Abin da ya sa ake samun bambancin lokaci tsakanin ƙasashen duniya

A shekarar 1883, kamfanonin gina titunan jiragen ƙasa a Amurka da Canada suka sauya lokuta a duka ƙasashen, lamarin da ya haifar da asalin bambancin lokacin agogo a faɗin duniya.

Tsawon ƙarnuka kafin wannan lakaci, mutane da dama a duniya kan auna lokaci ne gwargwadon inda rana take a sama, kamar safe ko hantsi da tsakar rana ko yamma ko almuru, ya danganta da inda ranar take a sama a kowane gari ko ƙauye.

An fara samun agogo ne a tsakanin ƙarni na 13 zuwa na 15.

Garuruwa sun riