Kenya: Indinganizo nshasha y’inyigisho yiyamirijwe inyuma y’aho abana bakerereye inkoko kw’ishure

Na Evelyne Musambi

BBC News, Nairobi

Amashusho yerekana abana babiri biga mu mashuri y’intango bariko barakerera inkoko muri Kenya yatumye kwiyamiriza no gutwenga indinganizo y’igihugu nshasha y’ivyigwa, yibanda cane cane ku bumenyi-ngiro (practicals/pratique).

Mu gihe aba bana b’imyaka 11 bari kwigira hanze kubaga no guteka inkoko, umwana umwe w’umuhungu aboneka aseguriye hasi inkoko, uwundi nawe, n’ubwoba, yafatiye imbugita kw’izosi.  

Bamwe mu banyeshuri bigana bariko bararaba n'ishaka mu gihe umwigisha wabo ariko afata amashusho kuri terefone yiwe ngendanwa, yongera ashimagiza uyo mwana w’umuhungu kubona yashoboye kuyikerera, hanyuma abwira mugenziwe yari ayifashe, kuyishira mu nkono irimwo amazi ariko arabira.

Ariko mu gihe uwo mwana ayishize mu nkono, iyo nkoko yaciwe umutwe iratatabiza igaca igaca ivumbuka yiruka.

Iyi videwo y’imisegonda 19 ihera umwigisha ariko aratwenga, iyo nkoko nayo yaciwe umutwe iriko iriruka, abana nabo bavuza induru bayiruka inyuma.

Iyo inkoko iciwe umutwe, irashobora kumara iminota itari mike yiruka kubera imitsi y’uruti rw’umugono rwayo iba igifise impwemu.

Ni ikintu aba bana bo mu wa gatandatu badashobora kuzokwibagirwa mu buzima bwabo.

Iyi videwo yiyamirijwe cane ku mbuga hwaniro, aho abatari bake berekana impungenge ku mutekano w’abana, n’aho ata muntu n’umwe yacishije mu kanwa ukubabara kw’iyo nkoko, kubera ko mu gihugu hagati muri Kenya, kubona inkoko ziriko zirakerwa ari ikintu gisanzwe.

Kuva batanguye ishure ry’intango, bariko barageragerezwako indinganizo nshasha z’ivyigwa, kandi bamaze gukoreshwa imigambi-ngiro myinshi muri myaka mike iheze – kuva ku gukora ibikanganyoni gushika no kugurisha ibintu mu masoko.

Abashigikiye iyi ndinganizo ishingiye ku bumenyi-ngiro, izwi nka Competency Based Curriculum (CBC), bafata aba bana nk’abatanguje umugambi, bakavuga ko izi ari impinduka nziza ugereranije n’indinganizo ya kera yari ishingiye ku bumenyi - nyigisho (theory) n’ibibazo gusa, kubera ibategura mu buzima no kurondera akazi muri kino kinjana ca 21.

Bavuga kandi ko kubera bazoguma babasuzuma umwanya ku mwanya bizogabanya ubusuma bw’ibibazo, ivyabaye ikibazo ngorabahizi kuri reta.

Abana bashika imiriyoni 1,25 biga mu wa gatandatu bimirije gukora ikibazo kugira baronke urupapuro ruzobaha uburenganzira bwo kwiga mu mashure yisumbuye.

Ku ncuro ya mbere, iki kibazo kizoba kigize 40% gusa y’amanota yabo yose, nayo igice gisigaye kikazoba kigizwe n'amanota bagiye bararonka guhera mu mwaka wa mbere.

'Kwinezereza abavyeyi bakariha’

Ariko hari abavyeyi batishimiye iyi ndinganizo nshasha kubera ko amashure abazeyeko intererano y’ibikoresho n’amahera yo kugura vya nkenerwa  - nk’izo nkoko – mu nyigisho -ngiro.

