Jimmy Carter: Shugaban Amurka mafi tsawon rai a tarihi ya rasu

Tsohon shugaban Amurka Jimmy Carter ya rasu yana da shekara 100 a duniya, kamar yadda cibiyar da ya kafa ta tabbatar.

Tsohon manomin gyaɗa, ya fi kowane shugaban Amurka tsawon rai a tarihi, kuma ya cika shekara 100 ne a watan Oktoba.

Cibiyar Carter, wadda ke fafutukar tabbatar da dimokuraɗiyya da kuma kare haƙƙin bil'adama a faɗin duniya, ta ce ya rasu ne a ranar Lahadi a gidansa da ke jihar Georgia.

Bayan rikicin siyasa na Watergate, Jimmy Carter ya hau karagar mulki tare da yi wa Amurkawa alƙawarin ba zai taɓa yi musu ƙarya ba.

Manomin gyada ɗan asalin Georgia ya yafe wa waɗanda suka guje wa shiga yaƙin Vietnam, kuma ya zama shugaban ƙasa na farko a Amurka da ya ɗauki matsalar sauyin yanayi da muhimmanci.

A fagen duniya kuwa, ya taimaka wajen ƙulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya mai cike da tarihi tsakanin Masar da Israila, sai dai ya sha fama wajen warware taƙaddama garkuwa da Amurkawa da aka yi a Iran da kuma mamayar da tarayyar Soviet ta yi wa Afghanistan.

Sakamakon alaƙa mai kyau a shekarun 1970, a shekarar 1979, Carter ya bayyana cewa Amurka za ta ƙulla ƙawancen diflomasiyya da China.

Wannan na nufin dole Amurka ta yanke alaƙarta da Taiwan kuma ta kulle ofishin jakadancinta da ke Taipei.

Bayan wa'adi ɗaya a kan mulki, Ronald Reagan ya ƙwace mulki bayan Carter ya yi nasara a jihohi shida kacal a shekarar 1980.

Bayan barin fadar White House, Carter ya koma ayyukan tabbatar da zaman lafiya, da samar da kyakkyawan muhalli da kuma kare haƙƙin bil'adama ba dare ba rana, wanda hakan ya kai shi ga samun lambar yabon Nobel.

Tsawon shekaru 77, ya samu goyon bayan uwargidarsa Rosalynn kafin rasuwarta a watan Nuwamban bara. A saƙonsa na ƙarshe gare ta, ya ce ita ce ''abokiyarsa a dukkanin nasarorin da ya samu''.

Shugaban ƙasar Amurka da yafi kowanne tsawon shekaru a tarihin Amurka, ya yi jinyar cutar kansa, wanda daga baya ya koma jinya a gidansa da ke Georgia.

Haihuwa da addini

An haifi James Earl Carter Jr a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1924 a wani ƙaramin gari mai suna Plains da ke jihar Georgia, kuma shi ne babban ɗa a cikin ƴaƴa huɗu.

Mahaifinsa mai nuna wariyar launin fata, ya kafa kasuwancin iyalinsu na noman gyaɗa, mahaifiyarsa kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya ce.

Ya shahara a buga wasan kwando lokacin da yake karatun sakandare. Kasancewar Carter ya shaida yadda duniya ta samu karayar tattalin arziƙi, da kuma imaninsa na addinin kirista mai bin aƙidar Baptist, waɗannan abubuwa biyu sun yi tasiri a tsarinsa na siyasa.

Ya shafe shekara 7 a cikin rundunar sojin ruwan Amurka, a wannan lokacin ne ya auri Rosalynn, ƙawar ƙanwarsa, kuma daga baya ya zama cikin masu sarrafa jirgin yaƙi na ƙarƙashin ruwa. Sai dai bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa a shekarar 1953, ya dawo domin ci gaba da kula da gonar gidansu.

An tafka asara a noman shekarar farko saboda fari, amma daga baya Carter ya kawo sauyi ga kasuwancin kuma ya tara dukiya mai yawa ta hakan.

Ya fara siyasa tun daga ƙasa, inda aka zaɓe shi zuwa majalisar mashawarta a makarantu da ɗakunan karatu, kafin yayi takarar neman kujera a majalisar dattijai na Georgia.

Fafutukar kare haƙƙoƙi

Siyasar Amurka ta ɗauki zafi bayan hukuncin kotun ƙoli na kawo ƙarshen wariya a makarantu.

Duba ga tarihinsa na kasancewa manomi daga wata jiha da ke kudanci, an yi tsammanin Carter zai kalubalanci wannan hukunci, sai dai shi yana da mahanga daban da mahaifinsa.

A yayin wa'adinsa na biyu a majalisar dokokin jihar, ya guje wa samun saɓani da masu nuna wariya - ciki har da wasu da dama da ke jamiyyar Democrat.

Amma da hawansa kujerar Gwamnan Georgia a 1970, ya ƙara fitowa fili yana bayyana goyon bayansa ga kare haƙƙin bil'adama.

