France: Urugendo rurerure rwa 'Extreme-droite' rwo gushikira ubutegetsi mu Bufaransa

Marine Le Pen yaragize urugendo, ashikana umugambwe wa 'Extreme-droite' (uhagaze ku migenzo ya kera no gudashima abimukira) mu kibanza ushobora gukabakaba ubutegetsi mu gihugu c'Ubufaransa.

N'inyuma y'aho asubiriye se wiwe ku burongozi bwa Front National, muri 2011, yamaze imyaka agerageza gushika ku rugero rwo kuwukurako iceyi, rwari rukenewe kugira wiyumve nk'umugambwe wimirije gufata ubutegetsi.

Politike yiwe ku bimukira no gushira imbere guha inzu n'akazi abafaransa yarabigumije, ariko uwo mupfasoni arongoye uwo mugambwe wa Front National yerekana isura y'umuntu ari hagati na hagati kandi atahurwa n'abantu benshi.

"Ego ndi umuntu yorora inyabu yabigize umwuga, mu yindi nzira ndi umurimyi," uko ni ko yavugiye kuri France Inter mu kwezi kwa mbere. Le Pen afise inyabu zitandatu kandi ziragaragara ku mavideo yo ku rubuga rwiwe rwa Tik Tok eka mbere no ku rubuga rwiwe rwa Instagram.

Igihe umuhinga muri politike Chloe Morin yabaza umugwi w'abazitaba amatora i Lille mu mwaka uheze uko babona uwo mudamu, inyabu ni zo zaza imbere. Ni nde atokwizera urya mupfasoni w'inyabu?

Ashobora kuboneka nk'umuntu ari hagati na hagati, ariko politike yiwe nta ho itandukaniyeko n'iyahahoze ku bimukira, ku bwenegihugu no kuri Islam. Emmanuel Macro yavuze ko politike yiwe ishingiye ku macakubiri ashingiye ku rukoba.

James Shields, yigisha igifaransa muri kaminuza ya Warwick avuga ko amajambo yerekana amacakubiri afatiye ku rukoba atagikoreshwa. Ariko amategeko n'ingingo vy'uwo mugambwe wa se wiwe umaze igihe kirekire vyo kugwanya abimukira ntibirahinduka na gato.

Le Pen agiye mu ngunga ya kibiri y'amatora yo ku musi w'Imana afise amahirwe yo gutsinda.

Bitandukanye no mu myaka itanu iheze aho atari yiteguye, aho yabuze ayo acira n'ayo amira mu kiganiro co ku mboneshakure imbere y'amatora Macron yatsinze aronse ibice bibiri kuri bitatu vy'amajwi.

Ivyago vy'umuryango

Ariko aramaze kuvyifatamwo neza gusumba se wiwe, Jean-Marie Le Pen, yatsindiye kuja mu ngunga ya kabiri y'amatora mu 2002 yishimikije kugwanya abimukira no gusubiza igihugu ku murongo. Yatsinzwe kubera ibice 82% biyamirije politike yiwe bagereranije n'ubumara.

Uwo yari umugabo atahengeshanije kuvuga, kuva mu 1987, ko ivyumba vy'abanazi biciramwo abantu hakoreshejwe gaz ari "akantu gato kabaye mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi yose" kandi yagumye yagirizwa urwanko ku bayahudi.

Imyiyamamazo yiwe ubu ifise ivyivugo vya Marine prezida kandi "Ku bafaransa bose". Nta zina rya Le Pen rivugwa, ukwikurako iceyi gusa n'ukuriko kurakunda.

Afise imyaka icenda, ni ho yabona uko se wiwe ameze, igihe yacika kw'icumu ku gitero ca bombe co mu 1976, cononye cane inzu y'umuryango wa Le Pen hagati mu gisagara ca Paris.

Mu gitabo c'ubuzima bw'iwe arasigura ingene we na bakuru we babiri "bari bapfukamye hasi, bagugumwa, bafatanye amaboko... aho twumva ijwi rya data avugira hejuru: "Bakobwa bakobwa muracari bazima?"

Mu nyuma, abana bigana bahawe itegeko ryo kutamwegera: "Haciye hashirwaho umuzingi wo kwikingira iruhande yacu - Ntimwegere ba Le Pen."

