Inyuma y’amezi atandatu Israel itanguye igitero co kwihora muri Gaza, Hamas yoba igeze he?

Amezi atandatu ararangiye kuva Hamas ikoze igitero kuri Israel ku wa 10 Gutugutu (10), 2023, ikica abantu 1200 abarenga 200 nabo bafatwa bugwati.

Mu kwihora, Israel yiyemeje "kurandurana n’imizi" Hamas kugira ngo ntisubire kuba intambamyi, ica itangura igitero gikomeye muri Gaza kimaze guhitana abantu 33.000 nk’uko bivugwa n’ubushikiranganji bw’amagara y’abantu mu butegetsi bwa Hamas muri ako karere ka Palestina.

Israel ivuga ko imaze kwica ibihumbi vy’abarwanyi ba Hamas, yongera isambura uruvangatirane runini rw’amayira yo mu kuzimu yubatswe na Hamas musi ya Gaza, ari nayo isanzwe ikoresha mu bitero vyayo.

Ariko none ubwo Israel yoba koko yarashitse kuri iyo ntego yo gusambura uno muhari wa gisirikare? Abanya-Palestina bibaza iki ku bategetsi babo be n’ubutegetsi bwa Hamas muri Gaza inyuma y’imwe mu ntambara zimaze gusesa amaraso menshi muri ako karere?

Israel yoba yarashoboye kurandura abategetsi ba Hamas?

Umurwi w’igisata ca BBC kigenzura amakuru wihweje amatangazo n’amakuru acishwa ku mbuga hwaniro ava mu gisirikare ca Israel uca usanga ko, nk’uko bivugwa n’abarongoye igisirikare ca Israel, imbere ya 7 Gitugutu, Hamas yari ifise abarwanyi bababa 30.000 muri Gaza.

Abenshi mu bategetsi bakuru ba Hamas, nka Ismail Haniya afatwa nk’umutegetsi mukuru wa poritike, basanzwe baba hanze.

Ariko gusa, bizwi ko benshi mu bategetsi ba gisirikare ba Hamas baba muri Gaza.

Mw’itangazo giheruka gusohora, igisirikare ca Israel kivuga ko cishe abarwanyi bababa 13.000 b’uno muhari w’Abanya-Palestina kuva intambara itanguye, nubwo kitavuga ingene cashoboye kubaharura.

Ku ruhande rwayo, Hamas ivuga ko imaze gutakaza abarwanyi bayo 6000.

Israel irashira ahabona kandi amazina y’abategetsi ba Hamas ivuga ko bishwe, ariko kandi ntivyoroshe guhinyuza nimba koko aba ari abanywanyi b’uwo muhari.

Nk’akarorero, rimwe muri ano mazina ni irya Mustafa Thuraya, yariko akora nk’umunyamakuru yigenga mu bumanuko bwa Gaza igihe imodoka yiwe iterwa igisasu mu gitero co mu kirere ca Israel.

BBC yasanze kandi harimwo amazina yanditswe incuro irenga imwe.

Kuva muri Gitugutu, Israel imaze gusohora amazina 113 ivuga ko bahoze muri Hamas, benshi muri bo bapfuye mu mezi atatu ya mbere y’ino ntambara.

Muri uno mwaka kandi, yatangaje urupfu rw’umuntu umwe mu kwa gatatu, Marwan Issa, icegera c’umukuru w’ishami rya gisirikare rya Hamas, yafatwa nk’uwugira gatatu muri uwo muhari akaba n’umwe mu bari basanzwe baronderwa cane na Israel.

Hanze ya Gaza, Israel yaragirijwe ko ari yo yakoze igitero mu kwa mbere cahitanye umutegetsi wa poritike wa Hamas muri Libani, Saleh al-Arouri, mu karere ka Dahiyeh mu bumanuko bw’umugwa mukuru Beirut.

Hagati aho, abahinga bavuganye na BBC bavuga ko hari benshi mu bategetsi ba Hamas muri Gaza bazwi ko bakiri bazima.

Mairav Zonszein, umuhinga ku bijanye n’indyane hagati ya Israel na Palestina mw’ishirahamwe International Crisis Group, agira ati: "Igisirikare ca Israel ntikirashobora gushikira abategetsi bakuru ba Hamas".

Nkako, Yahya Sinwar, Mohammed Deif n’abandi bategetsi bagize uruhara mu gitero rutura co ku wa 7 Gitugutu, nibo bakiri kw’isonga ry’uno muhari kandi bakorana ubwira bwinshi.

Igisirikare ca Israel carashoboye gusambura amayira yo mu kuzimu ya Hamas muri Gaza?

Mu vyo yari yiyemeje mu rugamba rwo gusenyura Hamas, Israel yavuze ko yari gusambura uruvangatirane rw’amayira yo mu kuzimu uno muhari wubatse munsi ya Gaza kandi isanzwe ikoresha mu kwunguruza abantu n’ibintu.

Muri Gitugutu, umuvugizi w’igisirikare ca Israel, Jonathan Conricus , yagize ati: "Iyumvire agace ka Gaza kagizwe n’igice co hejuru c’abasivire hamwe n’ikindi gice co munsi ca Hamas. Turiko tugerageza gushikira iki gice kindi cubatswe na Hamas”.

