigize ingoma ya kisilamu (Califat/Caliphate) kuva muri kahise yashika muri ako karere.

IS-K imaze imyaka icenda ariko kuva mu mezi make aheze yigaragaza nk’ishami rya mbere ry’umuhari Islamic State riteje akaga, rishobora gushika kure kandi rizwi ko ari ruburakigongwe rirangwa n’ubugome burenze urugero.

Hamwe n’ibisigarira vy’uburongozi bw’uno muhari ku rwego rwiyaguye muri Syria na Iraki, IS-K ifise intego yo kwagura ingoma ya Kisilamu igendera kuri Sharia, itegeko rikaze rya Isilamu.

Muri Afghanistani ikora ibitero vya giturumbuka ariko bihitana abatari bake ku bategetsi b’iki gihugu, Abatalibani, IS-K irwanya kubera itumvikana nabwo ku mvo z’amarangamutima.

IS-K yoba yari imaze gukora ibitero imbere y’aha?

Igitero kizwi cane ni ic’ubwiyahuzi yakoze ku kibuga c’indege ca Kabul, umugwa mukuru wa Afghanistani, mu 2021, igihe ingabo za Amerika zariko ziva muri Afghanistani mu kajagari, cahitanye abanya-Afghanistani 170 hamwe n’ingabo za Amerika 13.

Umwaka wakurikiye, yateye ibiro vy’ubuserukizi bw’Uburusiya i Kabul, yica abantu nibura batandatu abandi nabo barakomereka.

Uno murwi warakoze ibitero vy’urudavagi ku kigo c’abavyeyi bibaruka, ku bituro vy’amamodoka yunguruza abantu n’ivy’abapolisi i Kabul.

Muri Nzero (1) uno mwaka, IS-K yakoze ibitero bibiri ku musigiti w’ahitwa Kerman muri Irani, yica abantu hafi ijana.

Mu Burusiya imaze gukora ibitero bito bito bitari bike, icaheruka cari ico mu 2020 – muri uno mwaka na ho, urwego rw’Uburusiya rujejwe igendereza ryo hagati mu gihugu, FSB, rukavuga ko rumaze gutesha integuro zitari nke z’ibitero vy’iterabwoba.

Ni ba nde bateye i Moscou?

Nk’uko bitangazwa n’ibinyamakuru vya reta y’Uburusiya, abagabo bane bafashwe bagashengezwa bose ni aba-Tajik bava mu gihugu ca Tajikistan co muri Aziya yo hagati, kimwe mu vyari bigize icahoze citwa Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti.

Biragaragara neza ko igihe barengutswa muri sentare bakubiswe kandi bafise ibirabagu bari bakubaguwe kugeza n’aho bakorewe iyicarubozo.

Ikibazo kihari ni uko mu mategeko mpuzamakungu, ivyo bemeye bakorewe ibi biba impfagusa – abantu bavuga ikintu ico ari co cose kugira ngo barabe ko borokora igufa, harimwo no kwemera ibitari vyo.

Hari amakuru yagaragaye ko umwe muri aba bagabo yabonetse ariko araneka ahabereye iki gitero mu ntango z’uku kwa gatatu, mu misi Amerika yagabisha Uburusiya ko hari igitero c’iterabwoba cashobora kuba kiriko kirategurwa ahantu hateramira abantu benshi, ariko ico gihe Uburusiya bukaba bwabifashe minenerwe, buvuga ko yari poropagande.

Iyindi nkuru ivuga ko mu bakoze iki gitero, nibura babiri muri bo bari binjiye mu Burusiya vuba, ibi bigasigura ko aba bari bagize “umurwi wari uje gutera” warungitswe na IS-K, aho kuba umurwi w’abanyagihugu basanzwe baba mu gihugu biyoberanije.

Kubera iki yateye Uburusiya?

Imvo ni nyinshi.

IS-K ifata ko isi yose ari umwansi wayo. Uburusiya buri mu bansi ba mbere, hampande ya Reta Zune Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubulaya, Israel, Abayahudi, Abakristu, Abasilamu b’aba-Shia, Abatalibani hamwe n’abategetsi bose b’ibihugu hafi vyose vy’Abasilamu, aba bose bagafatwa ko ari “abahakanyi”.

