HTS: Ko ya kamata duniya ta amince da ƙungiyar da ta ƙwace mulkin Syria?

A makon da ya gabata, lokacin da jagoran ƴan tawayen Syria, Ahmed al-Sharaa (wanda a baya ake kira Abu Mohammed al-Jolani) ya ke rangadi Damascus, wata mata ta tunkare shi inda ta nemi ya bata dama ta ɗauki hoto da shi. Cikin hikima ya nemi ta rufe gashin kanta sosai kafin ɗaukar hoton.

Al'amarin ya janyo zazzafar muhawara a tsakanin ma'abota shafukan sada zumunta a duniyar Larabawa, da ma kafafen yaɗa labarai.

Abin da ya faru ba wani babban al'amari ba ne, amma ya yaɗu saboda ya shafi sabbin shugabannin Syria na ƙungiyar Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) - waɗanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Amurka da tarayyar Turai da kuma Birtaniya suka ayyana a matsayin ƙungiyar ƴan ta'adda.

A gefe guda akwai masu sassaucin ra'ayi da ke kallon lamarin da sauƙi, sannan akwai kuma sauran ƴan Syria masu tsatsauran ra'ayi da kuma ƙasashen duniya da ke kallon matakin umartar matar ta rufe gashin nata a matsayin abin da zai faru a ƙasar nan gaba a ƙarƙashin HTS, kuma suna bayyana damuwa cewa za a ci gaba da aiwatar da dokoki masu tsauri da za su tilastawa mata rufe jikin su.

Akwai kuma rukunin masu sukar al-Sharaa saboda ya ɗauki hoto da wata matar da bata rufe jikinta ba, lamarin da suka jajirce cewa ya saɓa dokokin addini.

Wannan batu yana da tasiri sosai a kan ƴan tawayen na Syria, kuma zai iya tunzura masu adawa a kan salon jagorancin al-Sharaa.

HTS tana fama da ƙalubalen neman samar da daidaito a kan yadda ƙasashen duniya ke fatan su kasance, da kuma tafiyar da irin tsarin da ƴan Syria masu neman kare addini da al'ada ke fatan su tafiyar da ƙasar. Dukkan ɓangarorin dai suna bibiyar ayyukan ƙungiyar HTS cikin tsanaki.

Yadda ƙungiyar za ta tsallake halin da take ciki yana da muhimmanci sosai a ƙoƙarin ta na ci gaba da riƙo da iko a Syria.

A saƙonsa, ya mayar da hankali ne a kan yadda za a inganta alaƙa tsakanin al'ummar Syria masu banbanci da juna da yin yafiya ga tsaffin jami'an soji da samar da hanyar daƙile ramuwa a kan jami'an tsohuwar gwamnati da kuma amfani da kalaman hikima da diflomasiyya wajen huɗɗa da ƙasashen duniya masu alaƙa da Syrian irin su Isra'ila da Amurka da Iran da kuma Rasha.

Cikin hikima, sakon nasa bai ɗauki kalamai na barazana ba, a madadin haka sai ya karkata ga shirin kawo hanyar sasanci da sake gina ƙasa, a wani mataki na kawar da ƴan adawa da kuma neman ƙasashen duniya su cire ƙungiyar HTS da al-Sharaa daga jerin ƴan ta'addan duinya.

Rashin kwanciyar hankali

Har yanzu babbu tabbacin ko matsayar al-Sharaa ta yin jagoranci cikin sassauci wata alama ce ta sauyin aƙida daga ƙungiyar ko kuma wani salo ne na neman karɓuwa domin ci gba da riƙe madafun iko, kafin daga baya ya fara aiwatar da dokokin adini masu tsauri.

Tuni dai matakin nasa ya janyo halin rashin tabbas a tsakanin manyan Syria, waɗanda suka haƙiƙance cewa a gudanar da gwamnati a bisa tsarin dokokin addini kuma a bisa tafarkin mabiya sunna.

Mabiya sunna ne suka fi yawa a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ƙasar Syria, amma duk da haka akwai ƙananan ƙungiyoyi ciki harda ta Shi'a, wadda tsohon shugaban ƙasar Bashar al-Assad ke ciki, da Kurdawa da kiristoci da Druze da kuma Turkawa.

Ko da kuwa jagororin HTS da gaske suke yi wajen tafiyar da gwamnati a bisa sassaucin aƙida, alamu na nuna cewa akwai ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da suka taimaka wajen kawar da gwamnatin da ta gabata, waɗanda kuma ba za su taɓa yarda a gudanar da wani tsarin gwamnati ba face gwamnatin Islama. Idan kuma HTS ta ƙi amincewa da hakan, da alama za a kai ga yin fito na fito tsakanin su d waɗannan ƙungiyoyi.