Hamas ivuga ko amayira yayo yo mu kuzimu apima ibirometero 500, nubwo ata ruhande rwigenga rushobora kubihinyuza.

BBC yabajije igisirikare ca Israel urugero rw’ano mayira coba kimaze gusambura. Bishuye ko ingabo zabo “zasenyuye vyinshi mu bigo vy’iterabwoba muri Gaza."

Mu kugerageza kumenya urugero rw’ukungene ano mayira yo mu kuzimu ya Hamas yabonywe n’ingabo za Israel yoba yarasambuwe, BBC yihweje ubutumwa bw’igisirikare ca Israel ku rubuga hwaniro rwa Telegram bwavuga ivy’ano mayira muri Gaza, hagati y’uwa 7 na 26 Gitugutu gushika mu kwa gatatu 2024.

Ubutumwa hafi bwose ntibutanga amakuru aramvuye canke ibibanza runaka, rero ntawoshobora kwemeza ibitigiri vy’ano mayira yo mu kuzimu igisirikare ca Israel kivuga ko cashoboye kubona canke gusambura.

Uru rusobe ruri munsi ya Gaza rugizwe n’ibintu vyinshi, harimwo amayira, ivyumba bitandukanye hamwe n’amarembo y’imyobo.

Muri ubu butumwa bwihwejwe na BBC, 36 muri bwo bwavuga amarembo y’imyobo arenga 400. Hagati aho, gufata ko igitigiri c’ano marembo kingana n’ic’iyi myobo kwoba ari ukwihenda, nk’uko bivugwa na Dr. Daphné Richemond-Barak, umuhinga mu bijanye n’intambara zo mu kuzimu akaba n’umwigisha kuri kaminuza Reichman University muri Israel.

Uno muhinga avuga ko gusambura ano marembo ataco bimaze kuri uru rusobe. Yongerako ati: "Si nibaza ko ino ntambara yasambuye amayira yose yo mu kuzimu".

Ni co gituma icegeranyo c’umwihwezo washizwe ahabona n’igendereza rya Amerika mu kwa gatatu gifata ko, kubona Israel itorohewe gusenyura urusobe rw’amayira yo mu kuzimu ya Hamas, bizotuma uno muhari ushobora kubandanya uhanganye n’umwansi wayo mu kiringo c’imyaka itari mike.

Iki cegeranyo c’umukuru w’igendereza rya Amerika, Avril Haines, kivuga kiti: “Israel ishobora kuzokwama ihangana na Hamas gisirikare mu myaka iri imbere, kandi igisirikare ntikizokworoherwa mu gusambura inyubako za Hamas zo mu kuzimu zituma uno muhari ushobora kwinyegeza, kwiyubaka no gutera giturumbuka ingabo za Israel”.

Amezi atandatu mu ntambara, abanya-Palestina bibaza iki ku bategetsi babo muri Cisjordanie na Gaza

“Igitero rutura co kwihora” umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Israel Benjamin Netanyahu yatanguje kuri Hamas nticagize ingaruka mbi kuri Gaza yonyene.

Mu kandi karere ka Palestina, Cisjordanie/West Bank, Israel imaze gukora ibitero bitari bike vyatikiriyemwo abantu ku mirwi yitwaje ibirwanisho, aho abasivire b’inzirakarengane bishwe. Yahagaritse kandi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bakiri mu mabohero bataracirirwa urubanza.

Abarimyi b’Abanya-Palestina barirukanywe mu matongo yabo biturutse kw’isekeza ry’iterabwoba rikorwa n’intagondwa n’abimukira b’Abayahudi, rimwe na rimwe rirangwamwo n’ubwicanyi.

Ibiharuro ngereranyo vyerekana ko Abanya-Palestina benshi bishimira ibitero vyakozwe na Hamas ku wa 7 Gitugutu (10) umwaka uheze wa 2023.

Khalil Shikaki, umwigisha wa kaminuza mu vyo ubuhinga akongera kaba umukuru w’ikigo Palestinian Center for Policy and Polling Research (PCPSR), yabwiye BBC ko n’abasanzwe banka Hamas bashima ingene ibitero kuri Israel vyashoboye gufata iya mbere mu rugamba rwo guharanira ukwikukira kwa Palestina muri ako karere k’Ubuseruko bwo hagati.

PCPSR ni ikigo c’ubushakashatsi cigenga gifise icicaro i Ramallah, umugwa mukuru wa Cisjordanie/West Bank, kikaba kuva mu 1990 gikora ubushakashatsi ku vyiyumviro vy’abanyagihugu mu turere tw’Abanya-Palestina uko amezi atatu aheze.

Mu biharuro biheruka vyegeranijwe mu banya-Palestina bo muri Cisjordanie na Gaza mu kwa gatatu, 71% vy’ababajijwe bavuga ko bashima ingingo ya Hamas yo gukora iki gitero co muri Gitugutu.

