Gen Tsadkan Gebretensae: Mutumin da ke jagorantar masu yi wa gwamnatin Ethiopia tawaye a yankin Tigray

A karo na biyu cikin rayuwarsa, tsohon janar din sojan ya samu kansa dumu-dumu a yi wa gwamnatin kasar Ethiopia tawaye a yankin Tigray mai tsaunuka, kamar yadda mai sharhi Alex de Waal ya rubuta.

Masu sharhi kan al'amuran tsaro na kasashen duniya suna daukar kwamandan dakarun 'yan tawaye na yankin Tigray, Janar Tsadkan Gebretensae, a matsayin daya daga cikin hazikan sojoji masu iya tsara aiki a zamaninsa a Afirka.

Mai shekaru 68, ya bar karatun digirinsa a fannin kimiyyar halittu a Jami'ar Addis Ababa cikin shekarar 1976 domin shiga kungiyar masu gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin yankin Tigray wato Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). A wancan lokacin tana kunshe da kusan daruruwan mayakan sari-ka-noke a cikin tsaunuka masu nisa suna fafatawa da gwamnati mai bin tsarin Makisanci ta Mengistu Haile Mariam.

Sharhinsa, da tsinkayarsa, da kwarewarsa a fannin tsare-tsare, da kuma nasarar samun goyon bayan da amincewar mayakan ya sa zuwa karshen shekarar 1980, ya kasance wanda kwamandan soji da aka fi girmamawa.

A shekarar 1991, kungiyar TPLF ta zama mai kunshe da gawurtattun sojoji fiye da 100,000 kuma sun hada da na bangarorin kula da kayan yaki.

A cikin watan Mayun shekarar ne Janar Tsadkan - tare da dakarun kasar Eritrea da suka kulla kawance da kungiyar ta TPLF - ta jagoranci kai harin da ya kai ga kwace Addis Ababa babban birnin kasar ta Ethiopia, kana suka hambare gwamnatin Mengistu.

Bayan da mayakan na TPLF suka shiga birnin, sun samar masa da helkwata ta wucin gadi, a wurin saukar baki da ke kusa da otal din Hilton.

A nan ne Janar Tsadkan ya yi barci a kan gado mai shimfida a karon farko cikin shekaru 15. A karkashin jagorancin rundunarsa, 'yan sari-ka-noken sun mayar da doka da oda cikin sauri a babban birnin - sun shiga birnin ne a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu, kuma an biya kudaden fansho da na albashin ma'aikatan gwamnati kwanaki uku bayan nan.

Sumame a kan sansanin kungiyar al-Qaeda

A cikin shekaru bakwai, Janar Tsadkan ya jagoranci sake gina rundunar sojin kasar ta Ethiopian. An ba shi mukamin janar da kuma matsayin hafsan hafsoshi.

A lokacin jagorancin shekara 10 na Janar Tsadkan a matsayin shugaban dakarun tsaro na kasar Ethiopia, tsoffin kwamandojin kungiyar TPLF ne suka mamaye manyan mukamai a rundunar sojin kasar da hakan ya haifar da sukar cewa babu daidaton kabilu a ciki, bayan da kashi 6 bisa dari( 6%) na kabilun yankin Tigray kacal ne a cikin yawan al'ummar kasar.

Janar Tsadkan ya kuma sake komawa kwaleji, inda ya yi karatun digiri a fannin kasuwanci daga nesa a Jami'ar Birtaniya.

Farfesa Graeme Salaman ya tuna da tsohon dalibinsa: "Hazikin Jami'in soja ne fiye da yadda kake tsammani - mai hankali, da lura da sauraro, kuma mai kunya ne a ko da yaushe, yana kuma da haba-haba - amma ko shakka babu gumbar dutsi ce a can cikin sa."

Za a iya cewa an kawo karshen yakin basasa amma kuma yankin Gabashin Afirka ya fada cikin rudani.

Ya aika dakarun da suka kai sumame kan sansanin al-Qaeda da ke Somalia a 1996 sannan ya aika dakaru suka tsallaka zuwa Sudan domin goyon bayan masu adawa da Shugaba Omar al-Bashir.

Kora daga rundunar soja

Abokan tafiyarsa na kungiyar TPLF da kuma Firaiministan wancan lokacin Meles Zenawi sun yi watsi da gargadin da Janar Tsadkan ya yi cewa shugaban kasar Eritrea Isaias Afewerki barazana ne ga kasar Ethiopia.

Amma a lokacin fadan su da kasar ta Eritrea wanda ya barke a shekarar 1998, Janar Tsadkan ya kasance mai tsare-tsare a rundunar sojin kasar ta Ethiopia.

Mummunan fada ne na zubda jini da ya haddasa mutuwar mutane 80,000 daga duka bangarorin biyu. A cikin watan Yunin shekarar 2000 wani farmakin kasar Ethiopia ya fatattaki dakarun da harkokin tsaron Eritrea a kan iyakarta.

JanarTsadkan ya murda kambu wajen kara dannawa ta cikin Asmara babban birnin kasar Eritrea, amma Firaiminista Meles ya yi kiran da aka dakata, inda ya ce burin kasar Ethiopia na yaki ya cika kana kasar Eritrea yanzu ta ja da baya.

Bayan yakin, kawunan 'yayan kungiyar TPLF sun rabu a kan burin yakin da kuma al'amuran siyasa. Mista Meles ya cire Janar Tsadkan a matsayinsa na hafsan hafsoshin soji.

