Sentare ya Afrika y’Ubuseruko ifise akamaro nyabaki?

Umugambwe UPRONA mu Burundi, abitwariye ikiringo ca gatatu c’umuhisi Pierre Nkurunziza mu Burundi nyene, Tribert Rujugiro Ayabatwa ku nyubakwa yiwe yanyazwe mu Rwanda ...abo bose ni bamwe mu bamaze gutsinda ama reta y’ibihugu vyabo mu manza bayashingishirije muri sentare y’ishirahamwe rya Afrika y’Ubuseruko EAC.

Ariko izo manza ntizirashirwa mu ngiro kandi ayo ma reta atabishatse ntizizoja mu ngiro, hari n’izitagishobora gushirwa mu ngiro.

None imanza zicibwa n’iyo sentare zimaze iki?

Urubanza rwashikirijwe n’amashirahamwe adaharanira ivyicaro vya poritike yitwarira reta y’Uburundi ku bijanye n’ikiringo ca gatatu c’umuhisi Perezida Petero Nkurunziza, rwatanguye mu kw’indwi 2015 rukaza kurangira mu kwa cumi na rimwe 2021, ariko rumenyekana mu kw’icenda  2022 haheze imyaka irenga ibiri ico kiringo caraheze, n’uwagitwaye yaramaze gupfa.

Imbere y’urwo hari urundi reta  y’Uburundi yitwariwemwo n’umugambwe Uprona uyagiriza ko yahonyanze amategeko mu kwanka inzego zawo zari zatowe mu 2009,  nk’uko bivugwa na Tatien Sibomana arongoye uruhande rw’uyu mugambwe ruvugwa ko rutavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi.

Sentare ya Afrika y’Ubuseruko yaruciye ku wa 28 Munyonyo (11) 2014,  itegeka reta gutunganiriza uruhande rw’uyo mugambwe rwari rwitwaye rusaba kwubahiriza inzego zawo zari zatowe mu 2009. Ariko abitwaye bararindiriye ko ruja mu ngiro amaso ahera mu nzira.

Iyi sentare iherutse kandi gutegeka reta y’Urwanda guha umuriyoni w’amadorari umurwizatunga Tribert Rujugiro Ayabatwa, inyuma y’aho isanze reta ya Kigali yarahonyanze amasezerano agenga umuryango w’Ibihugu vya Afrika y’Ubuseruko mu kwihagira no kugurisha inyubakwa yiwe y’ubucuruzi.

Reta y’Urwanda ntiravuga nimba izoshira mu ngiro iki cemezo, ariko umunyamabanga ntayegayezwa mu bushikiranganji bw’ubutungane bw’ico gihugu, Theophile Mbonera, yavuze ko iyi ngingo yafashwe mu mpera z’ukwa munani uno mwaka ibabaje kandi ko reta yari kwihweza uru rubanza kugira ngo irabe ko yokwunguruza, nk’uko vyandikwa n’ikinyamakuru The East African.

Reta y’Uburundi kandi iherutse gutsindwa mu rubanza rwo ku wa 30 Nyakanga (9) rwashingishijwe n’umuryango wa Evariste Sebatutsi kw’itongo riri ahitwa Kizingwe mu gisagara ca Bujumbura. Urwo rubanza rwari rumaze imyaka 20. Umuryango wa Sebatutsi uvuga ko utaratunganirizwa kubera reta y’Uburundi yunguruje urubanza.

Ububasha bwo gutera igitsure

Ikibazo kihari ni ukumenya nimba iyi sentare ifise ububasha bwo gutera igitsure amareta y’ibihugu kugira ngo ashire mu ngiro ivyemezo biba vyafashwe n‘iyi sentare.

Abahinga baremeranya ko kugira ngo imanza ziciwe na sentare nk’iyi, co kimwe n’izindi sentare mpuzamakungu, zishirwe mu ngiro, ari ngombwa ko reta y’igihugu kanaka iba ifise ugushaka.