Babajijwe kandi uruhande bibaza ko ruzotahukana intsinzi muri ino ntambara, hagati ya Hamas na Israel, 64% bakaba bishuye ko ari Hamas.

Ku kibazo c’ukumenya nimba boba bashigikiye abategetsi babo, ababajijwe babandanya berekana ko bashigikiye Hamas irongoye Gaza kuva mu 2007, ariko kandi bakiyamiriza bivuye inyuma Mahmoud Abbas, umukuru w’Ubutegetsi bw’Abanya-Palestina busanzwe burongoye Cisjordanie kandi bushigikiwe n’Uburengero.

70% vy’Abanya-Palestina babajijwe muri Gaza na Cisjordanie barishimiye ukungene Hamas ivyifatamwo muri ino ntambara, mu gihe 14% bonyene ari bo bashigikiye Abbas.

Ku kibazo co kumenya uwo botora mu gihe hoba amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu hagati y’abategetsi babiri - Mahmoud Abbas wa Fatah, hamwe na Ismail Haniya wa Hamas - 37% bashima Haniya, 11% bonyene bakaba ari bo bashima Abbas.

Muri Cisjordanie, Mahmoud Abbas abandanya yankwa n’abanyagihugu. Ibiharuro vyerekana ko 93% vy’abanya-Cisjordanie bipfuza ko atanga imihoho. Muri Gaza naho 71% ni bo bashaka ko Abbas atanga imihoho.

None Hamas ifise kazoza nyabaki muri poritike ya Gaza inyuma n’intambara?

Hari benshi bibaza ingene Gaza izorongorwa inyuma y’intambara, ariko gushika ubu nta nyishu irashobora kuboneka.

Ku ruhande rwa Israel, ikizwi ni iciyumviro Benjamin Netanyahu yatanze mu kwa kabiri, iki naco kikaba kidashiramwo ubutegetsi bwa Palestina muri reta izoza muri Gaza.

Abahinga kw’isi yose baranegura bikomeye uno mugambi wiwe utegekanya ko Israel ari yo izobandanya igenzura gisirikare aka karere.

Nk’uko Ethar Shalaby, umunyamakuru wa BBC mu gisata c’ururimi rw’icarabu abivuga, hari ivyiyumviro vyinshi bishikirizwa vy’ukungene Gaza yorongorwa inyuma y’intambara, vyose bikaba bifatira ku kungene ibintu vyogenda mu gihe Netanyahu yobandanya ari ku butegetsi, canke ku wuzotsinda amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu muri Amerika muri Munyonyo (11).

Shalaby ati: “Hari ababona ko ubutegetsi bwa Palestina bushobora kugaruka muri Gaza, ariko abandi ntibabibone uko.

“Hari kandi ababona ko ingabo z’akarere zishobora kurungikwayo mu gihe kanaka c’imfatakibanza, mu gihe abandi nabo barindiriye ishingwa rya reta ya gisivire izogenzurwa n’inzego zijejwe umutekano za Israel.

“Ariko gushika ubu, umuntu aravye ingene Gaza yabaye umusaka, nta nzira nyayo iraboneka ifatiye kuri ibi vyiyumviro”.

Kumbure ikintu kimwe conyene ni uko ivyiyumviro vyose bishira ku ruhande uruhara rwa Hamas muri reta iyo ari yo yose yoshingwa muri Gaza.

Ariko abahinga bashimangira ko bizoba bigoye cane kuzobona ubutegetsi ubwo ari bwo bwose bwa Palestina muri Gaza buzoba budafitaniye canke butigeze bugira ubucuti na Hamas ku rugero kanaka.

Sarah Yerkes, umushakashatsi ku kigo Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, abwira BBC ati: “Ntibishoboka kwiyambura abantu bose bafitaniye ubucuti na Hamas.

“Ndatahura icipfuzo co gukura Hamas ku butegetsi no kuyaka ubushobozi bwo kugenzura Gaza, ariko sinibaza ko Israel ishobora kwigiza kure buri muntu uwo ari we wese yakoranye na reta ya Hamas. Nta n’umwe boronka yorongora Gaza abifitiye uburambe”.

Hari amakuru avuga ko abategetsi ba Hamas bari mu biganiro bifise intumbero yo kwemera ubutegetsi bushasha bwa Palestina muri Gaza biciye mu gushinga reta yoba igizwe n’abantu bafise ubuhinga butandukanye.

Dr. Mukheimer Abu Saada, umwigisha w’ivyigwa vya poritike kuri kaminuza ya Al-Azhar muri Gaza, yemeza ko iki ari co kintu ca mbere gishoboka cane inyuma y’intambara ya muri Gaza.

Yabwiye BBC ati: “Iki ni co kintu ca mbere gishoboka kubera ni co gishobora kwemerwa na Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hamwe n’ibihugu vy’Abarabu”.

Yongerako kandi ati: “Yoba reta nshasha, igizwe n’abashikiranganji bashasha ata sano na rimwe bafitaniye na Hamas.

“Nibaza ko iyi reta yokwakirizwa yompi na Amerika hamwe n’amakungu, kandi nubwo Netanyahu atoyishima, nta burenganzira yoba afise bwo gufata ingingo”.