'Kwicwa n'inyota' kuko imyuzure itewe n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe yavanganye n'ibitoro

Abungere bubuye amazi mu gitanga gitoya aho baragira ibitungwa vyabo muri Sudan y'Epfo barazi neza ububi bwayo hamwe boramuka bayanyoye.

''Ayo mazi ni mabi kuko arimwo ibitoro - arimwo ubumara,'' bivugwa n'umukuru wabo, Chilhok Puot.

Nyatabah, umugore wo muri ico kibano yorora inka hagati na hagati mu karere k'ibitoro mu ntara ya Unity State, yongerako ati: ''Uyanyoye uca uhezagirika ugakorora.

''Turazi ko ari amazi mabi, ariko nta handi dufise [dukura amazi], turishwe n'inyota.''

Uwahoze ari umuhinga w'ibitoro, Dabid Bojo Leju, yabwiye BBC ko imyuzure muri ako karere iriko irasuka imicafu mu masoko y'amazi.

Ibice binini vy'iyo ntara bimaze igihe vyararengewe n'amazi kuva habaye imyuzure itaheruka mu myaka myinshi, imyuzure abahinga bavuga ko yandurutse kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.

Bojo Leju avuga ko imyuzure ari ''akaga'' kandi ko imicafu iva mu bibanza bihungurirwamwo ibitoro ititabwaho neza ari ''rwica ruhoze'' kandi iriko irakwira intara yose.

Sudan y'Epfo ni co gihugu gishasha kurusha ibindi vyose kandi kimwe mu bikenye cane kw'isi, aho uburaro n'uburamuko reta ibuzeye ahanini ku bitoro.

Unity State, intara yimbura ibitoro cane, yamye ija irabamwo imyuzure mu bihe bimwe bimwe. Ariko mu 2019, imvura irengeje yazanye isegenya yatwaye ibigwati, uburagiro n'amashamba. Mu myaka yikurikiranya haciye haguma hagwa imvura nyinshi. Ayo mazi yose yaciye yitega kw'isi y'ibumba.

Umwaka vyabaye bibi kurusha iyindi mu 2022, ibice bibiri kuri bitatu vy'intara ya Unity State vyararengewe n'amazi, ku bw'ishami rya ONU riraba infungurwa kw'isi PAM - na n'ubu. rivuga ahangana na 40% h'iyo ntara n'ubu hakiri munsi y'amazi.

Bojo Leju yamaze imyaka umunani akorera urunani rw'ibitoro Pioneer Operating Company (GPOC), rufatanijwe n'amakompanyi yo mu Bushinwa, Malaisie n'Ubuhindi - reta ya Sudan y'Epfo ikagiramwo 5%.

Kuva hari umuringoti munini uturitse haraheze imyaka itanu, yaciye atangura gufata amasanamu y'ibidengeri vy'amazi avanganye n'ibitoro hamwe n'ibirundo vy'ivu ryirabujwe n'ibitoro mu turere twa Unity State, harimwo ibibanza biri hafi ya Roriak, aho abungere baba.

Avuga ko ibitoro vyisesa biva mu binogo n'imiringoti ''cari ikintu kiguma cisubiriza'', kandi ko yari mu bantu baguma batwara ivu ryahumanye baryigiza kure y'ibarabara, kugira ntihagire abaribona.

Yaragerageje gushikiriza ayo makenga abakuru ba kompanyi, ariko avuga ko ata kinini cakozwe ''kandi nta nteguro yari ihari y'ingene iryo vu rivanwamwo iyo micafu''.

Bojo Leju avuga kandi ko amazi yava mu kuzimu iyo hariko haravanwayo ibitoro akenshi nayo wasanga arimwo ibifitanye isano n'ibitoro n'ibindi bihumanye, nayo ntiyayungururwa neza.

''Iminsi yose mu nama yacu yo mu gitondo,'' harashikirizwa ivyegeranyo ko hari ibitoro, ku rugero rurenze urwemewe mu makungu, mu mazi ava mu kuzimu ahacukurwa ibitoro, niko avuga, ''kandi ayo mazi aca asubizwa mu bidukikije''.

''Ikibazo aho kiri ni iyo ayo mazi aca atemba aja?'' niko avuga.

