Lily Jamali
North America Technology Correspondent

The outcome of the Meta trial was always going to be up to Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers even though there was a jury listening to evidence to render an advisory verdict.

Gonzalez Rogers said just moments ago that she is likely to give this deal the green light.

“My inclination is to grant it,” while jokingly offering the caveat that she did only receive the terms at 6am so she will need a little more time to review it.

For now, she says she will suspend the trial.

“I’m quite happy,” she said.

Bonta is asked how much previous legal defeats for Meta "opened the door to a settlement".

Earlier this month, a judge in New Mexico ordered Meta to pay a total of $942m for its failure to warn the public about dangers its platforms posed to children.

In March, a Los Angeles jury handed down an unprecedented win for a young woman who sued Meta and YouTube over her childhood addiction to social media.

"From where I sit, you can't ignore the major defeats that occurred in a short period of time, leading up to our major federal trial," he says.

"They got a chance to see what juries thought about their witnesses and their defences. They got a chance to see how Instagram President Adam Mosseri and Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg performed on the stand, or perhaps didn't perform so well," he says.

"I don't see how that wasn't in the back of their mind when they started the trial in our case," he adds.

Lily Jamali
North America Technology Correspondent

I’m inside the courtroom of Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers who has been overseeing the Meta trial. She has been asking lawyers about the agreement.

One issue being discussed: the role of parents. Part of this deal calls for new controls for them. Ascertaining who is a young app user’s parents can be tricky, lawyers say. And it’s clear from the conversation here that this agreement wades into some difficult territory.

“There have been reports of young people who are also looking for community when their parents are not particularly supportive of who or what they are, and that creates complications. Hard work ahead,” the judge said.

Kali Hays
US business reporter

California Attorney General Rob Bonta said on Wednesday that the trial in California "did not go well for Meta" over just five days of testimony.

He pointed out during a video press conference on Wednesday morning that Meta's decision to settle the case came as Adam Mosseri, the head of Instagram, had begun to give testimony before the jury. Bonta also noted that the deal came before Mark Zuckerberg could be called to testify.

As for why the states decided to settle with Meta for roughly $18bn, instead of pursuing through trial a potentially much higher amount, Bonta pointed to the expected speed of the changes Meta has agreed to make.

"Instead of getting tied up in years of trials and appeals, we have secured the changes we were after", Bonta said. "Most of these changes will be made within months -- no more waiting."

He added that California alone may receive up to $2.1bn of the total settlement amount, which is intended for the "remediation and prevention" of social media harms caused to young people.

Image source, California Office of Attorney General

Asked whether the settlement should be compared to action taken against the tobacco industry, California Attorney General Rob Bonta said there were some similarities but also important differences.

He said that, regardless of the comparisons, this was a major moment for tackling harms linked to social media and protecting children online.

Bonta said the settlement would bring greater accountability to the industry and argued that, like restrictions introduced for tobacco, it would have benefits for public health.

He also suggested lawmakers had been too slow to act, describing the agreement as a "major step forward" in efforts to keep children safe everywhere, including online.

"This is transformative, this is momentous," he said.

Bonta added that he had heard from many parents who told him they "feel safer, they feel seen, they feel protected" and are more confident following the settlement.

Imran Rahman-Jones
Technology reporter

Meta has been the target in the courtroom, but it is trying to bring close rivals TikTok and YouTube into the firing line too.

Part of its deal with US states hinges on others implementing the same child safety features it has agreed to.

“These protections will only be effective if we work with our peers - TikTok and YouTube - to put the same measures in place," Meta said.

The big unanswered question here is whether they will put aside their competitive rivalries and all join up on this. We’ve asked both companies for a response, but so far haven’t heard anything from them.

YouTube and TikTok have paid out multi-million-dollar settlements relating to child safety in the past.

TikTok’s $400m (£293m) settlement, agreed just last week, did not come with any other terms.

Interestingly, Meta did not call on another app popular among young people - Snapchat - to join them too.

A journalist asks Bonta if other social media companies - Snapchat, YouTube and TikTok - have already committed to the terms set by Meta.

In its statement on the proposed settlement, Meta called on TikTok and Youtube to "join us in supporting teens" by implementing the same changes.

