Ya yawan hatsin da Ukraine ke fitarwa waje yake?

Ukraine na fitar da tan miliyan biyar na hatsi a kowane wata - fiye da abin da take fitarwa a bara, lokacin da Rasha ta fita daga yarjejeniyar fitar da hatsi a tekun Bahar Aswad.

Rasha ta daina bai wa jiragen dakon kaya hanyar tafiya da kuma komawa daga Ukraine a watan Yulin bara, kuma sakamakon haka, yawan hatsin da take fitar wa ya yi ƙasa.

Ya yawan hatsin da Ukraine ke fitar wa yake?

Ukraine ta fitar da hatsi tan miliyan 5.8 a watan Febrairun 2024, da kuma tan miliyan 5.3 a watan Janairu.

Sai dai yawan hatsin ya yi ƙasa a watan Maris - inda ta fitar da tan miliyan 4.5 tsakanin 1-27 ga watan na Maris.

Kafin mamayar Rasha a 2022, ƙasar na aika tan miliyan 6.5 na hatsi zuwa ƙasashen waje a kowane wata.

Bayan da Rasha ta fita daga yarjejeniyar fiton hatsi ta tekun Bahar Aswad, ta ce za ta ɗauki kowane jirgin ruwa daga Ukraine a matsayin barazana ga sojinta.

Jiragen dakon kaya kaɗan ne ke zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwan Ukraine, kuma an samu faɗuwar fitar da hatsi zuwa tan miliyan biyu a watan Yuli, Agusta da kuma Satumban 2023.

Sai dai, tuni Ukraine ta kirkiro da sabbin hanyoyin fitar da hatsinta.

Tsakanin karewar yarjejeniyar fiton hatsin a watan Yulin 2023 da kuma karshen Febrairun 2024, Ukraine ɗin ta ce ta fitar da kusan tan miliyan 20 na hatsi zuwa ƙasashe 42, a cewar mataimakin Firaminista Oleksandr Kubrakov.

Hakan ya faru duk da hare-hare kusan 30 da Rasha ta kai kan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kuma rumbunan ajiyar abinci tun bayan karewar yarjejeniyar.

Me ya sa fitar da abincin Ukraine ke da muhimmanci?

Kafin mamayar Rasha a watan Febrairun 2022, Ukraine ta kasance ƙasa ta bakwai mafi girma a duniya wajen fitar da alkama, ta huɗu mafi girma wajen fitar da hatsi, da kuma mafi girma wajen fitar da iri na biye-rana.

Lokaci da aka fara yaƙi, yawan abubuwan da Ukraine ke fitar wa ya yi ƙasa yayin da farashin hatsi kuma ya yi tashin gwauron zabi.

Hakan ya shafi mutane musamman ma a matalautan ƙasashe.

Ya kasance duk lokacin da Ukraine ta fitar da hatsi mai yawa, to farashi na yin ƙasa matuka.

Ukraine ta kasance tana samun kuɗaɗe daga fitar da kayan abinci. A 2021, shekara guda kafin mamayar Rasha, ta samu $27.8b daga kayayyakin da take fitar wa.

Waɗanne sabbin hanyoyi Ukraine ke amfani da su wajen fitar da hatsi?

Karkashin yarjejeniyar hatsin, jiragen ruwa na dakon kaya na amfani da tashoshin jiragen ruwan Ukraine wanda ke da nisan kilomita 574 a faɗin tekun Bahar Aswad da kuma gadar ruwan Bosphorus.

Bayan karewar yarjejeniyar, Ukraine ta kirkiro da sabbin mashiga na wucin gadi na fitar da kayayyaki a watan Agustan 2023, wanda kuma ke haɗe da tekun yamma.

Wannan hanya ba ta da haɗari ga jiragen ruwa saboda ruwan wajen ba shi da yawan da jiragen ruwan Rasha za su ratsa ta cikinsa.

Hanyar ta kuma bi ta ruwan ƙasashen Romania da Bulgaria, waɗanda suka mambobin Nato.

Karkashin tsarin Tarayyar Turai, Ukraine na kuma aika hatsi ta ƙasa kuma jiragen dakon kaya na wucewa ta kogin Danube na biyu mafi girma a Turai, ko tashar jiragen ruwan Romania da ke birnin Constanta, inda daga nan su yi tafiya ta tekun Bahar Aswad.

Ana fitar da ƙarin hatsi daga Ukraine zuwa Turai wanda ake saya bayan isar su, ko kuma wanda ake aika wa daga sauran tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Turai.

Wane martani Ukraine ta mayar kan toshe hanya da sojojin ruwan Rasha suka yi?

Dakarun Ukraine sun sha kai hare-hare kan jiragen sojojin ruwan Rasha da kuma sansanoninta da ke tekun Bahar Aswad, ta hanyar amfani da jirage marasa matuki na sama da kuma na ruwa da kuma makaman linzami masu cin dogon zango.

Sojojin ruwan Ukraine sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun far wa ko kuma tarwatsa kashi uku na ɗaukacin jiragen ruwan Rasha a tekun Bahar Aswad tun fara yaƙi.

Wannan na nufin cewa Rasha na tura jiragen ruwa kaɗan a yanzu kusa da ruwan Ukraine domin toshe su.

Waɗanne matsaloli fitar da hatsin Ukraine ta janyo wa ƙasashe makwabta?

Domin taimakawa tattalin arzikin Ukraine bayan mamayar Rasha, Tarayyar Turai ta soke harajin da take karɓa daga kayayyakin da ake kawowa daga ƙasar.

Sai dai, ƙasashe a gabashin Turai sun yi korafin cewa hakan na nufin cewa hatsi na korara zuwa kasuwanninsu, abin da ya janyo faɗuwar farashin da za su sake sayar da kayakin ga wasu da kuma shafar kuɗaɗen shiga na manoma.

Wasu masu harkar hatsi sun yanke shawarar sayar da hatsin a waɗannan ƙasashe maimakon fitar da shi zuwa waje daga sauran tashoshin ruwa na Tarayyar Turai.

A cewar kwamishinan aikin gona na Tarayyar Turai, Janusz Wojciechowski, ya ce tan miliyan 4.1 na hatsin Ukraine ne ya shiga Poland tsakanin watan Afrilu 2022 da Maris ɗin 2023, kuma tan miliyan 3.4 na hatsin ya tsaya a ƙasar.

A watan Mayun 2022, Hukumar Turai ta saka haramci kan sayar da hatsin Ukraine a Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania da Bulgaria, inda aka bar hatsin da ke shigo waɗannan ƙasashe kaɗai.

An ɗage haramcin a watan Satumban 2023, tare da cewa an warware matsalar.

Sai dai, tuni Poland ta sanya nata haramci kan shigo da hatsi daga Ukraine, kuma manoman ƙasar sun toshe iyakar ƙasar da Ukraine.

A watan Maris ɗin 2024, Tarayyar Turai ta gabatar da batun ɗage biyan haramci kan wasu kayayyaki da ake shigo wa da su daga Ukraine, ciki har da kwai, oats, kaji da kuma sukari.

Amma ta tabbatar da cewa dukkan sauran kayayyaki da ake shigo da su daga Ukraine zuwa EU - ciki har da alkama - za su kasance waɗanda ba za a karɓi haraji kansu ba har zuwa akalla watan Yunin 2025.

Tana kuma son ƙara haraji kan hatsi daga Rasha da kuma Belarus domin rage farashi a ƙasashen gabashin Turai.