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受了点小伤，怎么用英语说最准确？

Episode 260812 / 12 Aug 2026

内容简介

在英语中，人们会用 “cuts and scrapes” 来统称各种 “小磕小碰”。在日常生活中，难免会有撞到头、划伤胳膊、切到手指的时侯，而英语里也有许多更准确的词来描述不同类型的小伤。在本期节目中，主持人步理和 Becca 将分享六个描述 “受了点小伤” 时的常用单词，并讲解它们的地道用法。

文字稿

（关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）

Buli
大家好，欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。We are here to answer your questions about English language, culture and life. I'm Buli, and I'm with Becca, who is here to help me answer this week's question. Hi Becca, how are you?

Becca
Oh, Buli, I'm so clumsy. I was walking while looking down at my phone, and I bumped into a glass door! Is there a bruise on my head?

Buli
Oh no! Are you OK? Let me see… Ah, I think you'll be OK. That actually fits perfectly with today's question! 在本期节目中我们将要回答的问题是这样的：

Question 
我最近想要和别人描述我受的一点小伤，但除了 “wound” 没有想到其它特别合适的词。我知道 “cuts and scrapes” 好像也可以指各种小伤，但能请教一下，其它生活中不小心受的伤还有哪些对应的英语单词吗？

Becca
I really hope I don't get a bruise though. My skin bruises so easily, I'm like a peach!

Buli
Your head is a bit red. I think a bump may be appearing! Where did this happen?

Becca
You know the entrance to the cafe on the 7th floor?

Buli
I know it! I tripped over there in my first few weeks of work! It was so embarrassing. Luckily, I only scratched my knee.

Becca
Oh dear, Buli! Did anyone see?

Buli
Only a few people. My pride was wounded more than my knee, to be honest.

Becca
Yeah, I bet! That reminds me of the time I tripped and fell off a bus on my way to a job interview. A few people saw, but I was more embarrassed to turn up to my interview with scrapes on my arms from the stones on the pavement.

Buli
Oh no. Did you get the job though?

Becca
I didn't. I was cut deep that day. I didn't go to any job interviews for like a month!

Buli
你正在收听的是 BBC 英语教学制作的 “你问我答” 节目。在刚才的对话中，我和 Becca 使用了许多跟  “injure（受伤)” 和 “wound（伤口）” 有关的表达。如果你在生活中也容易犯点小马虎，经常小小地伤到自己一下，那么本期节目的内容你可要听仔细了。

So, let's look at these different words for minor injuries, Becca. The listener mentioned 'wound', but that usually sounds quite serious or medical, doesn't it?

Becca
Yes. In everyday conversation, we rarely use 'wound' for a minor injury. It describes more of a deep injury that breaks the skin and takes a while to heal.

Buli
Ah, so a wound is like a cut in that sense?

Becca
Hmm, yes and no. A wound could be any injury that breaks the skin. A cut is specifically a break in the skin caused by a sharp object or forceful impact.

Buli
虽然单词 “wound” 的意思是 “伤口”，但在生活中，我们通常不用 “wound” 来描述一般的小刮小蹭。它指的是那些 “穿透了皮肤表面的，特别是面积偏大、需要较长一段时间才能恢复的伤口”。而问题中提到的单词 “cut” 虽然也可以指 “伤口”，但它却和伤口的大小无关，描述的是 “由尖锐物体所造成的划伤、割伤”。

此外，许多描述伤口的单词也可以用作动词。比如，“wound” 和 “cut” 这两个单词就可以表示 “受伤” 和 “切到，划伤”。

Becca
Interestingly, they're similar in that they both break the skin, and we can use them metaphorically to talk about an emotional injury.

Buli
Ah, so like when I said that my pride was wounded after tripping near the cafe.

Becca
Yes, or when I said that the situation of the job interview cut me deep.

Buli
是的，和在汉语中类似，英语中诸如 “wound” 和 “cut” 等单词不但可以描述物理意义上的 “伤口”，还可以表示 “内心受伤” 或者 “内心的伤口”。比如，我们可以用 “I was wounded by his word” 来表示 “他说的话让我很受伤”。

Becca, are there any other words related to injury or being wounded?

Becca
There are many, of course. For example, we can 'bruise' metaphorically in this way to describe emotional damage, but not to the same extent as wound or cut. And this is because a bruise is a break of the blood vessels under the skin. It's usually not as serious but changes the colour of the skin.

Buli
Like the discolouration on fruit. Also, I heard you use the word 'bump' before.

Becca
Yes. A bump is a raised, swollen area also cause by impact. When I bumped into the glass door, I bumped my head, and now there's a bump! Bumps could also appear as small raises in the skin, like little red spots, usually because of friction to the skin or when we have an allergic reaction to something.

Buli
是的。“Bump” 和 “bruise” 是两个和 “撞，磕碰” 有关的单词。其中，“bump” 既可以指 “撞上” 和 “撞出的包”，也可以指 “过敏时身上起的小红点”。而 “bruise” 通常描述的是 “挫伤”，或者 “被挫伤时出现的淤青”。

不过，在这两个单词中，只有 “bruise” 跟 “wound” 类似，可以用来比喻 “内心受到了伤害”。

Becca
Lastly, scratch and scrape are similar because they're minor injuries. A scratch is a thin, shallow mark caused by something sharp sliding across the skin. And a scrape happens over a wider area and when the skin is worn down, usually from sliding against a hard or rough surface. It's also known as a graze.

Buli
Ouch! They all sound quite unpleasant. 还有两个描述轻伤的单词 “scratch” 和 “scrape” 也十分常见。“Scratch” 指的是 “抓伤、划伤”。和 “cut” 相比，“scratch” 造成的伤口往往更宽一些。“Scratch” 也经常用来描述被小猫小狗等小动物的爪子 “抓伤”。

“Scrape” 指的则是 “擦伤，刮伤”。如果你不小心摔了一跤，膝盖蹭破了皮，那么就可以说 “I fell and scraped my knees”。

Becca
Like what I did when I got off the bus! Oh, let's not talk about that any more… Remember if you have a question that you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Buli
你还可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye!

Becca
Goodbye!

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