Babbar tambaya game da gidan yarin Auschwitz da ke buƙatar amsa

Wani ƙudurin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta shekarar 2005 ya ayyana ranar 27 ga Janairu a matsayin ranar tunawa da kisan kiyashin Yahudawa wato Holocaust.

Amma yadda ake tunawa da Holocaust ya sauya cikin shekaru da dama zuwa yanzu - kuma kimanin shekara 80 bayan haka- yanayin labarin ya kasance wanda har yanzu ba a kammala ba.

"Ƙaunataccen yaro," haka aka fara wata gajeriyar wasiƙa da aka rubuta da hannu a shekarar 1942, "Na yi farin ciki da saƙonka na watan Mayu. Ina cikin ƙoshin lafiya. Ina fatan zan iya ci gaba da kasancewa a nan domin in sake ganin ku. Ina da kaykkyawan fatar hakan. Ina tsammanin wasiƙarka. Gaisuwa mai yawa, mahaifinka ."

Wasiƙar na ɗaya daga cikin dubban takardu da ke ɗakin karatun tunawa da Holocaust na Wiener da ke birnin Landon, ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren tarihi na Holocaust a duniya.

Bayahuden da ya rubuta wasiƙar ana kiransa Alfred Josephs, kuma ya aika wa matashin ɗansa ne mai suna Wolfgang, wanda ya tsere da mahaifiyarsa zuwa Ingila.

An kama Alfred kuma ana tsare da shi a sansanin Westerbork da ke ƙasar Netherlands.

Ya kasance, a lokacin, yana iya isar da gajerun saƙonni ta hannun ƙungiyar Red Cross.

Abin da Alfred bai sani ba, shi ne Westerbork wani sansani ne wanda za a kai fursunonin zuwa Auschwitz. Wolfgang ba zai sake jin ɗuriyar mahaifinsa ba.

Da farko, Jamusawa sun yi amfani da Auschwitz wajen ajiye fursunonin yaƙi na Poland.

Bayan da Jamusawan Nazi suka kai wa Tarayyar Soviet hari, ta zama sansanin aiki, inda fursunoni da yawa suka aikatu har suka mutu. Nazi sun kira wannan "kisa ta hanyar aiki".

Amma abin da ya zama a shekara ta 1942 shi ne Auschwitz ɗin da muke tunawa da shi, wanda shi ne wani sansani na kisan gilla, wanda babban manufarsa shi ne kisan kai.

Bidiyo da sojojin ƙawance suka naɗa bayan ƴantar da ƙasashen Turai sun nuna yadda sojojin Jamus suka tilasta wa Jamusawa fararen hula ziyartar sansanonin.

"An ɗan tazarar tafiya kaɗan ne daga kowane birni na Jamus zuwa sansani mafi kusa." in ji muryar da aka ɗauwrawa bidiyon. Kyamarar ta nuna Jamusawa cikin annashuwa, suna dariya da hira yayin da suke kan hanyarsu ta zuwa sansanin .

Suna wuce gawarwakin, da tarin ramammun maza da mata, da maza da mata wadanda watakila ma makwabta su ne, ko abokan aikinsu, ko abokansu a baya. Kyamarar da ta ɗauki annashuwarsu, kafin su shiga sansanonin yanzu ya ɗauko tashin hankalinsu.

Tashin hankali ya bayyana a fuskokinsu. Wasu na kuka, wasu na girgiza kai, suna ninke hankici a fuskokinsu suna kallon nesa.

Nahiyar Turai da ta bayyana bayan yaƙi, ta kalli wannan lamarin kuma ta amince da matuƙar tashin hankalin da ke cikinta.

Amma wane irin kallo ne ƙasashen Turai suka yi wa waɗanda suka aikata wannan mummunan aikin?

Idan muka yi maganar kisan gillar da aka aikata, ba kawai muna nufin girmansa ba ne kaɗai, kodayake yana da yawa.

Waɗannan bidiyon sun nuna ƙosassun masu gadi na Nazi, maza da mata, da ke hannun sojojin haɗin gwiwa.

Wata irin taɓarɓarewa ce ta mayar da wannan tashin hankali ya zama ƙarɓaɓɓen al'ada ga Nazi ɗin da ke gudanar da waɗannan sansanonin, al'adar da ta sanya kisan gilla ya zama kamar aikin yau da kullum a garesu?

Wannan tambaya ce da aka taɓo ta a da, amma ko a yanzu, shekara 80 bayan ƴantar da gidan yarin Auschwitz, har yanzu ba a yi mata cikakkiyar fahimta ba.

Juya wa muhimmiyar tambaya baya

Shekaru bayan yaƙin, hankalin jama'a ya karkata daga wannan tambaya, amma kuma ya kauce wa ƙoƙarin fahimtar tambayar abin da ya faru gaba-gaɗi.

Kodayake an hukunta wasu ƴan ƙungiyar Nazi bisa aikata laifin yaƙi, sabon fifiko, a cikin Turai da yaƙin cacar baki ya raba, shi ne mayar da Jamus ta Yamma ta zama aminiyar dimokraɗiyya.

Holocaust ya kusan ɓacewa daga tunanin jama'a, a yawancin ƙasashen yammacin duniya. Al'ummar da ta bayyana bayan yaƙi ta so ta buɗe sabon babi bayan yaƙin. A cikin al'adun zamani, a Birtaniya, alal misali, an fi sha'awar labarun da suka ƙunshi biki da kuma murna.

"Al'adun tunawa da yaƙin duniya na biyu suna jaddada jaruntaka," in ji Dokta Toby Simpson, daraktan ɗakin karatu na Wiener Holocaust. "An ba da fifiko kan dirar dakaru a Normandy, alal misali.

