Taariikhda sirta ah ee Masuuniyiinta dunida ee luntay

Aragtiyo badan ayaa laga faafiyay kooxda Freemasons-ka. Hase yeeshee, taariikhda dhabta ah ee ururkani ku leeyahay Scotland - taas oo dad badani ay muddo qarniyo ah iloobeen - ayaa weli si cad uga qarsoon indhaha dadweynaha.

Iyadoo leh waddooyin dhagaxyo lagu sharraxay iyo dhismayaal qurxoon oo qaab-dhismeedka 'Georgian'-ka ah, Hill Street waa aag deggan oo ku yaalla bartamaha xaafadda mashquulka badan ee 'New Town' ee magaalada Edinburgh. Marka la barbar dhigo qalcadda weyn ee magaalada ama waddooyinka ciriiriga ah ee duugga ah ee dareenka cabsigelinta leh xambaarsan, Hill Street uma eka waddo qarinaysa wax sir ah.

Hase yeeshee, haddii aad si tartiib ah u socoto, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad dareento wax aan caadi ahayn. Albaabka korkiisa, oo ay hareeraha ka xigaan laba tiir oo leh midab buluug khafiif ah, waxaa ku qoran qoraal dahabi ah oo leh: "The Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No 1."

Meel ka sarreeya derbiga, waxaa ku yaal loox dhagax-ciid ah ka samaysan oo la xardhay, waxaa ku sawiran xiddig leh lix gees, taas oo ay weheliyaan calaamado iyo tirooyin dadka ugu muuqda kuwo aan caadi ahayn, ugu yaraan dadka aan ka tirsanayn ururka Freemasons-ka.

Dhismaha ku yaal 19 Hill Street, ee loo yaqaan Mary's Chapel, ma aha goob cibaado. Waa xarun ama goob kulan oo ururka Freemasons-ka ah. Iyadoo ay jiraan diiwaanno taariikhdoodu dib ugu noqonayso sannadkii 1599-kii, waa xaruntii ugu da'da weyneyd ee ururka Freemasons-ka ee weli jirta caalamka.

Tani waxaa laga yaabaa inay dadka qaar ka yaabiso. Haddii aad dadka xiiseeya taariikhda Freemason-ka weydiiso bilowgii dhaqdhaqaaqa casriga ah ee Freemasonry, waxay kuu sheegayaan inuu billowday sannadkii 1717-kii, kaas oo ahaa sannadkii la aasaasay hay'adda markii dambe loo yaqaanay Grand Lodge of England. Hase yeeshee, dhinacyo badan marka laga eego, Freemasonry-ga aynu maanta naqaanno wuxuu asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa Scotland, sida cuntada haggis ama dharka Harris tweed oo kale.

Tan iyo xilligii Dhexe (Middle Ages), waxaa Ingiriiska iyo Scotland ka jiray ururro ama kooxo ay ku mideysan yihiin farsamoyaqaannada dhagaxa (stonemasons). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Scotland ayaa laga helay caddeyntii ugu horreysay ee muujinaysa in ururradaas - ama lodges-ka - ay si joogto ah u shaqeynayeen.

Dhammaadkii qarnigii 16-aad, waxaa Scotland oo dhan laga aasaasay ilaa 13 lodge (xarun urur), kuwaas oo ku kala yaallay magaalooyin ay ka mid yihiin Edinburgh iyo Perth. Hase yeeshee, waxay ahayd oo kaliya horraantii qarnigii 17-aad markii ururradaas farsamoyaqaannada ah ay yeesheen qaab-dhismeed rasmi ah oo habaysan; tallaabadaasna waxaa loo arkaa inay ahayd bilowgii Freemasonry-ga casriga ah.

Tusaale ahaan, diiwaannadii ugu horreeyay ee kulammada - kuwaas oo guud ahaan loo arko caddeynta ugu wanaagsan ee muujinaysa jiritaanka qaab-dhismeed rasmi ah oo ah "lodge" (xarun ama koox Freemason ah) - waxay ka yimaadeen Lodge Aitchison's Haven oo ku yaalla Bariga Lothian, Scotland. Diiwaannadan, oo taariikhdoodu tahay Janaayo 1599, ayaa ah kuwa ugu da'da weyn caalamka, inkastoo xaruntaas la xiray sannadkii 1852-kii.