'Ina bayyana muku ƙarara,'' ya faɗi a jawabinsa na kama mulki, ' cewa lokacin wariyar launin fata ya kawo ƙarshe'.

Ya manna hotunan ɗan rajin ƙwatar ƴancin baƙaƙen fata, Martin Luther King a bangon majalisar dokoki, a yayin da ƙungiyar fararen fata ƴan Amurka masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ke zanga-zanga a wajen majalisar. Ya kuma tabbatar da cewa an bai wa Amurkawa ƴan asalin Afirka ayyukan yi.

Sai dai, ya sha fama wajen samun daidaito tsakanin imaninsa mai ƙarfi na addinin kirista da kuma ra'ayinsa na sassauci a lokacin muhawara kan dokar zubar da ciki.

A lokacin da Carter ya ƙaddamar da gangamin neman zaɓensa na shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 1974, ƙasar na ci gaba da kaɗuwa saboda badaƙalar Watergate.

Ya bayyana kansa a matsayin manomin gyaɗa, ba kamar sauran ƴan siyasan da ake yi wa kallon gurbatattu ba.

Shan kaye a hannun Reagan

Carter ya sha gwagwarmaya a takarar neman zama ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar Democtrat a shekarar 1980, inda ya kayar da Sanata Edward Kennedy, sannan ya samu kashi 41 na ƙuri'un da al'umma suka kaɗa a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa.

Sai dai hakan bai isa abin da ake buƙata domin yin nasara kan abokin takararsa na jamiyyar Republican, Ronald Reagan ba. Tsohon jarumin fina-finan ya samu shigewa fadar White House ta hanyar samun nasara a ƙuri'un wakilan masu zaɓe, wanda aka kira electoral college.

A ranarsa ta ƙarshe a matsayin shugaban ƙasa, Carter ya bayyana nasarar kammala yarjejeniyar sakin Amurkawa waɗanda aka yi garkuwa da su. Iran ta jinƙirta lokacin dawowarsu sai bayan lokacin da aka rantsar da shugaba Reagan.

A madadin gwamnatin Amurka, ya kai wata ziyarar wanzar da zaman lafiya a Koriya ta Arewa, inda aka samu cimma wata yarjejeniya a ƙoƙarin ganin ƙasar ta yi watsi da aniyarta ta mallakar makamin nukiliya.

Ɗakin karatunsa, mai suna the carter presidential center, ya kasance wani gida da ake samar da shawarwari da shirye-shirye da nufin magance matsaloli da rikicin duniya.

A shekarar 2002, Carter ya kasance shugaba na uku bayan shugaba Theodore Roosevelt da Woodrow Wilson, da ya samu lambar yabo na Nobel, kuma shugaban ƙasa na farko da ya samu lambar yabon kan ayyukan sa bayan sauka daga kujerar shugaban ƙasa.

'Babbar matsalar da ake fuskanta a duniya,' a cewarsa a jikin jawabinsa bayan samun lambar yabon Nobel, ' ita ce karuwar bambancin da ke tsakanin masu kuɗi da talakawa a duniya.''

Tare da haɗin gwiwar Nelson Mandela, Carter ya ƙirƙiro 'The Elders', wata ƙungiyar shugabannin duniya waɗanda suka sadaukar da kansu wajen yin aiki domin samar da zaman lafiya da tabbatar da haƙƙin bil'adama.

Rayuwar ƙanƙan da kai

Bayan sauka daga mulki, Carter ya zaɓi yin rayuwa daidai wa daida.

Ya ƙaurace wa yin jawabai a taruka da kuma muƙamai masu kawo kuɗi domin yin rayuwa mai sauƙi tare da matarsa Rosalynn a garin Plains da ke Georgia, garin da aka haife su duka.

Carter bai nuna wata aniya ta tara duniya ba, tun a lokacin da yake mulki.

"Ban ga laifi a yin hakan ba, kuma ba na ganin laifin waɗanda suka yi hakan," ya shaida wa jaridar Washington post. "kawai bai taɓa zama burina in kasance mai kuɗi ba.''

Shi kaɗai ne shugaban ƙasa na zamani da ya koma zama a gidansa da yake zama kafin shiga siyasa, wani ɗan ƙaramin gida mai ɗakuna biyu.

A cewar jaridar, darajar gidan ya kai dala 167,000 - ƙasa da kuɗin motocincin jami'an tsaron da ke wajen gidan domin ba su kariya.

A shekarar 2015, ya bayyana cewa yana fama da cutar kansa, cutar da ta yi ajalin iyayensa da ƙannensa mata uku.

Watanni kaɗan bayan tiyatar da aka yi masa bayan karyewar ƙashin ƙugunsa, ya koma aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin sa kai a wata ƙungiya mai samar da muhalli, mai suna Habitat for Humanity.

Tsohon shugaban ƙasar da uwargidansa sun fara aiki tare da ƙungiyar a shekarar 1984, kuma a shekarun, sun taimaka wajen gyara gidaje fiye da 4,000.

Ya kuma ci gaba da koyarwa a wata makarantar ranar Lahadi a Cocin Maranatha Baptist a garin Plains.