Umwigisha yigisha ibijanye n’ubuhinga kw’ishure rito rya Kangundo mu buseruko bwa Kenya avuga ko abava mu miryango ya ba ntahonikora rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa ko baba abarorerezi mu gihe abandi bariko barakora imyimenyerezo yabo y’inyigisho-ngiro kubera ata buryo baronse bwo kugura ivyo bakoresha.

Jemimah Gitari  yabwiye BBC ati: "Abanyeshure banje bo mu wa gatanu nk’akarorero, bariko barabarira igitambara mu gikorwa cabo c’inyigisho-ngiro, mu gihe abandi nabo batashoboye kugura igitambara, rero vyabaye ngombwa ko dukoresha utwo dukeya twari twaguzwe na bamwe mu banyeshure”.

Abona ko hari n’abo bakorana bikika mu kiza – mu gusaba abanyeshure kuzana inyama, mu gihe avuga ko mu bisanzwe atari ngombwa mu vyigwa vyo guteka.

Ati: "Ishure ryanje riri mu kigwati kirimwo imiryango idafise ubushobozi bwo kuronka ico ifungura kubera ibiciro vy’ibifungurwa vyaduze, rero jewe sinashobora kubasaba ngo bazane inyama”.

Inyuma y’izi nyigisho-ngiro bakoreye ku nkoko – zakozwe n’abanyeshure bo mu wa gatandatu mu gihugu cose mu kw’icenda – amasanamu yakwiragijwe ku mbuga hwaniro yerekana abigisha bariko bararya inkoko mu cumba c’abakozi.

Umushingamateka wo mu burengero bwa Kenya, Didmus Barasa, yabagirije ko bariko binezerererwa ku mfungurwa zarishwe n’abavyeyi bikokoye bakazigura.

Mw’ijambo yavuze rigashavuza sendika y’abigisha, yagize ati: "Ubu inkoko zaraheze mu birunduru”.

Amajambo yavuzwe kuri ino nkoko yakerewe igatekwa yarashikiriye mbere n’umukuru w’igihugu mushasha wa Kenya William Ruto, akaba yaciye ashinga umurwi w’abantu 49 kugira ngo bihweze iyi nteguro nshasha, umugambi watangujwe ugashimwa cane n’uwo yasubiriye, Uhuru Kenyatta.

Uyo murwi ufise ikiringo co gushika mu mpera z’uno mwaka kugira ube washikirije aho uhagaze, nimba koko iyi nteguro yobandanya kuri bano bana bo mu wa gatandatu bitegurira kuja mu mwaka wa mbere w’amashure yisumbuye, utangura mu kwa mbere.

Prof Charles Ong'ondo  arongoye ikigo c’igihugu kijejwe indinganizo z’inyigisho mu mashure, yabwiye BBC ati: "Ibitabo n’indinganizo z’ivyigwa biri aho ariko turacarindiriye ico batubwira kugira ngo dutangure kubitanga”.

Abavyeyi bamwe bamwe nta ngorane babona muri iki gice c’inyigisho-ngiro c’ino ndinganizo, ariko bakavuga ko habuzemwo uburinganire kuko gusoma ibitabo bitagifise ikibanza gikomeye.  

Rozina Kisilu nyina w’abana babiri akaba asanzwe aba ku mugwa mukuru Nairobi, yabwiye BBC ati: "Umukobwa wanje ari mu wa kane yiga ivyigwa 12 kandi kimwe kimwe cose gifise igice c’inyigisho-ngiro. Mu gice giheze, bamaze hafi umwanya wose bari mu gice c’inyigisho-ngiro, ivyatumye bataronka umwanaya wo gusoma ivyo mw’ishure”.

Kubera umwanya munini ukoreshwa mu nyigisho-ngiro, ntivyorohera abigisha kurangiza integuro z’ivyigwa ku gihe, nk’uko Gitari avuga – aha akaba ashaka kuvuga indwi zibiri abana bamaze batiga mu gice giheze kubera amatora.

Mu bisanzwe imyaka ibiri y’ishure iheze ntiyari isanzwe - aho bize ibice bine aho kwiga bitatu – kugira ngo barokore umwanya watakaye mu gihe c'ikiza karanda ca Covid.