Sai dai wannan ba wani sabon ƙalubale bane ga HTS.

Daga IS zuwa al-Qaeda, yanzu kuma HTS

Tsawon shekaru, ƙungiyar da a baya aka sani da al-Nusra, wadda ta yi ƙaurin suna wajen iƙirarin jihadi ta tsallake matakan sauyi kala daban-daban.

HTS ta sauya daga ƙungiya mai iƙirarin jihadi da ke cikin IS a 2011 zuwa 2012 zuwa ƙungiya mai alaƙa da al-Qaeda, har ta zama ƙungiya mai cikakken iko a 2016

Ta ƙara samun ƙarfin iko a yankin Idlib a Arewa maso yammacin Syria tun a 2017, inda take tafiyar da gwamnatin farar hula kuma rahotanni na cewa sun cimma nasarar hakan ba tare da wata alaƙa da ƙungiyoyi masu iƙirarin jihadi ba.

Yayin da tsaffin ƙawayen ta, irin su al-Qaeda da IS ke fuskantar hare-hare daga gamayayyar da Amurka ke jagoranta, al-Sharaa na gudanar da ayyukan sa cikin ƴanci a Idlib.

Duk da ladar $10m (£7.8m) da Amurka ta sanya kan duk wanda ya kamo mata shi, yana ci gaba ta fita fili yana halartar taruka cikin karramawa.

Amma masu sukar al-Sharaa suna zargin sa da zaman ɗan siyasa mai yaudara wanda zai iya yin watsi da tanadin aƙida wajen neman cika muradun kansa da kuma neman ɗaukaka ƙungiyarsa ta HTS.

Yadda ƴan tawaye suka samu karɓuwa a zukatan mutane

HTS ta yi nasarar kama Idlib ta hanyar samun karɓuwa cikin zukatan al'ummar yankin ta hanyar wanzar da daidaituwa da bunƙasa yankin.

Ƙungiyar ta canza salo daga neman aiwatar da muradunta na jihadi zuwa nayar da hankali ga yadda za a kawar da gwamnatin Bashar al-Assad da kuma sabon salon sassaucin aƙida.

A 2017, HTS ta kafa ƙungiyar farar hula da ke tafiyar da gwamnati a Idlib, wadda ta sanya wa suna 'Syrian Salvation Government (SSG).' Manufar hakan shi ne nuna wa duniya cewa HTS za ta iya tafiyar da mulki da kuma wanzar da daidaito. Ana kuma ganin cewa ta yi hakan ne d nufin cire tsoro a zukatan mutane game da tunanin koza ta ɗauki salo irin na ƙungiyar IS mai amfani da ƙarfin gaske wajen gudanar da mulki.

SSG ta gudanar da gwamnati a matsayi wata ƙaramar ƙasa mai firaiminista da ma'aikatu da ƙananan hukumomi masu gudanar da harkokin da suka shafi ilimi da kiwon lafiya da kuma tsare dokokin addini. Ta kuma kafa tsarin aikin soji da na ƴan sanda mai kyau, inda aka riƙa yin taron yaye hafsoshi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, kuma al-Sharaa yana halarta.

Gwamnatin tariƙa bayyana irin nasarorin da ta samu a fannoni da dama, kuma a gefe guda tana nuni da yadda rashawa ta yi katutu a yankunan da gwamnatin Syria ke jagoranta da ma yankunan da sauran ƙungiyoyi ke mulki. Sau biyu al-Sharaa yana halartar taron bikin baje kolin littafai na Idlib har ma yana yin jawabi a wajen.

Amma HTS ta fuskanci ƙalubalai a Idlib, kuma mulkinta bai zamo mulkin da za a ce bai yi fama da matsaloli ba.

Kafin ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba ƴan tawayen HTS sun ci karo da zanga-zanagr ƙin jini, musamman daga mutanen da basu son salon jagorancin al-Sharaa. Masu zanga-zangar sun zargi HTS da ɓatar da mutane da kuma tsare ƴan adawa a gidan yari.

Ƙiyayya tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ƴan tawaye

Kafin wannan lokacin rikici a tsakanin ƴan adawar Syria ya kasance kodai rashin fahimta ne ko a samu ɓallewar wani ɓangare ko kuma jayayya a tsakanin masu neman kafa madafan iko a wani yanki da kuma jayayya a game da aƙidar addini.

