Guhengama mu bushakashatsi gufatiye ku gitsina no ku rukoba

Ubushakashatsi bukorwa n’abantu, kandi nabo bafise uko babona ibintu mu buryo butandukanye.

Ibi vyatumye ‘haba guhengama kwisubiriza’ mu bumenyi, ugasanga bizanye n’ingaruka mu buzima bwa minsi yose, nk’uko bivugwa na Dr Lilian Hunt, ajejwe kurinda ikumira no guha amahirwe abantu mu butandukane bwabo, mw’ishirahamwe ‘Wellcome Trust’ rijejwe amagara y’abantu.

Aha turihweza uko guhengama bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri wewe – bifatiye ku gitsina, ubwoko bwawe n’aho uba.

Ibibumbano bikoreshwa mu kwigana amasanganya y’imodokari ni ivyo igitsina-gabo

Ubushakashatsi bwerekena ko abagabo bafise ivyago vyinshi vyo guhitanwa n’isanganya gusumba abagore.

Ariko icirwa cakozwe mu Bwongereza cerekana ko iyo umugore agize isanganya,  ariwe afise ivyago vyinshi vyo guhera mu modokari kurusha umugabo.

Abaganga bo ku bitaro vya kaminuza ya Plymouth barihweje ibiharuro vyegeranijwe mu masanganya  arenga 70,000, aho abarokotse bashizwe mu bitaro hagati y’umwaka wa 2012 na 2019.

N’ubwo muri ayo masanganya abagabo bari benshi gusumba abagore, ubwo bushakashatsi bwasanze abagore bagera kuri 16% baheze mu modokari, nayo abagabo akaba ari 9%.

Dr Lauren Weekes, umwe mu banditse icegeranyo kuri ico cirwa, avuga ko ikibazo nyamukuru ari uko ibipupe bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma uburyo imodokari zishobora kurindwa amasanganya, biba vyubatswe hisunzwe uko umubiri w’abagabo ungana n’uko uteye, hatitaweho umubiri w’abagore.

Dr Weeks agira ati: “Nk’akarorero, usanga urugero rw’abagore bavunika mu gice c’amagufa yo mw’iteranirizo ry’amaguru n’umutumba ari kinini gusumba abagabo, gutyo bikagora gusohoka imodokari.

Avuga ko bizwi neza ko amagufa yo mu rwicariro, asanzwe yagutse kandi ari mare mare ugereranije n’abagabo, ugasanga ibipupe bikoreshwa mu kwigana igihe habaye isanganya, vyogereranywa n’umukobwa w’imyaka 12 atarakumahara, aho kuba umugore akuze.

Ibitabo n’ubuhinga ku bijanye n’ubwonko, ntivyitaho ayandi moko atari ayo uruhu rwera

Ibitabo vyigisha abanyeshure ivyo ubuvuzi bw’ingwara zo ku ruhu, hirya no hino kw’isi, vyarirengagije abatari abo uruhu rwera  kuva kera.

Malone Mukwende vyaramubabaje gushika n’aho mu 2020 yashize hamwe agatabo k'ibimenyetso ku bafise uruhu rwirabura canke rw’umuhondo yise ‘Mind the Gap’.

Muri kino gihe, umwe mu banyeshure b’abaganga w’umwirabure, yanditse ku rubuga rwa Twitter ati: ‘Hari guhengama gushira imbere urukoba rwera mu nyigisho zitangwa mu buvuzi, bigatuma jewe na begenzi banje dushirwa ku ruhande.

"Birakenewe cane ko tumenya ubwo butandukane nk’abaganga, kugirango abarwayi tuzovura ntibagire ingaruka ziturutse kuri ubwo butamenya”.

Niko kw’uko no mu buhinga bukoreshwa mu gukora ubushakashatsi ku bwonko ntibigenda neza mu gihe umuntu afise imishatsi itsivye, ihotoye canke ihetamye. Ibi rero usanga bikumira abakomoka ku bwoko bw’Abanyafrika.

Abashakashatsi bo kuri kaminuza ya California, baratoye uburyo bushasha bwo guhangana n’iki kibazo.

Ariko n’utu turorero tubonetse muri iyi myaka ya vuba.

Amahinduka: hakozwe infashanyigisho yerekana umubiri w’umugore

Abanyeshure banonosora ubumenyi ku bihimba vy’imbere mu mubiri (Anatomie), bakomeza kwiga ibihimba vy’umugore bifashishije  igicapo co mu nyabwonko c’umuntu w’umugabo.

Ikigo c’ubushakashatsi mu magara y’abantu 'Elsevier health', kiriko kigerageza guhindura ibintu, mu kwezi kwa kane uyu mwaka, cakoze ikibumbano c’infashanyigisho c’igitsina-gore, cerekana ibihimba vyo mu nda.

Umwigisha kw’ishure ry’ubuganga rya Sussex, Clare Smith, yagize ati: “Ubwa kera hakoreshwa icerekana ibihimba vy’umuntu w’umugabo, tukagenda twongeramwo ibibumbano vy’umugore mu kwerekana ubutandukane nk’aho womenga ni uguhomeka ko.

Avuga ko ico gishusho c’igitsina-gore bakoresha muri kino gihe giteye neza, atari ivya kera wasanga igitereko c’umugore kigapfa guterekwa mu ntantu z’umubiri ubumvye bwa mugabo.

Yasmin, umunyeshure muvyo ubuganga, avuga ko ico kibumbano gishasha cazanye ubudasa bunini cane, kuko kubwiwe ngo “abagore si abagabo bafise umutumba mutoyi’ nk’uko bikunze kwerekanwa mu bitabo”.