Bonta says he can't comment on any "current potential" but that he hopes "heightened restrictions" will be put in place, giving the example of the two-hour limit becoming one hour if "other industry players" make commitments similar to Meta.

"My hope and my belief is that we will see commitments across the industry," he says

Bonta is now taking questions from reporters. He is asked what compromises the attorneys general made to secure this deal, and what still needs to be done.

"I don't think we compromised on anything here," he answers, but agrees there is more to do.

He reiterates that this is a "watershed moment", and says that what needs to be done now is getting Meta's main competitors - TikTok, Snap, YouTube - to follow suit on making changes to their platforms to protect children and teens.

"We're happy to talk in the boardroom to get to those results, or we can see folks in the courtroom," he says.

The reporter presses Bonta, asking for clarification that the states really didn't give up anything in this settlement.

Bonta answers they achieved what they would have in litigation.

Image source, California Office of Attorney General

California Attorney General Rob Bonta says during his news conference that the state could receive between $1.1bn and $2.1bn if the settlement is approved by the courts.

Bonta said the money would be used to help prevent and address mental health issues and other harms linked to young people's use of social media.

"If you're a parent like I am, sadly you've likely seen some of that," he said.

He added that while parents like himself try to protect their children from many everyday dangers, they cannot always protect them from harms that "Meta hides and lies about".

"With this settlement, that is changing," he said.

Bonta says the settlement addresses "some of the concerns at the core of the lawsuit" and it will force "transformative changes" necessary to protect children online.

These changes to how Meta's social media platforms operate will be made within months, he confirms.

California Attorney General Rob Bonta is now speaking, outlining the implications of the settlement and the specific details of what changes Meta has agreed to make to its platforms.

"This is a significant victory for families across the country, for parents, for children, for those who are suffering in silence, and those who are suffering in public," Bonta says.

"This is a major breakthrough, a milestone moment, a watershed moment. Because when it comes to protecting our children's mental health, there is no time to lose," he adds.

He congratulates the attorneys general for securing the changes to Meta's platforms so soon into the trial, without getting tied up in years of trials and appeals.

Image source, California Office of Attorney General

We know:

• Facebook and Instagram owner Meta will pay up to $18bn (£13.2bn) to settle claims brought by 29 US states that its platforms harmed children
• It stemmed from a lawsuit filed in 2023, which claimed numerous violations of federal and state privacy laws for children
• Meta has agreed to set a default daily time limit of two hours for users under 18, among other measures - but it denies any wrongdoing
• It is calling on TikTok and Youtube to put the same measures in place
• The majority of changes will remain in place for 10 years - but some of the most noticeable changes like the daily time limit for children will only last for five unless "industry peers" agree to take similar steps

What we don't know:

• When the changes will be implemented
• How fellow social media sites TikTok and Youtube will respond

California's chief attorney is expected to speak to the press in just a few moments about today's settlement with Meta.

California is one of the US states and territories that sued Meta over claims its practices harmed children.

We'll bring you the important lines from the press conference here, and you can watch live at the link above.

Tom Gerken
Technology reporter

One of the themes coming out of the settlement today is Meta calling on other companies to do their part.

While it agreed to strengthen the tech it uses to estimate whether accounts are being used by teens, the tech giant said it wanted app stores to provide it with “verified age information”.

In other words, Meta wants Apple and Google to check the age of people first, and share that information. This is nothing new.

Three years ago, I reported on Meta calling for the introduction of laws which would put the onus on the app stores, not social media companies.

Whether that pressure worked or not is unclear. But in the UK at least, Apple and Google have brought in age checks.

Image source, Reuters

California Attorney General Rob Bonta says the settlement "will make social media less dangerous for our kids and make a world of a difference for children and their families".

“Meta has agreed to make massive transformations that will reduce the risk of harm from its platforms — and will do it within months," Bonta says.

He mentions time limits, stopping notifications during school, a block on the app during critical overnight hours, and a ban on plastic surgery filters.

"I am proud to deliver this settlement that addresses the concerns at the core of our lawsuit and institutes real change, real transparency, and real enforceable protections for children on Facebook and Instagram — right now, no more waiting," he adds.

The majority of the terms agreed as part of the settlement will remain in place for 10 years, Meta says.

