Jiragen yaƙi 6 da suka fi tsananin gudu da ƙasashen da suka mallake su

Tsawon lokaci, jirgin yaƙin Amurka na F-16 ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin jiragen yaƙi mafiya gudu a duniya.

Samfurin jirgin nau'in F-16A ne aka fara gwaji a shekarar 1976, sannan rundunar sojin saman Amurka (USAF) ta fara aiki da shi a shekarar 1979.

A cikin kusan shekaru 50 da ya kwashe yana aiki, an ci gaba da inganta jirgin F-16 ta hanyoyi daban-daban, lamarin da ya taimaka masa ya ci gaba da kasancewa muhimmin jirgin yaƙi a yaƙe-yaƙen zamani.

Kodayake tun farko an ƙera shi ne a matsayin jirgin yaƙi maras nauyi, mai inji guda ɗaya kuma mai araha da sauƙin sarrafawa, F-16 ya tabbatar da ƙwarewarsa a fannoni da dama.

An yi amfani da shi wajen artabu ta sama da hare-haren bama-bamai da kuma kare sararin samaniya.

Duk da cewa an saka masa nau'o'in injuna daban-daban tun bayan fara amfani da shi, iyakar gudun F-16 da rundunar sojin saman Amurka ta bayyana a hukumance ba ta sauya ba.

A cewar rundunar, mafi girman saurin jirgin shi ne Mach 2.0, wato kusan mil 1,500 cikin sa'a guda.

Baya ga wannan waɗanne ne jiragen yaƙi mafiya gudu a duniya a yanzu? Bari mu duba jirage biyar da suka fi F-16 gudu.

F-15E Strike Eagle

Wannan wani jirgin yaƙi ne na Amurka da aka ƙera domin yin aiki daga tazara mai nisa.

An fara yin gwajin jirgin F-15A a shekarar 1972, sannan aka fara aiki da shi a shekarar 1976.

An sanya wa jirgin injina guda biyu na Pratt & Whitney F100-PW-220 do kuma F100-PW-229.

A zahiri, irin wannan injin ne ake amfani da shi a jirgin F-16, sai dai F-16 na da injin guda ɗaya ne kawai.

Da taimakon waɗannan injuna biyu, F-15E na iya kaiwa matsakaicin gudun Mach 2.5, wato kimanin mil 1,875 cikin sa'a guda.

Jirgin F-15E Strike Eagle jirgin yaƙi ne mai ayyuka da dama.

Duk da cewa babban aikinsa shi ne kai hare-hare daga sama kan wuraren da ke ƙasa , ana kuma amfani da shi wajen artabu tsakanin jiragen yaƙi a sararin samaniya.

Jirgi ne da aka ƙera domin kutsawa cikin sararin yankin abokan gaba domin kai hari kan wuraren da aka nufe shi da zuwa, sannan ya koma sansaninsa.

Saboda haka an tsara shi ne domin jure dogon lokaci a fagen daga.

Sauye-sauyen da aka yi masa a baya-bayan nan sun kuma ƙara masa ƙwarewa wajen gano da kuma tunkarar barazanar jirage marasa matuƙa.

F-14 Tomcat

Wani jirgin yaƙi da ke cikin jerin mafiya gudu shi ne F-14 Tomcat, wanda ke iya kaiwa gudun Mach 2.34, daidai da kusan mil 1,734 cikin sa'a guda.

Rundunar sojin ruwan Amurka ta daina amfani da F-14 a shekarar 2006, bayan da ta maye gurbinsa da jirgin F/A-18 Super Hornet.

F-14 Tomcat shi ne jirgin yaƙin da ya yi fice a shahararrun fina-finan "Top Gun" da jarumi Tom Cruise ya fito a ciki.

Amma tarihin jirgin ya wuce shahara a fina-finai, domin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a aikace-aikacen soja tun daga lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam.

A watan Afrilun 1975, an yi amfani da jirgin wajen taimakawa fitar da mutane daga birnin Saigon yayin da yaƙin Vietnam ke gab da ƙarewa.

A cikin kusan shekaru 30 da ya yi yana aiki, F-14 ya shiga manyan yaƙe-yaƙe da dama, ciki har da Yaƙin Tekun Fasha (Gulf War) da kuma ayyukan soja a Libya da Afghanistan.

