Ni iki urupfu rw'umuganga yapfiriye muri ascenseur/lift rutubwira ku ngorane z'amadeni Afrika ifitiye amakungu

Abagenzi b'umuganga wo muri Nijeriya yapfiriye muri ascenceur/lift y'inzu araramwo ku bitaro yakorotse iva kw'igorofa y'icenda ku nzu igerekeranye ya 9 ari inbere muri iyo ntibatangazwa n'icigwa giheruka gusohoka gihishura ko igihugu gikoresha amafarnga arenga incuro zibiri mu kwishura amadeni kurusha ayo ikoresha mu bisata vy'amagara y'abantu no mu mashure uyateranije.

Ico cegeranyo gishasha ca One Campaign, ishirahamwe ryo kurwanya ubukene, gishimikira ku giharuro kinini c'amadeni ibihugu vya Afrika bifata ku bikorera ivyabo hanyuma bigategerezwa kuriha, kenshi hadashizwe imbere ibikorwa vy'iterambere.

Ntibishoboka gushiraho isano hagati y'ikibazo c'amadeni ya Nigeria n'urupfu rwa muganga Vwaere Diaso rwabaye mu kwezi guheze ariko idolari ryose rikoreshwa mu kuriha ideni ni rimwe ridashobora kuja gufasha mu bikorwa nkenerwa cane.

Muganga Diaso yapfuye yari asigaje indwi zibiri ngo aheze ivyigwa vyo kwimenyereza ku bitaro bikuru vy'i Lagos.

Yari asanzwe yahora yama yidogera ubuyobozi bw'ibitaro ku vyerekeye inyubako zari zarase imigaga, gucika kw'umuyagankuba no kubura uburyo bukoreshwa muri bimwe mu bitaro bikuru vya reta. Yari azi ko bihitana ubuzima bw'abarwayi. Ntiyari azi ko vyoshobora no guhitana ubwiwe.

Muganga Joy Aifuobhokhan, umugenzi wiwe bakorana yatubwiye ati: "Ndibuka intwengo ya Vwaere, yari umwe mu bantu banezerewe cane kw'isi kw'isi . Yarakunda akazi kiwe kandi yakunda no kwitaho abantu."

Muganga Diaso yarakomeretse cane igihe ascenceur yakoroka, ariko yari gushobora gukira iyo aba igikoresho gifasha kongereza impwemu n'ibindi bikoresho vyo mu bitaro vyarakora neza.

"Nibaza ko uburyo bw'amafaranga cari ikibazo gikomeye ku buraro bwacu n'ibitaro muri rusangi. Twama twabibwiye ubuyobozi ariko inyishu twaronka yari uko badafise uburyo bukwiye bwo kugura umuyagankuba ukoreshwa mu bitaro, tubaye turareka uburyo bwo gukoresha ku buraro bw'abaganga."

Aka ni akarorero kamwe mu bijanye n'ingorane ziri mu gisata c'amagara y'abantu. Mu 2018, Nigeria yakoresheje imiriyaridi $5,9 zo kuriha amadeni. Uyu mwaka bitegekanijwe ko hazokoreshwa imiriyaridi $8,4. Ni mu gihe miriyaridi $2.2 ari yo akoreshwa mu mashure, mu magara y'abantu naho hagakoreshwa na miriyaridi $1.4 zija.

Icegeranyo ca One Campaign kigereranya ko ibihugu bikenye cane biriha amafaranga arenga 500% y'amadeni vyategerezwa kuriha.

Iri shirahamwe rifise intumbero yo kugabanya ubukene cane cane muri Afrika rifise mu rwego nshingwantwaro abantu nka Larry Summers, yahoze ari umushikiranganji w'ikigenga ca reta muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, David Cameron yahoze ari umushikiranganji wa mbere w'Ubwongereza, n'uwahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru wa Meta Sheryl Sandberg.

Ritwarwa na Gayle E Smith, yahoze ari umujenama w'abakuru b'igihugu 3 ba Amerika kandi akaba yari ashinzwe ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bwa Amerika mw'iterambere. Yavuze ko ibi biriko biraba bishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye cane kuruta ingorane y'amadeni yo mu 2005.

Aburira ku ngaruka z'ubutunzi na poritike, Madame Smith avuga ati: "Ibi biriko birakwegera icarimwe ibindi bihugu mu ngorane. Kandi ndibaza ko bizozana ingaruka mbi nyinshi uravye igitigiri c'ibihugu biri mu ngorane. ''

Kubera iki biriko biraba?

Naho ibintu biguma vyunyuka kuva mu myaka iheze, icegeranyo kivuga ko inyungu ku ngurane ziva muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yongereje ingorane.