Nta buryo canke ivyirwa bikwiye bikorwa ku magara y’umugore

Dr Hunt avuga ko impamvu ukwo guhengama mu bushakashatsi kugira ingaruka ku mugore, n’uko ‘gushira uburyo mu bijanye n’amagara y’abantu b’igitsina-gore, canke kubikorako ubushakashatsi, bititaweho ku rugero rukwiye’.

Asobanura ko "hakiri vyinshi bikeneye gukorwako ubushakashatsi ku magara y’umugore, haba ku buzima bw’umuvyeyi, n’ibifatiye ku bihe vyo kuja mu kwezi.

Yibaza ko impamvu ziri inyuma y’ivyo zituruka ku bushobozi n’amafranga.

Ati: “Bituruka ahanini ku wufise ububasha kuri ubwo bushakashatsi, n’uwufise amafranga yo kubukora. Gutyo, ni igiki bibaza ko ari nkenerwa gikwiye kubanza”?

Ikindi kandi birava n’aho umuntu asanzwe aba

Dr Hunt avuga ko ikiza ca Covid cabaye akarorero ku kugene ubumenyi bubonetse mu bihugu bikeyi bwateye ama leta yose gufata ingingo.

Ingingo za leta, zifashwe hamwe zirakoreshwa ahandi hose, ugasanga bitandukaniye gusa ku nyungu zivamwo canke uburyo bushirwamwo.

WEIRD n’ijambo ry’impfunyapfunyo, risobanura mu buryo burambuye, ibihugu vyo mu burengero bw’isi, bifise ubumenyi n’iterambere, bitunze kandi bigendera ku ntwaro ya demokarasi (Western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic societies).

Ivyo bigize ibice 12% vy’abatuye isi, ariko bigaserukira abagera kuri 80% ku bafise uruhara mu vyirwa vy’ubushakashatsi.

Dr Hunt avuga ko "ben’ivyo bihugu ari vyo bifise amafranga yo gushora mu bushakashatsi, ugasanga nivyo bifata ingingo z’ubushakashatsi bukeneye gukorwa, bagahitamwo ikiza imbere".

Agira ati: “Ingingo zakomeje kuza zifatiye ku kwibaza y’uko, iyo uri umuntu kanaka, ufise amagara ameze ukunaka, ko kumbure kwambara agafukamunwa canke canke kuguma ukwa wenyene bikwiye. Ariko hari abandi bari bafise ibindi bibazo, ku buryo kuri bo ivyo bitari bikwiye".

Dr Hunt avuga ko “iciyumviro co kuguma muhira cari ciza kuri bamwe, ariko abafise amazu atameze neza ku magara yabo, canke babana ari benshi, ahubwo vyatuma bibagora gusumba".

Ku bwiwe ngo ‘rero impanuro, izo ngingo, ivyo vyiyumviro, vyari bikwiye kuva mu bushakashatsi budakumira kuri bose. Atari uko naho, biraheza bigafasha bake cane ariko bikagira ingaruka kuri benshi’.

Uretse n’ivyo, gutwara no kubika bimwe mu bikoresho vyifashishwa nk’incanco zakozwe hifashishijwe mRNA, zitegerezwa kuguma ku bukonje buri hasi cane, vyaragoranye kwifashisha hose kw’isi, ubwo bumenyi bwatowe.

Dr Hunt avuga ko aho ariho ‘babonye ko iyo haza kuba hari harakozwe ubushakashatsi kuri urwo rucanco aho rwabwirizwa gutangwa, bari kuba babonye ibibazo vy’ingene rubikwa n’uko rushobora kuhashika.

Hakwiye ‘demokarasi ku bumenyi'

Dr Hunt aravuga ko ikibazo co guhengama mu bumenyi, kwaba gushingiye ku budasa bw’igitsina, urukoba, ubusumbane muri sosiyete, vyose bikenewe ko hatangwa ubwisanzure mu bushakashatsi.

Inzira imwe mu gushika kuri ivyo, avuga ko ari kwemerera abashakashatsi baturuka mu mice itandukanye y’abantu bakaba abahinga mu bumenyi bw’ubushakashatsi.

Agira ati: “Buri muntu wese aza azanye ivyo yaciyemwo, ivyo ashira imbere, bigatuma agira uko abona ibintu”.

Ku bwiwe ibi ngo umwe wese arabivukana ntawubihata, rero bikenewe ko haba abantu batandukanye mu bushakashatsi kugirango haboneke ivyiyumviro bishasha.

Iyindi nzira ngo ni ugutanga ubwisanzure mu bushakashatsi, uburyo bugatangwa habanje kwihwezwa nimba imigwi y’ubushakashatsi yujuje ibisabwa mu guserukira imigwi itandukanye y’abantu mu budasa bwabo.

Dr Hunt avuga ko ‘imigwi y’ubushakashatsi mu bihugu vyinshi iza yaratanguye gukora ivyo, hari ubudasa bwinshi mu mwimbu bitanga’.

Ati muri rusangi nta nzira imwe iboneka yokwirikizwa yerekana uko ibihugu bikwiye kuvyifatamwo, ariko biratanguye kugenda vyitabwaho.

Ico Dr Hunt yizeye n’uko abakora ubushakashatsi bakwiye kwihweza icokorwa mu kurwanya ukwo guhengama.

Arangiza agira ati: “Tumaze imyaka mirongo, ndetse amajana dukora ibintu, ubwo twihweje, dusanga bifasha bose? Nimba bitari uko, dukwiye gufatanya twese mu guhindura ibintu”.