''[Aratemba] agashika mu ruzi (mu mwonga), gushika mw'isoko ry'amazi aho abantu bavoma ayo banywa, gushika mu binogo aho abantu baroba amafi.''

Bojo Leju asigura ko bumwe muri ubwo bumara bwanyengetereye gushika mu mazi ari mu kuzimu, aho azotemba agashika mu binogo abantu bimba kugira baduze amazi bakoresha.

Igihe imvura nyinshi yatangura kugwa mu 2019, ama dige y'ibivu yarubatswe kugira azibire ibitoro vyisesa, ariko yaruhiye kurengerwa kubera ubwinshi bw'amazi, nk'uko avuga.

Muri Roriak, nta makuru ahari y'ingene amazi abungere banywa ameze, ariko bafise ubwoba ko atuma ibitungwa vyabo birwara.

Umushikiranganji w'intara ya Unity State ajejwe uburimyi avuga ko kuba hamaze gupfa ibitungwa birenga 100.000 mu myaka ibiri iheze biva ku mazi yahumanijwe n'ibitoro.

Mw'ishamba ryegereye Roriak, hari umugwi w'abagabo n'abagore bariko baraca ibiti kugira baronderemwo amakara yo gutekesha.

Kugira bashike muri iryo shamba bagize urugendo rw'amasaha umunani mu mabarabara acafuye yatewe n'amazi y'imyuzure.

Bavuga ko amazi yonyene bashobora kuronka ngaha ari ayuzuye imicafu.

N'aho yoba atetse ''aratera gucibwamwo no kubabara mu nda'', niko umwe muri abo bagore, Nyakal, avuga.

Uwundi, Nyeda, ariko arihanagura amosozi, avuga ko akeneye amakara yo kugurisha, ariko afise impungenge ku bana biwe indwi, basigaranye ni inakuru wabo haraheze indwi.

''Nawe nta na kimwe afise,'' niko avuga.

Nyeda aba hafi y'umurwa mukuru w'intara, Bentiu, mu karuri kari mw'ikambi irimwo abantu 140.000 bahunze intambara canke imyuzure. Ako kazu gakikujwe n'amazi y'imyuzure kakaba gakingiwe gusa n'ama dige y'ibivu.

Haratangwa imfashanyo y'ivyokurya, ariko benshi muri ako karere batungwa no gusoroma mu mazi imizi y'icatsi kimeze nk'amarebe (kizwi nka water lily mu congereza canke nenuphar mu gifaransa) no kuroba kugira bunganire ivyokurya bahabwa.

Amazi meza arakenye cane. Nyeda akoresha amazi yimbwa mu kuzimu mu kumesa no guteka, ariko akeneye amafaranga yo kugura ayo kunywa.

Abakora mu gisata c'amagara y'abantu n'abanyaporotike muri ako karere babwiye BBC ko bafise ubwoba ko ibihumana ry'ibidukikije n'ubukene bw'amazi meza bishobora kuba biriko birakora ibara ku magara y'abantu.

Mu bitaro i Bentiu, hari umugore aherutse kuvyara. Umwana wiwe yavutse izuru n'umunwa bifatanye.

''Ntibaronka amazi meza,'' bivugwa na Muganga Samuel Puot, umwe mu baganga bitaho uwo mwana.

''Banywa ayo bavomye mu ruzi aho amazi n'ibitoro bivanze. Ivyo bishobora kuba ari vyo vyateye ingorane.''

Avuga ko hamaze kuboneka abana benshi bavukana agasembwa nko kutagira amaguru canke amaboko canke umutwe muto, i Bentiu na Ruweng, akarere gacukurwamwo ibitoro mu buraruko bwa Unity State.

Akenshi baca bapfa haheze iminsi canke amezi makeya, nk'uko yongerako.

Ibipimo vy'imero birashobora gufasha kumenya imvo z'uko kuvuka hari ibitameze neza ku mubiri, ariko ibitaro nta buryo bifise bwo kubipima, bike bishoboye navyo hari aho usanga bidakwiye kugira imvo zimenyekane neza.

Muganga Puot yifuza ko reta yogira igitabo co kwandikamwo abavutse bafise agasembwa.

Kubera abavukanye izo ngorane bataja barandikwa bose, ntibizwi niba ivyegeranyo bimwe bimwe bibonetse bisigura ko hoba hari urugero ruri hejuru mu buryo budasanzwe bwo kuvukana agasembwa.