Ukuduga kw'inyungu kwatumye idolari rikomera kuruta, rituma ayandi mafaranga ata agaciro nka naira rikoreshwa muri Nigeria. Kubera amadeni yo hanze y'igihugu menshi ari mu madorari, bituma ingorane zongerekana ako kanya.

Hejuru y'ivyo, hariho isano hagati y'urugero rw'inyungu isabwa na banki nkuru ya Amerika (Federal Reserve) ya Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'urugero iro amabanki y'ubucuruzi asaba ibindi bihugu.

Ongera kuri ivyo iduga ridasanzwe ry'ibiciro ryibonekeza kw'isi hose no kubura amafaranga ku batanga ideni bameze nka Banki y'Isi.

Madame Smith avuga ku ngaruka amaze kwibonera ati: '' Twarabonye ubukene bukabije bwiyongera ubwa mbere mu myaka 25. Twarabonye ingaruka nyinshi mbi ku magara y'abantu n'indero n'iterambere ryakurikiye mu myaka iheze.

''Ni mwaba mukoresha uburyo burenze 90% ku kuriha amadeni, nta kintu kinini muba musigaje gukora. Kubihindura bisa nk'ibidashoboka."

Icegeranyo gihamagarira Banki y'isi, ikigenga mpuzamakungu FMI/IMF n'abandi banyamitahe kwongereza ku bwinshi amafaranga yo gutanga amadeni.

Ako kamo gasa n'utwatewe mu minsi iheze n'umugambi Bridgetown Initiative, uyobowe n'umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Barbados, Mia Mottley, ashaka impinduka n'ukujanisha n'igihe ingene hatunganijwe inzego mpuzamakungu zijejwe amafaranga.

Birumvikana ko ibigo mpuzamakungu atari vyo vyonyene bihamagarirwa guhindura uburyo bisanzwe bikora.

Sam Chidoka, umuhinga mu vy'intwaro ibereye muri Nigeria avuga ati: "Nimutahagurukira ikibazo c'ibiturire, tuzoja mu majambo menshi atagira ibikorwa."

Afise impungenge ko inyungu zizova mu kugabanirizwa imyenda iyo ari yo yose zitazoshikira abanyagihugu.

"Nta kibi kiri mu gufata imyenda. Kiri mu kungene ukoresha amafaranga y'umwenda. Yoba yakoreshejwe mu guteza imbere igihugu canke twaka umenda kugira turyohegwe mu buzima, kugendera mu ndege z'abigenga no kugura imiduga myinshi igendanira abakozi bakuru ba reta?"

Ingorane y'igiturire ni imwe mu zo icegeranyo kitavugako mu buryo butaziguye , ariko Madame we ntagica iruhande.

"Si ingorane ko hakenewe umuco ku vyerekeye amafaranga atangwa. Poritike n'intwaro ibereye ni ikibazo, ariko siyo ngorane."

Benshi baribuka neza isekeza yo kuvira hasi ubukene rizwi nka Make Poverty History [Ubukene Tubugire Kahise] ryo mu 2005 kandi ku mvo yumvikana. Abanditse ico cegeranyo barafashije gushiraho iyo ngendo kw'isi yose, yashikanye ku masezerano mbonekarimwe ku vyerekeye imyenda. Naho ayo masezerano yagize ingaruka ziramye, ibintu bishobora kuba ari bibi kuruta imbere y'uko ayo masezerano aboneka.

Dukurikiye ivyo Make Poverty History ivuga, amadeni Afrika ifitiye amakungu yagabanutseko amamiliyari arenga gato $180. Ubu, ageze ku miliyari $645, igice kinini c'ayo kigizwe n'ingurane z'abanyamitahe bigenga.

Madamu Smith avuga ati: "Ntituriko turavuga ko hakenewe imfashanyo kw'isi, ni ku nyungu z'Uburaya na leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, Canada, G7 yose, tugashirako na G20 ko Afrika itera imbere."

Iki ciyumviro, gishira ahabona inyungu z'umuntu ku giti ciwe kurusha ubugiraneza, nico mutima w'iki cegeranyo.

Ibihugu bifise ubutunzi bwamugajwe n'amadeni vyarananiwe no guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere canke guteza imbere urwaruka rwavyo, ubu baja kurondera ubuzima bwiza iburaya canke ahandi kw'isi.

Uku kwimuka kuramaze kuboneka muri Nijeriya mu gisata c'amagara y'abantu, aho abaganga bakiri bato baja kurondera kurondera ahandi ubuzima bwiza kubera umushahara muto n'ubuzima bubi. Nk'uko muganga Aifuobhokhan abivuga, mugenzi we muganga Diaso yari umwe mu batashaka kugenda hanze.

"Hanyuma ibi vyashitse aho umuntu apfa kubera hari uburyo buke bwo kugura ibikoresho, nta bikorwa vya leta canke ubutabazi bwihuse biriho."