Lix bilood ka dib, bishii July 1599, Mary's Chapel oo ku taalla Edinburgh ayaa iyaduna bilowday inay diiwaangeliso kulammadeeda. Ilaa iyo inta la og yahay, ma jiraan diiwaanno maamul oo ka yimid England xilligaas.

"Halkan ayay wax walba runtii ka billowdeen," ayuu yiri Robert Cooper, oo ah mas'uulka haya diiwaannada Grand Lodge of Scotland, isla markaana ah qoraaga buugga Cracking the Freemason's Code.

"Xarumaha Freemason-ka (lodges) waxay ahaayeen qayb joogto ah oo ka mid ah dalka. Waxaa intaas dheer, hadda waan ognahay inay ahaayeen shabakad heer qaran ah. Marka, si ahaan, Edinburgh ayaa wax walba billowday," ayuu yiri.

In kasta oo guryo waaweyn ay hore u jireen, haddana dadaallada lagu doonayo in Freemasonry-gu ay dhismo rasmi ah yeeshaan waxay bilaabmeen dabayaaqadii 1500-meeyadii.

Nin la oran jiray William Schaw oo ahaa Madaxa Shaqooyinka oo uu hoggaaminayay Boqor James VI ee Scotland (oo markii dambe noqday James 1 ee Ingiriiska). Shaqadiisa waxay ahayd inuu kormeero dhismaha iyo dayactirka qasriyada boqorka, qalcadaha, iyo hantida kale. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, wuxuu mas'uul ka ahaa dhismaha dhagaxyada ee England iyo Scotland.

In kasta oo farsamoyaqaannadu ay hore u lahaayeen dhaqanno iyo caadooyin u gaar ah, Schaw wuxuu go'aansaday inay u baahan yihiin nidaam hoggaan oo rasmi ah. Wuxuu dejiyay xeerar daboolaya wax walba laga bilaabo sida loo sameeyo tababarrada ilaa ballanqaad ah in xubnuhu "ku noolaan doonaan jacayl iyo is-taageerid sida ku habboon walaalaha is dhaarsada."

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saamayntii Scotland ayaa markii dambe bilaabatay inay hoos u dhacdo. Ka dib markii la aasaasay "Grand Lodge" ee England, dalka England ayaa la wareegay hoggaanka horumarinta ururka Freemasonry. Qarniyadii xigayna, asal ahaan ururka Freemasonry oo ka soo jeeday Scotland ayaa inta badan la illoobay.

"Taariikhyahanno badan oo ku takhasusay Freemasonry-ga England ayaa aaminsan in ururku uu ka soo bilowday England ka dibna uu ku faafay caalamka oo dhan," ayuu ku qoray David Stevenson buuggiisa cinwaankiisu yahay The Origins of Freemasonry.

Cooper ayaa ku raacsan aragtidaas.

Dhanka kale, goobta ay dadka badankiisu ku xiriiriyaan Freemasonry-ga Scotland waa Kaniisadda Rosslyn (Rosslyn Chapel), oo ah kaniisad xilligii dhexe la dhisay, taas oo caan ku ah sawirradeeda iyo farshaxanka dhagaxa laga sameeyay ee cajiibka ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhismahaas iyo Freemasonry-ga waa mid aad u daciif ah oo aan si fiican loo diiwaangelin. Xitaa buugga hagaha kaniisadda, oo la daabacay sannadkii 1774-tii, kuma xusna wax xiriir ah oo kala dhexeeya Freemasons-ka.

Waxay u muuqataa in taariikhda dhabta ah ee Freemasonry ee Scotland ay ka mugdi badan tahay Rosslyn Chapel oo Dan Brown uu caan ka dhigay adduunka oo dhan. Laakiin taariikhdaas waa mid laga qariyay aragtida dadweynaha.

In kasta oo albaabada qolalkan badanaa laga xiro kuwa aan xubnaha ahayn, haddana cinwaanadooda iyo joogitaankooduba haba yaraatee ma aha kuwo qarsoon.