''Birashoboka ko uguhumana guturutse ku bitoro gushobora kugira uruhara mu kwongereza ivyago vy'uko abana bavukana ubusembwa,'' bivugwa na muganga Nicole Deziel, umuhinga mu magara ajanye n'ibidukikije wo kuri kaminuza ya Yale.

Ihumana ry'ibidukikije ni kimwe mu vyongereza ivyago vy'uko umwana avukana agasembwa, hamwe n'imero, imyaka y'umuvyeyi, indwara z'ibisebuzi no kurya, niko avuga.

Bimwe mu bintu bisohoka ibitoro biriko birahingurwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gukura kw'umwana ari mu nda, nk'uko muganga Deziel yongerako.

Avuga ko ivyegeranyo vya rimwe rimwe bishobora gufasha kwibaza ko hari ikibazo ku bidukikije, ariko agashimika mu kuvuga ko hatabaye ugutororokanya amakuru y'abana bose baba bavukanye izo ngorane, kumenya imvo ibitera bigoye gushikako.

Mu 2014 na 2017, ishirahamwe ritegamiye reta rikorera mu budagi Sign of Hope ryarihweje ivyigwa vyakozwe hafi y'ahacukurwa ibitoro mu ntara ya Unity State.

Basanze hari urugero runini rw'umunyu n'ubutare bw'ivyuma mu mazi yegereye cane amariba y'ibitoro, hamwe n'urugero ruri hejuru cane rwa plomb (lead) na barium mu bipimo vy'imishatsi y'abantu.

Abo bashakashatsi banzuye ko ivyo ari ibimenyetso vy'ihumana kw'icukurwa ry'ibitoro.

Reta yarashizeho umugwi wo kwiga ingaruka z'igisata c'ibitoro ku bidukikije, ariko ivyo washitseko ntibirashirwa ahabona inyuma y'umwaka urenga ku gihe vyategerezwa kuba vyarabonekeye.

Mary Ayen Majok, umunyaporike akomeye mu mugambwe uri ku butegetsi, amaze imyaka irenga cumi yama ariko arashikiriza amakenga ku bihumanya ibidukikije.

Asanzwe ari umushikiranganji muri reta akanaba icegera c'umukuru w'inama nkenguzamateka ya Sudan y'Epfo, akaba ava muri Ruweng.

Avuga ko afise incuti yavyaye umwana afise agasembwa akemeza ko benshi mu bana bavuka bafise bene izo ngorane batamenyekana kubera ubwoba bwo gukumirwa canke kuko badafise uburyo bwo gushika kwa muganga.

Uwo mugore avuga ko Sudan y'Epfo ''yatoranye igisata c'amahinguriro cari gisanzwe kirangwa n'ugukora nabi'' igihe ico gihugu ciyubaka gihejeje kuronka intahe yo kwikukira kuri Sudan mu 2011.

Caciye cadukamwo mu 2013 intambara yo hagati mu gihugu yamaze imyaka itanu. Ku gihugu kirimwo intambara kandi kizeye ahanini uburaro n'uburamuko ku mafaranga ava mu bitoro, ivyo kwitaho kubazwa ibijanye n'ibidukikije vyagumye ''ku murizo w'ibituraje ishinga'', nk'uko avuga.

''Kuvuga ko ibitoro ni nko gukora ku mutima wa reta,'' niko Bojo Leju avuga.

Yavugishije BBC ari muri Swede, iyo yaronse ubuhungiro.

Mu 2020 hari abashingwamanza bo muri Sudan y'Epfo bamwegereye bashaka kwitwarira reta kw'ihumana riva ku bitoro.

Yaremeye kuzoshinga intahe nk'icabona. Ariko avuga ko abajejwe umutekano bamupfunze, baramukibita ku mutwe bakoresheje inkoho ntoya (pistolet) baca bamuhatira kwemeza inyanduko y'uko yihakanye ivyemezo yari yatanze.

Mu nyuma yaciye ahunga igihugu. Abo bashingwamanza ntibabaye bakibandanya urwo rubanza.

BBC yararondeye urunani GPOC n'ibiro vy'umukuru wa reta ya Sudan y'Epfo kugira bagire ico bavuze kuri ivyo bivugwa muri ico cegeranyo, ariko ntibigeze basubiza.