Urwanko Etat Islamique ifitiye Uburusiya rutangurana n’intambara zo muri Tchétchénie/Chechnya mu myaka ya 1990 no mu ntango y’imyaka ya 2000, igihe ingabo z’Uburusiya zitema zigatongora ku mugwa mukuru wa Tchétchénie, Grozny.

Ubu bwa vuba naho, Uburusiya bwinjiye mu ntambara yo muri Syria gushigikira incuti yabwo, Perezida Bashar al-Assad, kandi igisirikare c’Uburusiya kirwanira mu kirere cacucagiye ibibombe bitagira igitigiri ku birindiro vy’inyeshamba no ku basivire, cica abarwanyi benshi ba Etat Islamique hamwe n’abandi bafitaniye isano na Al-Qaeda.

Muri Afghanistan, IS-K ifata Uburusiya nk’incuti y’Abatalibani, ari naco gituma yateye ibiro vy’ubuserukizi vyabwo i Kabul mu 2022.

Babufitiye kandi inzigo y’akazikira ishingiye ku myaka cumi Abasoviyeti bamaze bifatiye iki gihugu, kuva mu 1979 gushika mu 1989.

Hari kandi n’ingene ibintu vyifashe hagati mu Burusiya ubu.

IS-K ifata cane Uburusiya nk’igihugu gitsimbataye ku bukristu, kandi na videwo yasohowe inyuma y’iki gitero ca Moscou yavuga ko bishe Abakristu.

Abakozi b’aba-Tajik hamwe n’abandi bakozi b’abimukira bava muri Aziya yo hagati rimwe na rimwe barahohoterwa kandi bakikekwa cane na FSB mu gihe iba iriko irondera kuzibira ibitero vy’iterabwoba.

Hanyuma kandi, Uburusiya – igihugu ubu gisamajwe n’intambara yaco mu gihugu kibanyi ca Ukraine – gishobora kuba cabaye akaryo keza kuri IS-K, ikibanza coroshe kuronkamwo ibirwanisho kandi umwansi wayo akaba asamaye.

Ni igiki tutaramenya ku gitero c'i Moscou?

Haracariho ibibazo bitari bike bitararonka inyishu kuri ibi bintu vyabaye.

Nk’akarorero, kubera iki abateye bashoboye gutembera uko bashaka mu kiringo hafi c’isaha mu micungararo ya Crocus Hall baboneka ko basa n’uko ataco bihutira?

Biratangaje ingene mu gihugu abapolisi n’inzego z’umutekano zidasanzwe, cane cane FSB, banyagara hose, ariko aba bantu bateye bashobora kwitwara nk’aho bari bazi ko badashobora guhagarikwa n’igipolisi.

Hari n’ikibazo ku birwanisho bakoresheje – ntitwari udukoho, ahubwo zari inkoho rutura. Bazironse gute bashobora kuzishikaga gute ahabereye iki gitero ata wubaciye n’ikanda?

N’ukungene bafashwe navyo biratangaje.

Mu buryo butandukanye n’abandi barwanyi ba kisilamu mu gitero nk’iki, aba bagabo ntibari bambaye ya majaketi yabo canke imisipi yabo vy’ubwiyahuzi, nk’uko bikunze kuba bimeze ku bandi nk’abo, aho bahitamwo urupfu hako bafatwa.

Hanyuma kandi, ntivyafashe igihe kinini kugira ngo abategetsi b’Uburusiya – ba bandi nyene bananiwe no kuzibira igitero c’iterabwoba ca mbere kibi mu myaka 20 - gufata abikekwa no kubacira imanza.

Ibi vyose biriko bituma abihweza ibintu n’ibindi bibaza ko ari irementanya “ry’imbere mu gihugu “ rya Kremlin, canke “igitero gishingiye ku binyoma” gifise intumbero yo guhimiriza abanyagihugu kugira ngo bashigikire intambara y’igihugu cabo kuri Ukraine.

Ariko ibi nta kintu gikomeye covyemeza kandi n’igendereza rya Amerika riremeza ko, ku mbono yaryo, ari Etat Islamique yakoze iki gitero c’ubugome.