Abandi nabo babona ko bizosaba igihe kirekire kugira ngo abigisha bamenyere iyi ndinganizo nshasha.

Ibi bibaye inyuma y’ibindi biheruka kuba navyo bikanegurwa, aho amashusho menshi yazunguruka yerekana abanyeshure biga mu mashure ya ruguru baryamye hasi nk’uko bariko baroga kubera batari bafise ubushobozi bwo kuja muri pisine (ikibanza cubatswe co kwogamwo).

Ariko umwigisha w’i Nairobi Marion Muthoni avuga ko inyigisho-ngiro zisaba inguvu ziha abigisha inzira zibiri zishoboka: abanyeshure bashobora kwoga canke gusimba umugozi bivanye n’ibiboroheye.

Muthoni abwira BBC ati: "Bamwe mubo dukorana bararenza urugero mu bintu. Ivyo nabonye ku mbuga hwaniro biratandukanye n’amabwirizwa dufise. Buke buke abigisha bazoteba bamenye ko atari vyose bikeneye inyigisho-ngiro”.

Mu bisanzwe, inyuma y’igerageza ry’iyi ndinganizo nshasha ryamaze imyaka ibiri, sendika y’igihugu y’abigisha bo muri Kenya (Kenya National Union of Teachers, KNUT) yasavye y’uko CBC itoca itanguzwa hose imbere y’uko abigisha bahabwa inyigisho zikwiye kuri yo.

Bamwe mu bahinga b’ibijanye n’indero babona ko hakwiye gufatwa ishure rimwe rikageragerezwako iyo ndinganizo nshasha yose imbere yo kwiyumvira kuyitanguza mu gihugu cose kugira ngo ahari utubazo habanze hagororwe.

Sophia Mbevi, umukuru w’ishure riri mu minwe y’abikorera ku giti cabo i Nairobi, aravyemera, akavuga ko n’aho CBC ifise intumbero nziza, yashizwe mu ngiro gihutihuti.

Ishure ryiwe rikurikiza iyindi nteguro – yemewe mu mashure y’abikorera ku giti cabo mu mategeko ya Kenya mu gihe igisata c’indero kiba kiyemera.

Abavyeyi bamwe babishoboye bashima kurungika abana babo mu mashure y’abikorera ku giti cabo afise indinganizo z’inyigisho yemewe, nk’iyo umupfasoni Mbevi arongoye, kubera badashaka ko kazoza k’abana babo kaba igeragerezo.

Mbevi  abwira BBC ati: "Hari ingaruka zikomeye iyo habaye impinduka mu gisata c’indero. Haba hari vyinshi bikenewe gukorwa kugira uburyo buboneke no kwigisha abigisha imbere yo kuzishira mu ngiro”.

"Nizera ko dushobora guhagarika poritike mu gisata c’indero hanyuma tugakora igikenewe gukorwa kugira ngo indero y’abana igire akanovera”.

Kazoza ka CBC ubu kari mu minwe y’uyu murwi ufise amezi atandatu kugira utange umwihwezo wawo.

Umupfasoni  Mbevi abona ko inyishu imwe yoba ari uko reta yoshira imitahe mu bigo vy’inyigisho rusangi (centres d'apprentissage communautaires/ community learning centres)  ari naho “abanyeshure bofashirizwa kugira ngo baheraheze inyigisho ngiro zabo, cane cane mu mihana usanga abavyeyi bo nyene ubwabo barahevye ishure”.

Kugira ngo kandi borohereze abavyeyi bongere batorere inyishu ikibazo c’ubusumbasumbane mu miryango, umupfasoni Muthoni avuga ko reta ikwiye gutanga ibikoresho nkenerwa mu kurangura iyi migambi-ngiro.

Naho nimba muri ibi bikoresho hakwiye kubamwo inkoko zikiri nzima, abona ko amashure akwiye kworora izayo.