A lokacin yaƙin Iran da Iraki a shekarun 1980, ana kyautata zaton cewa jiragen yaƙin F-14 na Iran sun harbo jiragen abokan hamayya da dama a artabun sararin samaniya, inda aka yi hasashen cewa sun yi sanadiyyar kashe kusan mutum 150.

MiG-31 Foxhound

Jirgin yaƙin MiG-31 Foxhound na samun ƙarfi ne daga injinan Soloviev D-30F6 turbofan guda biyu, kuma yana iya kaiwa matsakaicin gudun Mach 2.83, wato kusan mil 2,100 cikin sa'a guda.

An ƙera MiG-31 ne domin maye gurbin MiG-25 Foxbat, kodayake akwai manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin jiragen biyu.

A lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi, Foxhound ya kasance jirgin yaƙi na farko da Tarayyar Soviet ta mallaka cikin waɗanda aka sabunta.

Baya ga kasancewarsa jirgi mai tsananin gudu, ya kuma zo da wasu sabbin fasahohi da suka tayar da hankalin ƙasashen Yamma.

Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan fasahohi ita ce na'urar radar da ke ba shi damar bibiyar hare-hare da dama a lokaci guda, inda zai iya sa ido kan wurare ko jirage har guda 10 lokaci ɗaya.

MiG-31 ya fara aiki a shekarar 1981, kuma tun daga lokacin aka ci gaba da ƙera nau'o'i daban-daban na jirgin tare da saka masa sabbin fasahohi.

Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan nau'o'in shi ne MiG-31D, wanda aka tanadar da makaman da za su iya kai hari kan tauraron ɗan'adam da ke sararin samaniya.

Sannan akwai MiG-31BM, wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun nau'o'in jirgin.

Wannan samfurin na iya bibiyar wurare ko jirage har guda 24 a lokaci guda, kana kuma yana iya gudanar da hare-hare kan wuraren da aka sa masa gaba.

Dassault Mirage 2000

Jirgin yaƙin Dassault Mirage 2000 na iya kaiwa matsakaicin gudun Mach 2.2, wato kusan mil 1,630 cikin sa'a guda.

Wannan jirgin yaƙi ne mallakar ƙasar Faransa, inda rundunar sojin ƙasar ta fara aiki da shi a shekarar 1984, sannan aka fitar da shi zuwa wasu ƙasashe da dama, ciki har da Indiya da Peru da Brazil.

Wannan jirgin yaƙi ne da aka sabunta a karo na huɗu da ke yin ayyukan soja iri-iri a fagen daga.

Ɗaga cikin ayyukan da yake iya yi akwai ɗaukar makaman nukiliya da kuma harbo makamai masu linzami na abokan gaba.

An ƙera Mirage 2000 ne a matsayin jirgin yaƙi maras nauyi kuma mai ƙarancin kuɗin sarrafawa, domin ya iya gogayya da jiragen yaƙi na Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin, musamman MiG-29.

Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker

Idan muka koma Rasha, za mu kammala wannan jerin da duba Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker, wani jirgin yaƙi da aka ƙara ingantawa da tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet ta ƙera.

Jirgin na da injina guda biyu, kuma an ƙera shi ne domin ya yi gogayya da jiragen yaƙin Amurka irin su F-14 Tomcat da F-15 Eagle.

Su-27 na iya kaiwa gudun kusan Mach 2.35, wato kimanin mil 1,742 cikin sa'a guda.

An fara gwajin tashin jirgin a shekarar 1977, sannan ya shiga aiki a hukumance a shekarar 1985.

Kamar yadda ya faru da yawancin jiragen yaƙi na wannan zamani, an ƙera nau'o'i daban-daban na Flanker cikin shekaru.

Ɗaya daga cikin na farko shi ne Su-27S Flanker-B, wanda matuƙi guda ɗaya ke sarrafawa.

Wani sanannen nau'in jirgin kuma shi ne P-42.

Tsakanin shekarun 1986 da 1988, wannan jirgi ya kafa sabbin tarihin gudu da bajinta har sau 27, inda wasu daga cikin waɗannan nasarori suka zarce tarihin da jirgin F-15 Streak Eagle na Amurka ya kafa a baya.

Kodayake Su-27 Flanker na yau da kullum ba shi da dukkan tarihin da P-42 ya kafa, har yanzu yana daga cikin jiragen yaƙi mafiya sauri da Rasha da tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet suka taɓa ƙerawa.