Hanyuma igihe yari afise imyaka 16, nyina wiwe Pierrette yaciye ajana n'umwanditsi w'igitabo c'ubuzima bwa se wiwe. Ku mwana w'umuyabaga nka Marine, cabaye igihe kibabaje catumye yegera cane se wiwe.

Mu gitabo c'ubuzima bwiwe casohotse mu 2011 avuga ati: "Namaze ukwezi kose n'igice nyogwa buri musi. Ntivyakunda ko nigaburira."

Imyaka yamaze muri ivyo bintu yatumye akomantara cane inyuma nk'uko asanzwe abizwiko. Agatwengo yerekana imbere y'abafata amafoto kamara umwanya urume rumara.

Umugenzi wiwe Steeve Briois yabwiye BBC ati: "Inyuma y'ibintu vyose yaciyemwo mu buto bwiwe, yaciye yiyugara". Yagumye ari umugenzi wiwe wa hagafi, nk'umukuru w'igisagara afise ku muzirikanyi ca Henin-Beaumontm mu buraruko bw'Ubufaransa.

Umushingwamanza w'abimukira badakurikije amategeko

Inyuma yo kuronka urupapuro rw'umutsindo muri imwe muri za kaminuza z'i Paris zigisha amategeko mu ntango za 1990, yaciye akora akazi ko kuburanira abadashobora kuronaka amahera yo kuriha abashingwamanza. Rimwe na rimwe wasanga harimwo abimukira badakurikije amategeko. Babimubajije mu nyuma, yavuze ko atabona ahari ubudasa: "Ni ibiremwa muntu, barafise uburenganzira, ntawobarenganya ku bijanye na politike y'abimukira."

Umushingwamanza w'i Paris, Basile Ader yabwiye BBC ati: "Ndatangarira ingene aguma atuje kandi akanashobora kugumana imigenderanire myiza mu kazi n'aho yaba yikoreye umuzigo w'uko se wiwe avugwa."

Mu 1998, ntiyari bwamenyere neza akazi. Narababajwe n'ingene abandi bashingwamanza bamwigira kure kubera politike ya se wiwe.

Inyuma y'imyaka itandatu, yaciye ava muri ako kazi, agenywe mu kibanza co hejuru kiraba ivyo amategeko muri Front National.

Hariho akantu ka mpinga yanje aho mu 2004 yaratowe nk'umushingamateka w'ishirahamwe ry'Ubumwe bwa Buraya anamarayo imyaka 13.

Ugutandukana na se.

N'imbere y'uko asubirira se wiwe nk'umukuru wa Front National, vyaragaragara ko afise amakenga kuri bimwe mu vyiyumviro vyerekeye kahise k'abanazi.

Igihe mu 2005, Jean-Marie Le Pen yabwira ikinyamakuru ca 'Extreme-droite' ko igihe abadagi bigarurira Ubufaransa "ata bikorwa bibi vyakorewe abantu n'aho habaye amakosa amwe amwe", yariyumviriye gutanga imihoho mu mabanga y'icegera ciwe. Umuhanuzi wiwe Bruno Bilde avuga ko mu mutima wiwe yaniyumviriye guheba politike.

Kazoza ka se wiwe kagiye kwerekanwa n'igihe mu matora ya 2007 yaronka amajwi 10% hanyuma mu kiringo c'imyaka ine, Marine Le Pen ni we yahagarariye umugambwe.

Igihe yariko ariyamamariza kurongora uwo mugambwe, isura ya kazoza ya Front National yarateje agashavu. Yabwiye abamushigikiye i Lyon ko kubona aba Islam bariko barasengera mu mabarabara vyasa n'igihe abanazi bigarurira Ubufaransa. Ubwa mbere haje "ukwongerekana kwo kwambara ibitambara" hanyuma "ukwiyongera kwa Burkha". Ubu nta bimodoka bitamenwa canke abasirikare bahari "ariko haracari ukwigarurirwa kandi biraremera abanyagihugu".

"Extreme-droite ni isura y'ubuntu" ni ko umufaransa Bernard-Henri Lévy yagereranije Marine mu gihe kimwe. Yaranakuweko iceyi co guhembera urwanko.

