Taron COP28 ya ƙulla yarjejeniyar da ta jefa ƙasashe masu tasowa cikin damuwa

Kusan ƙasashe 200 sun amince da wata yarjejeniya a karon farko don kauce wa ƙona gawayin kwal, da man fetur, da kuma iskar gas don samar da makamashi.

Sai dai wasu ƙasashe masu tasowa na fargabar cewa yarjejeniyar ba ta ƙunshi cikakkun bayanai ba.

Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya karo na 28 watau Conference of the Parties (COP28) a Turance da aka gudanar a Dubai, yana da ƙudiri babba guda ɗaya - tabbatar da ƙasashe sun cika alƙawarin rage ɗumamar duniya zuwa ma'aunin 1.5C.

Amma yayin da ake kammala muhawara a taron kuma jijiyoyi suka fara tashi, da alama shirin na cikin wani hali.

Da ma dai an shiga taron ne da zimmar ko dai a ƙulla yarjejeniya ko kuma a watse. Ƙasashe 198 da suka halarce shi dole ne su amince da matsaya ɗaya ko kuma su watse ba tare da cimma komai ba.

Matsayar farko da aka cimma ta jawo cecekuce daga ƙasashen da suka tsammaci za su ga maganar daina ƙona makamashi mai gruɓata muhallai "a hankali". A ƙarshe dai, tattaunawar da aka yi ta yi ta cimma yarjejeniyar "kauce wa amfani da makamashin a hankali".

Rahotonni sun ce ƙasashen ƙungiyar Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) masu arzikin fetur ne suka fi matsawa wajen ganin ba a tilasta daina amfani da makamashin ba. Ƙasashe masu arzikin fetur kama Daular Larabawa (UAE), a madadin haka sai ta mayar da hankali ƙirƙirar na'urorin zuƙe makamashin.

Duk da yarjejeniyar da aka cimma a ƙurarren lokaci, ƙasashen Bolivia da Samoa sun nuna damuwar cewa yarjejeniyar ba ta nemi ƙasashe masu arziki su jagoranci sauyin ba. Sun ce ba adalci ba ne a ce dukkan ƙasashe su sauya lokaci guda bayan tuni manyan ƙasashe suka gama cin gajiyar makamashin na fetur da gas da kuma kwal.

Kuma ma wani abu mai muhimmanci shi ne, kuɗin da za a gudanar da sauyin da shi, kundin bai ambace shi ba. Kundin kawai ya ce ne "akwai buƙatar" ƙarin kuɗi wajen tallafa wa ƙananan ƙasashe wajen aiwatar da sauyinda kuma shirya wa sauyin yanayi.

Wata ƙwararriya ta ƙungiyar agaji ta Oxfam, Nafkote Dabi, ta siffanta kundin yarjejeniyar a matsayin "wanda bai cika ba".

"Taron COP28 ya yi hannun riga da abin da aka yi tsammanin za a cimma," in ji ta.

"Taron bai samar da wani kuɗi ba don tallafa wa ƙasashe masu tasowa wajen aiwatar da sauyi zuwa makashi mai ɗorewa. Sannan manyan ƙasashe sun yi sanyi-sanyi wajen nauyin da ke kansu na taimaka wa mutanen da suka fi fama da illar sauyin yanayi, kamar na kudu da hamadar Sahara, bayan bala'in fari da kuma yunwa."

Ga biyar daga cikin darussan da muka koya da kuma muhawarar da aka tafka a COP28:

Makamashi mai tsafta

Ƙasashe fiye da 100 ne suka amince su ruɓanya makamashi mai tsafta sau uku nan da 2030. Za su iya yin koyi da ƙasashe kamar Uruguay, wadda ke amfani da kashi 98 cikin 100 na makashinta.

Kafin fara taron, Amurka da China sun ƙulla yarjejeniya don bunƙasa makamashi mai tsafta a tsakaninsu da kuma zuƙe tiriri mai gurɓata muhalli. Ƙasashen sun kuma yarda su saka tsarin rage tiririn a daftarin manufarsu game da sauyin yanayi, nan da 2025.

Ɓangaren lafiya

A karon farko, an ƙirƙiri Ranar Lafiya. Masu ba da sadaka a faɗin duniya sun yi alƙawarin samar da dala miliyan 700 don yaƙar cutukan da aka yi watsi da su.

Daga cikin abin da za a yi da kuɗin har da kawar da cutuka biyu a nahiyar Afirka nan da 2030 - cutar tundurmi (lymphatic filariasis) da kuma cutar makanta watau onchocerciasis a Turance.

A 2023, Nijar ce ƙasar Afirka ta farko da kawo ƙarshen cutar ta makanta, yayin da Senegal ke kan hanyar zama ta biyu. Ana fatan Tanzania za ta kai wannan matakin nan gaba.

Gidauniyar rage asara da illar sauyin yanayi

A taron COP27 da aka yi a Sharm-el-Sheikh na ƙasar Masar, shugabanni sun amince a karon farko su ƙirƙiri wata gidauniya don rage asara da kuma illar da sauyin yanayi ke haifarwa don tallafa wa ƙasashe, akasarinsu a kudancin duniya.

An sake amincewa da gudaniyar a ranar farko ta taron, inda ƙasashe suka yi alƙawarin bayar da dala miliyan 700.

Amma duk da alƙawarin, masu sharhi na cewa kuɗaɗen ba su kai abin da ake buƙata ba ko kaɗan a kudancin duniya.

Yanzu haka akwai ƙasashe a gabashin Afikra da ke buƙatar agajin gaggawa bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta shafe garuruwa masu yawa. Somaliya kaɗai ta ce tana buƙatar sama da dala biliyan biyar duk shekara cikin shekara 10.

Yanayi

A wani labarin mafi daɗi, taron COP28 ya kafa ɗambar fara bincike mai zurfi kan Kogin Kongo - gandun daji na biyu mafi girma a duniya.

An amince da rahoton ne a gefen taron. Za a bi irin salon da aka bi game da Dajin Amazon, wanda aka fara aikinsa a 2021 kuma aka tattara rahoto mai shafi 1,300 da ke taƙaita ijima'i na ƙwararru game da abin da suka gano a dajin.

Wannan yunƙurin bincken ƙwaƙwaf ɗin kan gandun daji da muhalli a Kogin Kongo zai ƙunshi yadda dajin ke yin tasiiri a yanayin yankin da kuma yadda ɗan'adam ya yi masa katsalandan.

Ce-ce-ku-ce

Yayin da ake shirin fara taron, wani rahoton BBC ya bayyana cewa mai karɓar baƙi Daular Larabawa (UAE) na shirin amfani da shi wajen tallata hajarta ta fetur da gas.

Takardun da suka ɓulla sun nuna yadda UAE ke shirin tattauna kasuwancin fetur da makamashi da wasu ƙasashe 15. Hukumar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (MDD) da ke shirya taron ta ce tana fatan UAE za ta nuna dattako - ba tare da nuna wariya ba ko kuma son-kai.

Tawagar UAE ɗin ba ta ƙaryata batun amfani da taron wajen yin kasuwanci ba kuma ta jaddada cewa "tattaunawar sirri ta sirri ce". Duk da cewa ba ta bayyana abin da aka tattauna ba, ta ce ganawar tata ta mayar da hankali ne kan "cikakkun matakai kan yanayi".

A gefe guda kuma, shugaban taron na COP28, Sultan Al-Jabir, ya jawo wa kansa tsana bayan ya yi suɓul-da-baka kafin taron cewa ba ya ganin za a iya cimma muradin matakin 0 na ɗumamar duniya.