Rayuwa a biranen Mali da ƴan bindiga suka yi wa ƙawanya

Mutanen da ke zaune a biranen Mali, waɗanda 'yan ta-da-ƙayar-baya masu alaƙa da ƙungiyar al-Qaeda suka yi wa ƙofar-rago, sun faɗa wa BBC cewa suna fuskantar ƙarancin abinci da man fetur da magunguna, yayin da farashi cikin sauri yake tashi.

Ƙawanyar da aka yi wa biranen ta zo ne daidai lokacin da faɗa ya rincaɓe tsakanin dakarun sojin Mali, waɗanda ke samun goyon baya daga sojojin hayar Rasha na kamfanin Wagner, da ƙungiyoyin mayaƙa masu iƙirarin jihadi da kuma Azbinawa 'yan a-ware.

Kusan wata biyu kenan, mayaƙan ƙungiyar Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) gaba ɗaya suke ƙoƙarin datse birnin tarihi na Timbuktu a arewaci, inda suka hana kayan masarufi shiga.

"Gomman motocin ɗaukar kaya maƙare da abinci da sauran kayan masarufi ne suka saba shiga birnin a kullum, amma yanzu, bayan ƙawanyar da mayaƙan suka yi, babu abin da ke zuwa," a cewar Omar Sidi Muhammad, wanda ke zaune a birnin kuma yana aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida.

Ana kai mafi yawan kayan masarufi birnin Timbuktu ne daga Mauritania da kuma Algeria.

"Farashin kayan abinci da ke zuwa daga maƙwabtan ƙasashe ya ninka," in ji Omar Muhammad, ya ƙara da cewa lamarin ya shafi kayan amfanin yau da kullum kamar sukari da fulawa da man girki da madarar jarirai.

"Akwai ma ƙarancin man fetur sannan farashinsa ya tashi da kashi 80 cikin 100."

Hare-haren rokoki da 'yan ta-da-ƙayar-baya suka ƙaddamar ya auka wa birnin.

"Mutane sun tsorata kuma sun fara jin mugun tsoro, har ma sun shiga tsananin firgici bayan abubuwan da suka faru a baya-bayan nan," ya ƙara da cewa.

"Saboda hatsarin da ake ciki, dubban mutane sai da tsere."

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta yi ƙiyasin cewa mutum 33,000 ne suka tsere.

Timbuktu wanda Azbinawa 'yan tawaye suka mamaye bayan wani yamutsin da 'yan a-ware suka yi a 2012, cikin sauri ƙungiyoyin mayaƙa masu alaƙa da al-Qaeda sun fatattake su, inda suka shimfiɗa tsauraran dokokin shari'ar Musulunci a kan birnin wanda ake tilasta wa mata su hijabin da zai rufe dukkan fuska, tare da haramta kaɗe-kaɗe, da yanke gaɓoɓin jikin masu aikata laifi. Akwai ma'auratan da aka jefe har suka mutu saboda aikata zina.

Don haka mutane suna tsoron komawa irin wannan rayuwa matuƙar mayaƙan JNIM suka yi nasarar ƙwace birnin.

Bayan kwashe shekara a ƙarƙashin mulkin masu iƙirarin jihadi, dakarun gwamnatin Mali da goyon bayan sojojin Faransa, sun sake ƙwato birnin. Sai dai waɗannan dakaru na Faransa sun bar ƙasar tun bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a 2021, kuma ita ma rundunar kwantar da zaman lafiya ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana janyewa.

Gao, birni mafi girma a arewacin Mali, da ke da nisan kilomita 320 gabas da Timbuktu, shi ma mayaƙan JNIM na yi masa ƙawanya.

Ƙungiyar 'yan ta-da-ƙayar-bayan ta ƙanƙame iko a makon da ya wuce, a inda wani mazaunin birnin da ba ya so a ambaci sunansa, ya shaida wa BBC rashin man fetur yana durƙusar da harkar samar da lantarki a Gao.

Gidaje a yanzu na samun lantarki na tsawon sa'a ɗaya ne kawai a rana.

"Mutane suna cikin tsoro saboda yaƙi," mutumin ya ce. "Ba sa farin ciki da tashin farashin abinci," in ji shi, ya ƙara da cewa farashin kayayyaki ya ninka.

"Akwai adadin iyalai masu yawa da suka fice daga birnin."

Harkokin tattalin arziƙin birnin akasari sun ta'allaƙa ne a kan hada-hada da maƙwabtan ƙasashe kamar Nijar da Aljeriya, amma matakan ƙungiyar JNIM sun sa 'yan kasuwa da dama sun bar birnin, abin da ya haddasa ɗaukewar ƙafa a kan tituna.

'Shirin yaƙi'

Ƙawanyar da aka yi wa biranen biyu ta zo a lokacin da mayaƙa masu gaba da juna a Mali suke rige-rigen maye gurbin da aka samu sanadin ficewar dakarun ƙasashen duniya.

A watan Yuni ne Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta sanar da kawo ƙarshen aikinta kuma ta ce dakarunta sannu a hankali za su bar ƙasar a watan Disamba, bayan shugabannin mulkin soja a Mali sun ƙi tsawaita zaman dakarun.

Wannan ya janyo duka, da dakarun gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin Azbinawa 'yan a-ware suka lashi takobin mamaye sansanonin rundunar Majalisar Duniya, waɗanda ke arewacin ƙasar, yankin da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Azbinawa tun yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta 2015.

An fara gwabza faɗa a watan Agusta don samun iko da wani fili na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a garin Ber, kuma abu ya ƙazanta tun daga sannan.