"Kuma babu batun jaruntaka a cikin labarun da waɗanda suka tsira suke so su bayar da suka haɗa da yadda aka wulaƙanta su aka zubar masu da mutunuci, aka ƙwace masu duk wani zaɓi da suke da shi a rayuwarsu. An mayar da su kaman ba ƴan'adam ba."

Wani wanda ya tsira ɗan ƙasar Italiya, Primo Levi, ya rubuta tarihinsa na Auschwitz 'If This Is A Man', jim kaɗan bayan yaƙin.

Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin dubban mutanen da suka rage a Auschwitz lokacin da sojojin Soviet suka isa ranar 27 ga Janairun 1945.

An tilasta wa yawancin fursunoni yin tattaki zuwa yamma, zuwa Jamus, a cikin yanayin sanyi mai tsanani.

Da yawa sun mutu a hanya sakamakon jigatar da suka riga suka yi yayin zamansu a sansanin.

'Ba a gafarta ba kuma ba a manta ba'

A yanzu, ana ɗaukar littafin nasa a matsayin ƙwararren shaida na tsira kuma ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan tunawa na da wannan zamanin baki ɗayanta.

Amma a shekara ta 1947, Primo Levi sha wahalar samun wanda zai wallafa littafin har ma a ƙasarsa ta Italiya.

A ƙarshe, wani ɗan ƙaramin mawallafi mai zaman kansa a birnin Turin ne ya wallafa kwafi 2,500.

Ya sayar da kwafi 1,500 sannan ya yi ɓatan dabo.

"Littafin Primo Levi bai yi kasuwa ba saboda ya yi saurin fitowa kuma saboda ya kasance babban marubuci, amsar da ya bayar ba ta jaruntaka ba ce," in ji Jay Winter, farfesan tarihi a Jami'ar Yale. An kashe da yawa daga cikin dangin mahaifiyar Farfesa Winter a cikin Holocaust.

Farfesa David Feldman na Jami'ar Birkbeck da ke Landan ya ce: "An yi bikin tunawa da kisan kiyashin a shekarun 1950, amma wani abu ne da Yahudawa da kansu suka yi, a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi.

"Waɗannan lokuta ne na makoki fiye da tunawa. Tunanin da muke da shi a yanzu, na tunawa, cewa ko ta yaya akwai darussan da za a koya daga Holocaust, bai zama ruwan dare ba a lokacin".

Sauyin halayya cikin al'adu

Sai a shekarunn1960 ne hankali ya karkato kan lamarin na Holocaust.

Lokacin da jami'an Isra'ila suka kama Adolf Eichmann, babban jigo na waɗanda suka jagoranci kisan gillar, sun gurfanar da shi a gaban ƙuliya a birnin Ƙudus, kuma suka watsa shari'ar ta talabijin.

Yanzu, tunawa da Holocaust ya fara kai wa ga al'umma.

Ta hanyar shari'ar Eichmann, sabuwar hanyar sadarwa ta talabijin ta kawo shaidar waɗanda suka tsira a har zuwa ɗakunan mutane da ke yammacin duniya.

Ya zo daidai, da lokacin da tunanin jama'a ya fara sauyawa kan yaƙi. Waɗanda aka haifa bayan yaƙin duniya na biyu sun fara girma a cikin 1960s.

"Zan iya cewa shari'ar Eichmann ta kuma kawo masu aikata laifuka har cikin daƙunan mutane," in ji Farfesa Feldman.

"Shaidar waɗanda suka tsira da kuma girmama su ya kasance ginshiƙi ga tunawa da Holocaust wanda ya zo daga baya.

Ya samu ci gaba a hankali a shekarun 1960, a shekarun 1990 ya kammala tsayawa da kafafunsa."

Labarin Holocaust - daga ƙarshe - ya ɗauki matsayinsa a cikin tunanin al'umma baki ɗaya.

Daga shekarun 1960 zuwa gaba, littafin Levi ya samu karɓuwa a duniya.

Mahaifin Anne Frank Otto shi ma ya sha wahala, a shekarun farko bayan yaƙi, don nemo mawallafin littafin ƴarsa. Ya zuwa yanzu ya sayar da kimanin kwafi miliyan 30.

Me ya faru da Alfred Josephs?

Ga Wolfgang Josephs, har zuwa ƙarshen Agustan 1946, bai cire ran cewa zai sami mahaifinsa a raye a ba.

Ya sami wasiƙa daga ƙungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta Burtaniya. Inda aka sanar da shi, cikin baƙin ciki, cewa jami'an Red Cross a Turai sun binciki jerin sunayen waɗanda suka tsira, kuma babu sunan mahaifinsa a ciki.

Wolfgang ya sauya sunansa zuwa Peter Johnson kuma ya koma zama a Burtaniya, a daidai lokacin da wasu ƴan tsiraru a yammacin duniya ke son jin labarin waɗanda suka shaida, ko kuma suka tsira, daga Holocaust.

"Ina ganin tunawa da Holocaust ya fi mahimmanci a yanzu," in ji Dokta Simpson, "saboda ya faru a irin wannan lokaci na tsananin ƙiyayya, don haka har yanzu akwai buƙatar bayyana wannan lamarin da ya shafi nahiyar baki ɗaya, inda aka kashe Yahudawa miliyan shida."

Haka nan ma har yanzu akwai buƙatar a fahimci cikakkiya manufar waɗanda suka aikata wannan abu - da kuma yanayin taɓarɓarewar ɗabi'un da ya janyo hakan ya faru.