Christian Garuka Nsabimana umuhinga mu mategeko mpuzamakungu, avuga ko hari izo ama reta ashira mu mu mgiro ariko ntibimenye benshi kuko atari  ngombwa ko ibitangaza.

Ati: “Rimwe na rimwe n’iyo igihugu gishize mu ngiro icemezo ca sentare, hari igihe abantu batabimenya kuko si ngombwa ko babitangaza mu binyamakuru...rero hari igihe babishira mu ngiro abantu ntibabimenye, nk’uko hari igihe bashobora kubishira mu ngiro abantu bakabimenya.

“Ntitwokwihutira kuvuga ko buri gihe batazishira mu ngiro”.  

Hagati aho, Nsabimana abona ko imwe mu ngorane y’iyi sentare ari uko idafise inguvu zo gutuma ivyemezo yafashe bishirwa mu ngiro.

Ati: “Iyo bamaze [abacamanaza] gufata icemezo, ni ngombwa ko tumenya ko iyi sentare idafise igipolisi kizogenda gushira mu bikorwa icemezo yafashe.

“Kugira ngo kije mu bikorwa, hoba ico twokwita ubushake bwa poritike. Buri gihugu nico gifise inshingano zo gushira mu bikorwa ivyavuye muri urwo rubanza”.

Asigura ko abacamanza b’iyi sentare bafise ububasha bwo gutegeka igihugu ariko ko badafise ububasha bwo gutuma ingingo bafashe ishirwa mu bikorwa.

Agereranya n’amasentare yo hagati mu gihugu, Nsabimana avuga ati: “Nico kimwe no mu gihugu hagati, iyo nk’akarorero uburanye na reta uyagiriza ko yakunyaze, hanyuma sentare igategeka ko reta iguha indishi y’akababaro. Iyo reta idafise ugushaka kwa poritike, sentare ntishobora kuja mu bigega vya reta muri banki y’igihugu ngo ivanemwo ayo mafaranga hanyuma iyaguhe.

“Sentare iyo ifashe ingingo yoyo iba ikoze akazi kayo ku kibazo gishikirijwe iyo sentare”.

Ingorane z’iyo sentare ya EAC ni izahe?

Umuntu yokwibaza akamaro k’imanza zicibwa n’iyi sentare mu gihe bishobora gushika ugasanga urubanza rugiye gucibwa rwaramaze guta igihe.

Akarorero ni urubanza rujanye n’ikiringo ca gatatu c’uwari umukuru w’Uburundi, umuhisi Pereto Nkurunziza.

Iyi sentare yagiye kwemeza ko ico kiringo cari giteye kubiri n’amategeko muri Munyonyo 2021, ariko urwaciwe ntirwigeze ruja ahabona gushika muri Nyakanga (9) 2022.

Yaba reta y’Uburundi, yaba sentare yo nyene ubwayo, bose babona ko ingingo yafashwe ataco ishobora kumara kubera ico kiringo camaze kurangira, kandi  n’uwo cega nawe akaba atakiriho.

Asigura igituma izo manza ziteba gucibwa, umuhinga Christian Garuka Nsabimana abona ko imvo nyamukuru ari uko iyo sentare idafise uburyo bukwiye, bigatuma abacamanza bose badashobora kuba i Arusha igihe cose.

Ati: “Ingorane z’iyi sentare, abacamanza bayo bose ntabwo baba i Arusha, hariyo babiri gusa. Abandi bajayo nka rimwe canke kabiri mu mwaka.

“Kumbure gishobora kuba ari ikibazo c’uburyo, kuko iyo sentare, nk’uko twagiye tubisoma, buri gihe ivuga ko, iyaba vyakunda ko ibihugu bishiramwo amafaranga ahagije, vyari gutuma abo bacamanza uko ari batanu baguma bakora akazi kabo umwanya wose nk’abacamanza, ariko siko bimeze”.

Ku bwiwe, ikosa si abacamanza, “ni ikosa ry’ibihugu bigize umuryango wa Afrika y’Ubuseruko bidashiramwo amafaranga ahagije, ibi bigatuma abacamanza badashobora kuguma i Arusha”.