Mayaƙan JNIM su ma sun yi amfani da hargitsin da ake ciki inda suka ƙaddamar da hare-hare a kan dakarun gwamnati.

Ƙungiyoyin Azbinawa sun ce sun kai hari kan sansanonin dakarun gwamnati guda biyar kuma a wasu saƙonni da suka wallafa a shafukan sada zumunta cikin watan jiya, suna yunƙurin karɓe iko ne da ɗaukacin arewacin Mali, inda suke son kafa wata ƙasa mai 'yancin cin gashin kanta da ake kira, Azawad.

A lokaci guda kuma, sojojin gwamnati sun ci alwashin sake ƙwace iko da ɗaukacin faɗin ƙasar, kuma a ranar Litinin sun tura wata babbar kwambar sojoji zuwa Kidal, wani gari a arewa, wadda shi ne babbar tungar Azbinawa.

"Muna ɗaukar tabbatar da tsaro a gaba ɗayan ƙasar a matsayin wani lamari mai matuƙar fifiko," Kanal Malick Diaw, wani babban ƙusa a cikin shugabannin mulkin sojin ƙasar, ya faɗa wa majalisar dokoki ta riƙon ƙwarya a farkon wannan wata.

"Muna aiki tare da (rundunar soji) don karɓo ƙasarmu, wadda tun daɗewa take ƙarƙashin mamayen gungu-gungu na gidahumai marasa imani ko sanin doka balle addini - waɗanda burinsu kawai shi ne su jefa mutanen da ba su ji ba, ba su gani ba, masu ƙudurin su zauna su rayu cikin zaman lafiya - a wahala da halaka.

Mohamed Mouloude Ramadan, wani mai magana da yawun gamayyar ƙungiyoyin Azbinawa da ake kira CMA, ya faɗa wa BBC cewa: "Za mu dakatar da su, mun shafe tsawon lokaci muna shiri a kan haka."

"Za mu kawo ƙarin mayaƙa da suka shirya don wannan yaƙi."

Rikicin Sahel

Rikicin yana barazanar bazuwa zuwa wajen Mali da kuma zuwa faɗin yankin Sahel na Afirka, yayin da duk ɓangarorin biyu da gwamnati da Azbinawa 'yan tawaye suke kira don samun tallafin ƙasashen duniya.

Ƙungiyoyin Azbinawa a Libya da Algeria da Nijar sun bayyana goyon bayansu ga 'yan a-waren na ƙasar Mali, har ma wani jagoran 'yan tawaye a Nijar ya yi kira ga mayaƙa "su haɗu da su a fagen daga".

Ben Bella, wani shugaban ƙawancen ƙungiyar CMA ta Azbinawa, ya faɗa wa BBC cewa: "Bayan wannan jerin sanarwa, mayaƙa daga Nijar da Aljeriya da Libya za su zo don mara mana baya a yaƙin nan."

"Wannan ƙawance zai tunkari ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa iko da Rasha ke yi a yankin, ta hanyar gwamnatocin juyin mulki a Mali da Nijar da kuma Burkina Faso."

Mako uku da ya wuce, shugabannin mulkin soja a Mali sun sa hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsaro da Burkina Faso da kuma Nijar, inda kowaccensu ta yi alƙawarin taimaka wa 'yar'uwarta a kan 'yan tawaye masu gwagwarmaya da makamai ko kuma idan an kai mata hari daga ƙetare.

Matakin ya zo ne bayan wata barazana da sauran ƙasashen Afrika ta Yamma suka yi na amfani da dakarun soji, wajen mayar da Nijar kan tafarkin mulkin farar hula.

Duka ƙasashen uku na ƙarƙashin mulkin sojoji ne, bayan juye-juyen mulkin da aka samu a cikin shekara ukun da ta wuce.

Lamarin ya janyo dakarun sojin Faransa, da ke samar da taimakon tsaro a kan 'yan ta-da-ƙayar-baya masu iƙirarin jihadi da ke haɓaka a ƙasashe makwabtan junan uku, suka fice daga Mali da Burkina Faso, da kuma shirin fita daga Nijar.

Mali dai tuni ta tunkari ƙungiyar sojojin hayar Wagner ta Rasha don samun taimakon ayyukan soji, kuma akwai raɗe-raɗin cewa Nijar da Burkina Faso ma za su bi sawunta.

Dr Alex Vines, daraktan shirin Afirka a cibiyar ƙwararrun masu ba da shawarwari ta Chatham House, ya ce da Nijar, da kuma musamman ma Burkina Faso, waɗanda ke fama da nasu matsalolin tsaro a cikin gida, babu yiwuwar za su iya taimaka wa dakarun sojin Mali.

"Abin da ƙawancen nan ba zai iya yi ba shi ne samar da taimakon sojoji ga junansu," ya ce.

Ya ƙara da cewa sojojin hayar Wagner su ma babu alamun za su iya cike giɓin da dakarun Faransa suka bari kuma ganin cewa "Rasha ita ma tana fama da kanta kuma su ma al'amura sun sha kansu, la'akari da ganin sun ba da himma can a wani ɓangare musamman ma wajen yaƙi da Ukraine".

Dr Vines ya yi gargaɗin cewa gaza shawo kan rikici a arewacin Mali "zai raunana shugabannin mulkin soja a Bamako " kuma akwai yiwuwar samun wani juyin mulkin "matuƙar shugabannin mulkin soja suka kasa magance ƙalubalen tsaron da yanzu suke fuskanta".