But some of the most noticeable changes - the daily time limit for children and night-time restrictions - will only last for five unless "industry peers" agree to take similar steps.

We'll have more details shortly.

I wasn't expecting this - Meta suddenly decided a deal was worth doingpublished at 15:31 BST

15:31 BST

Zoe Kleinman
Technology and AI editor

I wasn’t expecting this.

Meta has fought hard, over multiple lawsuits spanning many months and at great expense, to maintain that it is a company committed to protecting children on its platforms.

Its social networks are a fundamental part of its business: its billions of users provide it with a goldmine of data that it can both use to sell ads, and also train its AI products.

It may appear laser-focused on AI right now but make no mistake, it still needs its social media arm to bring in the money. While today’s settlement does not admit any wrongdoing, it is clear that the company suddenly decided a deal was worth doing.

It’s been a tough few days in court, with numerous evidence presented which suggested that in the past the bosses knew harmful stuff was happening on the platforms, and did not take action.

One exec said he did not remember writing in a slide deck that sometimes Meta chose to pay fines for regulatory violations rather than make changes, or do the bare minimum in order to comply.

Meta argues that the new default limits it is now introducing to its teen accounts as part of the settlement, will only help young people if other apps adopt them too.

It has to hope that its fierce rivals will decide to collaborate, even though it hasn’t always been collegiate itself. But given the growing backlash against social networks around the world, perhaps they will have to.

Meta says it has agreed to a payment of approximately $18bn (£13.2bn) distributed in annual instalment over a 10-year period.

• Attorneys general from a number of US states reacting to the settlement have been citing a figure of up to $17.1bn (£12.57bn) to be paid by Meta

It says this can be used to "fund youth online safety initiatives, among other state priorities".

States that participated in the lawsuit will receive approximately 70%, about $12.7bn (£9.3bn) of the funds over the decade. The remaining 30% will be released only after two specific conditions are met, it says.

Those are if:

• YouTube and TikTok - not owned by Meta - implement a one-hour daily limit, night mode, and age assurance measures
• YouTube and TikTok each pay an amount matching the 30% figure, with half of the remaining funds tied to YouTube’s payment and half tied to TikTok’s

It also says it expects to accrue a legal expense of approximately $10bn (£7.3bn) in the third quarter of this year related to the agreement.

"The agreement is designed to drive industry-wide adoption, ensuring teens receive consistent protections across the apps they use most, like YouTube and TikTok," it says.

Tom Gerken
Tech reporter

Image source, Getty Images

As part of the settlement, Meta has agreed to a range of changes - but it isn’t as cut and dry as you might think.

One of the agreements was for videos to not play automatically, for example, while a new default setting will mean the things they see aren’t being tailored to the viewer.

However, in both cases, these are options teens can turn on and off - with the caveat that parents can adjust their child’s account to take control of the features.

By default, teens won’t see the number of likes and reactions on posts, which will likely require some work behind-the-scenes from Meta to make possible.

The headline features - a default two-hour daily time limit for teens, and a block from midnight to 0600 - raise the biggest questions.

Will the app stop opening? Will it display a blank screen? Will it be a text box which reads “try again later”?

Right now, the only thing we know for sure is these changes are coming.

Image source, Reuters

According to the attorney general of California - one of the states that was suing the company - the settlement includes the following measures:

• A default daily time limit of two hours for users under 18 that can only be lifted by a parent
• A default nighttime block between midnight and 06:00 for users under 18 that can only be lifted by a parent
• Default blocks on notifications to users under 18 from 22:00 to 07:00 and during the school day
• An enhanced mechanism for teens to report potentially harmful content and a requirement that Meta respond to 90% of those reports within six hours
• A ban on displaying numbers of likes or reactions to users under 18
• A ban on cosmetic procedure image filters for users under 18
• An option for users under 18 to have a non-personalised feed
• A commitment to enhance parent supervision tools

In terms of implementation, it says Meta has agreed:

• To institute robust age assurance measures to detect users under 18, as well as measures to identify and remove under 13s
• Use an independent auditor with expansive access to information and resources
• Be subject to an injunction prohibiting it from making "further false, misleading, or deceptive statements around its safety features"

The full list of what has been agreed is quite lengthy - we will have more details shortly.