Wannan jayayya da aka shafe shekaru ana yi tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ya san sun kasa haɗa kai domin cin nasara a yaƙin da suke yi da Assad.

Sabon salon haɗin kan da aka samu tsakanin ƴan tawayen, wanda ya kai ga hamɓarar da gwamnatin Assad ya zamo wani abin mamaki, kuma ana ganin cewa ba abu ne mai ɗaurewa ba saboda har yanzu akwai rashin jituwa a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin.

HTS ta daɗe tana rikici da manyan ƙungiyoyin ƴan tawayen Syria da suka haɗa da SNA mai samun goyon bayan Turkiyya. SNA ta mayar da hankali wajen neman mamaye yankin arewacin ƙasar mai iyaka da Turkiyya.

Babu tabbacin ko ƙungiyoyin biyu sun cimma matsaya a kan yadda za su tafiyar da yankin, musamman a yanzu da HTS ke neman haɗa kan jama'a a ƙarƙashin jagorancin ta.

Har yanzu IS tana da ƙarfi a Syria, kuma ta soki gwamnatin HTS wadda ta ce ta kafu ta haɗaka da maciya amana.

IS tana fatan dannawa Haska, wajen da ake tsare da mayaƙanta da dama a gidan yari, kuma waɗanda samun ƴancin su zai ƙara wa ƙungiyar ta IS ƙarfi sosai.

Neman kama madafun iko

A lokacin da CNN ta tambayi al-Sharaa ko HTS ta na da aniyar ƙaƙaba shari'ar musulumci a Syria, ya gaza bayar da amsar kai tsaye da za ta tabbatar da hakan ko kuma akasi, sai ya ce ''mutanen da ke tsoron shari'ar musulumci, ko dai suna tsoron fuskantar hukuncin laifin su ne, ko kuma basu fahimci yadda take ba''

Wannan amsa na nuni da cewa HTS za ta iya zartar da tsarin shari'ar musulumci a ƙasar, amma ƙila tsarin ya zamo ɓoyayye.

A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba HTS ta sanar da yafiya ga tsaffin jami'an soji, amma masu ruwa da tsaki sun yi zargin cewa matakin ya saɓawa tanadin shari'ar musulumci, kuma hanya ce ta janyo rashin mutumta doka tsakanin tsaffin jami'an gwamnati.

HTS ta yi yuƙurin kwantar da boren, inda ta fitar da sanarwar cewa za a zaƙulo masu laifi a cikin jami'an tsohuwar gwamnati, musamman masu hannu a laifukan yaƙi. A lokaci guda kuma ƙungiyar ta jaddada ikon ta tana mai shan alwashin hukunta duk wanda ya ƙi biyayya ga dokokinta da suka haramta aikata ramuwar gayya.

Wata dambarwar ta kunno kai a ranar 16 ga watan Disamba bayan al-Sharaa ya sanar da shirin ƙwace makamai daga hannun ƙungiyoyin ƙasar, tare da tabbatar da cewa dakarun gwamnati ne kaɗai ke riƙe da makamai.

Wannan mataki ma ya fuskanci turjiya daga masu fatan ci gaba da riƙe makaman da suka mallaka. Sun jajirce hakan wata dabara ce ta ƙarawa HTS ƙarfi da kuma dakushe sauran ƙungiyoyi.

Akwai kuma wata damuwar kan yadda HTS ta yi shiru a kan hare-haren da Isra'ila ke kaiwa sassan Syria tun bayan kawar da gwamnatin Assad. Bayan kwanaki, al-Sharaa ya yi bayani, inda ya soki hare-haren, amma ya ce basu da niyyar shiga wani sabon faɗa a daidai lokacin da suke ƙoƙarin gina ƙasa.

Wasu dai na ganin cewa HTS ta nuna gajiyawa wajen aiwatar da dokar shari'ar musulumci. Masu wannan ra'ayi sun ƙara tunzura bayan saƙon da al-Qaeda ta fitar cewa ya kamata HTS ta mayar da hankali wajen yaƙi da Isra'ila da kuma cika muradin su na kare Falasɗinawa a Gaza.

Wannan fargaba da ake ciki manuniya ce cewa akwai masu turjiya a ciki da wajen HTS, kuma da alama a shirye suke su ɗauki makamai domin tunkarar HTS.

Masu wannan tunani dai ba za su ja da baya cikin sauƙi ba, kuma suna kallon Syria ne kamar Afghanistan a ƙarƙashin Taliban, wato dai suna mata kallon wata hanya ta tabbatar da ƙasa mai bin turbar Sunna da za ta iya rungumar musulman da aka tsangwama.