Igihugu canse gushira mu ngiro urubanza bigenda gute?

Abari ku ruhande rwitwariye reta bakayitsinda ariko ntirushire mu ngiro, bobo bagumana icizere ko bitebe bitebuke hazogera igihe urubanza rugashirwa mu ngiro.

Kubwa Tatien Sibomana imanza z’amasentare mpuzamakungu zirakunda kugira ingorane z’ikurikizwa kubera “abategerezwa kuzikurikiza ni ayo mareta nyene kenshi ari nayo aba yatsinzwe”.

Avuga ko “ayo masentare aba yashizweho n’abo bakuru b’ibihugu nyene” adafise inguvu zo kugondoza abo bakuru b’ibihugu ngo bakurikize imanza ziba zaciwe.

Ati: “Abategetsi [batsinzwe]  bakiri ku ngoma biragoye ko [urubanza] rukurikizwa, ariko urubanza ntiruhera kuko rumaze gusomwa, rurashobora guteba gukurikizwa mugabo impera n’imperuka ruzokurikizwa”.

"Uurubanza rwaciwe reta kanaka igatsindwa, n’inyuma y'imyaka mirongo haje reta yindi, izovyishuzwa, isabwe gukurikiza urwo rubanza".

Tatien Sibomana abona kandi ko biba "bivana n’ababa barongoye ayo masentare kuko ahandi barafise ububasha bwo kugondoza igihugu kanaka gukurikiza urwo rubanza".

Ati: "Na cane cane barashobora guhana ico gihugu, bakagifatira ibihano muri uwo muryango, canke bakagica n’amande n’ibindi bihano, mugabo ivyo vyose biravana n’ugushaka kwa poritike".

"Rero iyo miryango irabaho mugabo ugasanga iyo itarongowe n’abantu bafise intumbero y’uko ivyo basezeranye bikurikizwa mu mategeko agenga ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu canke mpuzakarere, canke ivyemezo vy'ayo masentare baba bashinze, biraheza bikagorana".

Nsabimana wewe avuga ko iyo iyi sentare imaze gufata icemezo iba ihejeje, ko haba hasigaye igikorwa c’uburongozi bwo muri ico gihugu, aho bushobora kuvuga buti: “Twaratsinzwe urubanza, dufise inshingano zo kurushira mu ngiro”.

“Igihe batabishize mu ngiro nta kundi bishobora kugenda”.

Christian Garuka Nsabimana  avuga ko mu masezerano y’Umuryango wa Afrika y’Ubuseruko ata hantu na hamwe higeze hategekanywa ko igihugu kitubahiriza ivyemezo vya Sentare ya Afrika y’Ubuseruko bayifatira ibihano, uretse ko gusa kiboneka nk'ikigaba.

Ati: “Nta nkurikizi uretse ko ico gihugu gica cigaragaza mu rwego rw’Umuryango ko ari igihugu kidakurikiza ivyemezo vya sentare”.

None iyi sentare ifise akamaro nyabaki?

Nsabimana asigura ko igikorwa nyamukuru c’iyi sentare ari ukuraba ko ibihugu bihurikiye mu muryango wa Afrika y’Ubuseruko bikurikiza amategeko vyishiriyeho agenga uyu murango.

Ati: “Akamaro sentare iragafise kuko itahari, fata ko ibihugu vyishize hamwe kugira ngo bishireho EAC, mu gihe iyo sentare yoba itariho, buri gihugu coza cifatira inzira uko kivyumva.

“Niyo mpamvu sentare ihari kugira ngo ifashe ibihugu gusesengura ingendo yavyo, amategeko batora imbere mu gihugu, niba kandi vyubahiriza ibitegekanijwe muri ayo masezerano ashiraho EAC”.

Asigura ko akamaro kanini ni uguhagararira amasezerano ashiraho umuryango wa Afrika y’Ubuseruko, igakurikirana igihugu kitariko kirayashira mu ngiro.