Nan da nan kuma, ya sake cire shi daga kan matsayin da ya fito da shi, kana shugabannin kungiyar suka kore shi, sa'ilin nan kuma jami'an tsaro suka rika sa ido a kan sa, Janar Tsadkan ya yi ta faman ganin yadda zai saba da rayuwarsa a matsayin dan kasa mai zaman kansa..

Ya rubuta rahoto kan yadda sojoji za su iya shawo kan cutar HIV. Hukumar raya kasashe ta Birtaniya ta dauke shi aiki a matsayin wanda zai bai wa sabuwar gwamnatin Sudan ta Kudu shawara kan ayyukan garambauwal a harkokin tsaro - shirin da bai cimma nasara ba wajen gyara tsarin sojijin kasar.

Janar Tsadkan ya kafa masana'antar sarrafa barasa a gundumarsa na Raya a kudancin yankin Tigray, sannan ya fara kasuwancin furanni da kaya marmari.

Nuna wariya ga 'yan yankin Tigray

Ya fuskanci suka daga tsoffin abokan tafiyarsa na kungiyar TPLF lokacin da ya yi maraba da nada Abiy Ahmed a matsayin firaiministan Ethiopia a shekarar 2018 kuma ya ce a shirye yake ya yi aiki tare da shi.

A shekarar 2019 ya shiga wata kungiya mai rajin shiga tsakanin Mista Abiy da shugabannin kungiyar TPLF amma bayan shekara guda ya fice daga ciki, inda ya ce Mista Abiy bai nuna a shirye yake ba.

Nuna wariya ga 'yan yankin Tigray ta karu a birnin Addis Ababa, ya sake komawa Mekelle babban birnin yankin Tigray.

Lokacin da yaki ya barke a Tigray cikin watan Nuwambar bara, ya shiga kungiyar sojojin tawaye, ya manta da takun-sakar da ke tsakaninsu da shugabannin yankin na Tigray.

Matasa sun yi ta tururuwar shiga kungiyar, bayan fargabar da suka shiga na gallazawar da ake yi wa mutanensu. Wasu tsoffin sojoji ma sun shiga ciki, sun kuma hada da wadanda suka balle daga kungiyar ta TPLF shekaru da suka gabata.

A bangarenta, gwamnatin kasar Ethiopia ta fitar da takardar cafke Janar Tsdakan da auran shugabannin yankin Tigraya. Ta zarge su da aikata laifin cin amanar kasa, tana mai cewa sun fara yaki ta hanyar kitsa kai hari a kan sansanonin soji a yankin Tigray.

Gagarumar nasara da rundunar sojan ta samu

An kafa kungiyar dakarun 'yan tawayen a karkashin tutar dakarun tsaron yankin Tigray wato Tigray Defence Forces (TDF), wacce ta hada da 'yan kungiyar TPLF da wadanda ba 'yayan kungiyar ba

An kara wa Janar Tsadkan matsayi a babbar rundunar kuma ya fara gudanar da aikinsa kan harkokin rundunar sojin.

A cikin watan Janairu, ya ce: "Muna cin kasa." Suna guje-guje, makale a cikin wurare masu tsaunuka a kudancin yankin Tigray, akasarin matasansu mayaka babu takalma a kafafunsu, dauke da makaman da za su iya rikewa a hannu kadai.

Amma duk da haka suka iya ficewa daga kawanyar da aka yi jusu, tare da bai wa dakarun Ethiopian da na Eritrea mamaki da girman mayar da martanin harin da suke kai wa. Janar Tsadkan ba zai iya bayyana ko mayakan TDF nawa ne aka hallaka ko jikkata ba.

Har ya zuwa tsawon watanni hudu suna gudanar da atisaye, suna shiryawa tare da yaki a lokaci guda har sai da a watan Mayu Janar Tsadkan da sauran kwamandoji suka kididdige cewa sun samu galabar.

Karin wasu rahotanni kan rikicin Tigray:

Makonni uku da sukagabata, kungiyar G7 ta yi kira ga tsagaita wutar kai agajin jin-kai a yankin Tigray. kungiyar TPLF ta fitar da sanarwa tana cewa a shirye ta ke ta raba kayan agaji - kuma bata ambaci batun yarjejeniya ba.

Daga nan kuma a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni kungiyar TDF ta yi wani yunkuri. Ta bayyana cewa a jerin fafatawar ta sake kwace wani yanki kana ta fatattaki rundnoni hudu na sojojin Ethiopia - rabin karbin sojinta. Rundunar sojin Ethiopia ta yi watsi da ikirarin da cewa ''kanzon kurege ne''.

Har yanzu manema labarai ba su ziyarci fagen yakin ba ko kuma hira da fursunonin yaki don tabbatar da wadannan ikirari.

Fargabar fada da kasar Eritrea

Dakarun TDF sun shiga birnin Mekelle, kuma dakarun gwamnatin Ethiopia sun tsere - suna ayyana tsagaita wuta.

Dakarun TDF na da babban rumbun ajiyar makaman da suka kama, yanzu tana fuskantar dakarun Eritrea da suka shiga fadan a cikin watan Nuwamba a bangaren rundunar sojin Ethiopia.

Babbar abokiyar gaba ce kuma suna da dakaru da yawa. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa ta bar biraen da ta mamaye a arewacin Tigray kuma ta shirya fafatwa a kusa da kan iyaka.

Shugaban kasar Eritrea Isaias na fuskantar tsakamai wuya na yanke shawarar janyewa daga arewacin kan iyakar ko kuma cigaba da fadan.

Da alamu wani mummunan yakin zai iya barkewa.

Alex de Waal is the executive director of the World Peace Foundation at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in the US.