Ranar Mata ta Duniya: Abin da take nufi ga Afirka

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta keɓe 8 ga Maris duk shekara, a matsayin ranar ƴancin mata - da kuma bayyana ƙalubalen da ke gabansu wajen kawo karshen wariyar jinsi a kusan dukkanin ɓangarorin rayuwa.

"Daidaiton jinsi a yau don ɗorewar gobe" shi ne taken da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta zaɓa a bana domin bikin ranar mata ta duniya (IWD).

Me ya sa aka zaɓi wannan taken?

Dr Maxime Houinato, daraktan mata na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a gabashi da kudancin Afirka, ta shaida wa BBC cewa "Ci gaban daidaiton jinsi a lokacin rikicin sauyin yanayi da ƙoƙarin rage hatsarin rage bala'i na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen ƙarni na 21.

"Mata da ƴan mata sun fi fuskantar tasirin sauyin yanayi," in ji ta.

Alƙalumman binciken Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya sun nuna mata da yara sun fi mutuwa a bala'o'i.

"Misali, kashi 95 na mace-mace a Solomon Islands na ambaliya mata ne, kashi 55 na girgizan ƙasa a 2015 a Nepal mata ne, kashi 59 saboda goguwar Idai a 2019 a Malawi mata ne," kamar yadda Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta bayyana a shafinta na intanet.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, bala'o'i masu nasaba da yanayi sun dagula matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.

"A Uganda, misali, hasarar dabbobi da rasa amfanin gona, da rashin wadataccen abinci saboda tsananin fari da mamayewar fari.

An gano cewa yana ƙara sa ɗalibai ƙauracewa makaranta da yana ƙarfafa tilastawa ƴaƴa mata aikin bauta da kuma aurar da yara domin musayar abinci," kamar yadda aka bayyana a maƙala a kamfanin dillancin labarai Inter Press Service da ke mayar da hankali kan ci gaba.

Mene ne asalin ranar mata ta duniya?

Ranar Mata ta duniya IWD ta samo asali ne daga wata ƙungiyar ma'aikata a 1908, daga baya ta samu karɓuwa a hukumance taron shekara-shekara na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya bayan shekara 10, wato a 1975.

A 1908, sama da mata 15,000 suka yi wani tattaki a birnin New York suna neman a rage masu yawan lokacin aiki, da ƙarin albashi da kuma ƴancin ƙuri'a.

Bayan shekara ɗaya jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Amurka ta ayyana ranar mata ta ƙasa karon farko.

'Yar Jamus mai gwagwarmayar ƴancin mata Clara Zetkin ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka tabbatar samuwar ranar mata a Amurka.

Zetkin da wasu mata 100 daga ƙasashe 17 sun haɗu a Copenhagen in 1910 a wani taron duniya na Mata.

Taron ya amince da shawarar Zetkin daga shekara mai zuwa za a yi bikin ranar mata a Austria da Denmark da Jamus da Switzerland.

Ba tsayar da ranar mata ba ta duniya bisa tunanin Zetkin

Bayan tabbatar da ranar bayan bore mata a Rasha a 1917. Matan sun gudanar da zanga-zanga wanda ya kai ga ba mata ƴancin kaɗa ƙuri'a.

Ranar da matan suka yi boren a kalandar Julian da ake amfani a Rasha ita ce Lahadi 23 ga Fabrairu. Ranar ta yi daidai da 8 ga Maris kalandar nasara. Ranar ta kasance hutu a Rasha da wasu ƙasashe da dama.

Afirka fa?

Ranar mata ta duniya ta kasance ranar hutu a ƙasashe bakwai na Afirka. Sun ƙunshi Eritrea, saboda rawar da mata suka taka - a matsayin mayaƙa lokacin gwagwarmayar ƙasar na samun ƴancin kai.

Sauran ƙasashe da suka ayyana 8 ga Maris a matsarin ranar hutu sun hada da Angola da Burkina Faso da Guinea-Bissau da Saliyo da Uganda da Zambia.

A Madagascar rana ce ta hutu kawai ga mata a hukumance.

Wasu ƙasashen Afirka suna da nasu ranar mata - Afirka Ta Kudu na bikin ne a ranar 9 ga Agusta domin karrama mata 20,000 waɗanda suka yi tattaki a ranar a shekarar 1956 domin adawa da gwamnatin fararen fata da ke mulki a lokacin.

Tarayyar Afirka ta ayyana ranar 31 ga watan Yuli a matsayin ranar maya.

Ƙungiyar ta ce manufar ranar shi ne "don amince da kuma tabbatar da" rawar da mata ke takawa wajen "cimma 'yancin siyasa a Afirka da inganta zamantakewa da tattalin arzikin mata a nahiyar".

Ko da yake har yanzu akwai abubuwan da ya kamata a cimma kan daidaiton jinsi, mata sun samu ci gaba a Afirka inda alƙalumma Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya suka nuna cewa Rwanda ta fi yawan mata a majalisa da kashi 61 sai Cuba da Bolivia mai kashi 53 da kuma Daular Larabawa mai kashi 50.

Gabashi da kudancin Afirka sun fi yawan mata a majalisa - kashi 31 a disamban 2020, idan aka kwatanta da matsakaici a duniya kashi 24.5