Sudan ko Chadi? Abin da ya sa wani sarki a Darfur yake da-na-sanin hulda da turawa

A jerin wasikun da muke samu daga 'yan jaridar Afirkas, Zeinab Mohammed Salih ta bayyana cewa wasu mutane da ke sake fuskantar hare-hare a yankin Darfur sun yi da-na-sanin hade su da aka yi da Sudan shekaru dari da suka gabata.

"Ina ma dai an hada mu da Chadi maimakon Sudan," in ji Saad Bahar Addin, sarkin Dar Massalit, wani yankin mai fadin gaske da ke da iyaka da kasashern biyu.

Sanye da rawani da alkyabba irin ta kasar Sudan, basaraken ya yi wannan tsokaci ne yayin da yake yin jawabi ga dimbin mutanen garin Massalit - galibinsu manoma bakaken-fata - yayin da suke zaune a karkashin inuwar bishiya don guje wa ranar da ake tsalawa a garin Adeykong da ke kusa da Chadi.

Sun tsere daga harin da mayakan Janjaweed da ke da alaka da gwamnatin Sudan suka kai a garinsu a farkon wannan watan, da kuma makwabtan kauyuka.

An kashe kusan mutum biyar sanna aka raba mutanen kusan 37,000 daga gidajensu a wani rikici da aka dauki tsawon lokaci ana yi tsakanin manoma bakaken-fata da Larabawa da ke yankin Darfur.

Ana kallon rikicin a matsayin na wariyar launin fata, yayin da Larabawa da dama suke kallon mutanen Massalit a matsayin bayi.

"Ba ma bari bayi su sauko daga kan tsaunuka, kuma ba za mu iya zuwa can ba, don haka idan muka gan su za mu harbe su," a cewar wata mata 'yar Janjaweed mai shekara 23 da ke kauyen Sanidadi, wurin da yawancin Larabawa suke kitsa hare-haren da suke kai wa. "Amma idan suka ga awakanmu, suna kama su su cinye."

Masu mamaya na Faransa

Dar Massalit yana Jihar Yammacin Darfur, sai dai wani yanki nasa na cikin gabashin Chadi sakamakon iyakokin da aka shata lokacin mulkin turawa.

An hade galibin yankin ne da Sudan shekara 100 da suka gabata - a shekarar 1922 - bayan an yi yarjejeniya da shugaban yankin, Sultan Bahar Addin, da gwamnatin Faransa da kuma turawan Birtaniya da suka mulki Sudan.

Dar Massalit shi ne yankin daya tilo a Sudan da ba a yi wa mulkin-mallaka ba. Mutanen Massalit sun murkushe dakarun Faransa sau biyu - a watan Janairu da watan Nuwamba na 1910 - a yayin da suke kokarin fadada ikonsu zuwa gabashin inda a yanzu ake kira Chadi.

Daya daga cikin alamun turjiyar da mutanen Massalit suka nuna ga masu neman mamayarsu a wancan lokacin shi ne garin Kreinik.

Sai dai a watan jiya an kai wa garin mummunan hari - inda yawancin mutanen da suka tsere daga Massalit suke zaune a yanzu. An zargi mayakan Janjaweed da kai harin da ya yi sanadin mutuwar fiye da mutum 200, ciki har da kananan yara da tsofaffi.

An kona kusan dukkan gidajen da ke garin, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 80 daga gabashin birnin Geneina - su kansu dabbobin garin an kona su.

Hare-haren baya bayan nan na cikin mafiya muni tun da aka soma yaki a yankin Darfur a 2003.

Ankashe dubban daruruwan mutane sannan an raba mutum fiye da miliyan uku daga muhallansu - wasu ma sau kusan biyar ana raba su da muhallansu, inda suke zaune a sansanonin 'yan and live in camps or government buildings.

'Hadin-kai mai ban-haushi kuma maras kyau'

Mutanen Massalit na kallon wadannan hare-hare a matsayin abu na karshe.

"Mutane da dama da na sani suna tserewa zuwa Chadi. Hakan abin haushi ne da bakin ciki game da hadin kan Sudan, sai dai na fahimci yadda mutane suke ji, musamman kisan kisan-kiyashin da ya faru a baya bayan nan," in ji Hatim Abdallah, wani mai fafutika daga Kreinik.

Yankin na Massalit da a baya yake da karfin gaske, ya yi matukar kaduwa bisa wadannan hare-hare, suna masu cewa gwamnatocin da suka gabata sun fifita "Larabawa" - suka yi watsi da bakaken-fata wajen samar musu da ilimi da kiwom lafiya da hasken wutar lantarki.

Turuwan mulkin-mallakar Faransa, wadanda ba su da tasiri yanzu, sun dora alhakin abubuwan da ke faruwa kan Omar al-Bashir, wanda aka tumbuke daga kan mulki a shekarar 2019 bayan ya kwashe kusan shekara 30 yana mulki, bisa rage karfin sojansu.

Gwamnatinsa ta yi yunkuri sosai wajen kwace makamansu yayin da ta take bai wa masu aikin sa-kai na Larabawa makamai.

"Ba su da makamai shi ya sa suke cikin wannan hali," a cewar Mohamed Abdallah Addouma, wani lauyan da ke kare hakkin dan adam kuma tsohon gwamnan Yammacin Darfur.

An yi watsi da kuri'ar raba-gardama yayin da ake tsaka da yaki

Yarjejeniyar da aka kulla a 1919 tsakanin Faransa da Birtaniya ta amince a gudanar da kuri'ar raba-gardama a 1994 - domin barin yankin Massalit ya yanke shawara kan ko yana son ci gaba da kasance a Sudan ko kuma ya hade da Chadi ko ma ya zama yanki mai cin gashin kansa - kamar yadda al'ummar Sudan ta Kudu ta yi a 2011 bayan ta kwashe kusan shekara 30 tana fafatawa kan abin da take gani a matsayin danniyar da Sudan take yi mata a fannin siyasa da tattalin arziki.

Sai dai an gaza gudanar da kuri'ar raba-gardama a Massalit - ba su nemi a gudanar ba, saboda "gwamnatin Bashir ta haddasa yake-yake da dama a wannan yankin, abin da ya sa mutane suka manta", a cewar Dr Tawheeda Yousif, wani babban jami'in gwamnatin jiha a Darfur.