Yaciye kandi yihutira kwikurako bamwe mu batama bari bashigikiye Le Pen, benshi muri bo berekana ko bashima intwaro ya Vichy yakoranye n'aba Nazi mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi yose.

Ariko guha amahera "Extreme-droite" mu Bufaransa biracaboneka nabi ku buryo yagiye gusaba ideni Uburusiya rya miliyoni 11 z'ama Euro mu mwaka Vladimir Putin yigarura ubutaka bwa Ukraine. Yaranashigikiye ubutegetsi bw'Uburusiya mu matora y'amayeri yo kwigarurira Crime.

Le Pen yashize inguvu nyinshi k'uco abona kibangamiye ubuzima bw'abafaransa: "Ikwiragira rya Islam, gufatira mu kivunga, EU n'ifaranga rya Euro. Mu matora ya 2012 yabaye uwa gatatu.

Mu 2017, Front National yari irongowe n'urwaruka rw'abahinga mu gukoresha YouTube aho baronse ababashigikira benshi hirya no hino mu Bufaransa. Uwo mugambwe wararonse intsinzi mu matora y'ibanze, aya Buraya hamwe n'ay'uturere, unavuga ko ufise aba Islam n'abayahudi bawushigikiye.

N'aho yatsinzwe cane na Emmanuel Macron mu matora y'umukuru w'igihugu, yararonse amajwi ashika ku miliyoni 7.7.

Yoba yaramaze ubumara muri 'Extreme-droite'?

Inyuma y'imyaka itanu, ashobora kwishimira kuba yaratumye uwo mugambwe ushobora gutorwa mbere cane, kubera izina ryoroheje rya Rassemblement National no kwemerera abantu kwicisha bugufi bitangukanye n'ivyo bagiriza prezida ko aterekwa abantu bato bato.

Ariko aratembera mw'isoko yemereye abantu ko "Nzotwara igihugu nk'umuvyeyi - ata gusesagura kandi nkurikije uko bibereye". Mu gihe rero ingorane ya mbere y'amatora ari ingene ubuzima bugenda buzimba, yibanze cane ku kugira imyiyamamazo kuri ico kintu. Abantu ntibagishoboye gutunga imodoka: Yavuze vyo.

Prof James Shields yagize ati: "Imigambi ya Rassemblement National co kimwe n'iya Front National yayitanguriye, iracubakiye ku bafaransa ubwabo ubwa mbere, kubaronsa akazi imbere y'abandi, amazu, imfashanyo zo mu mibano hamwe n'amagara yabo.

Yibaza ko Le Pen ashobora kutabandanya ashigikira kuva muri Eu, ariko imigambi yiwe ishobora gutuma haba ugukwaruzanya, bishobora gutuma impera n'imperuka Ubufaransa bukura meza muri iryo shirahamwe.

Ku ba Islam b'abafaransa, ivyo asaba vyo kwirinda kwitwikira mu bibanza bigenewe abantu benshi birabateye amakenga cane.

Igihe umupfasoni ari mu karuhuko k'iza bukuru yitwikiriye yamuhamagarira kubaha amahoro mu ndwi iheze, Le Pen yavuze ko mu bice bimwe bimwe biba ngombwa ko abapfasoni bitwikira kugira ntibahave babonwa nabi.

Uwo mupfasoni yitwa Fatima, yasiguye ko yatanguye kwitwikira amaze gukura, ashaka kuvuga ko yari afise abuzukuru.

Le Pen yagirizwa n'abo bahanganye ko yiyamamariza gusa aho afise abanywanyi. Ariko igihe abamwiyamiriza batangura gusemerera ngo "Fasciste" bakamusaba gukinjura, yaragerageje kubandanya amwenyura, avuga ko uko inyishu zikariha ari na ko aguma aronka amahirwe yo gutsinda amatora.

Mu gihe yotahukana intsinzi, se wiwe Jean-Marie Le Pen ashobora kunezerwa cane. Ariko abandanya yemeza ko hari "ibihumbi" vy'ubudasa hagati yabo.

Marine yasiguye ati: "Yari prezida w'umuhari mu ntango wo kwerekana akababaro hanyuma uhinduka uwutavuga rumwe na reta. Naratunganije akazi ku migwi yanje "ku buryo dushobora kuja ku butegetsi tukanashira mu bikorwa ivyiyumviro vyacu".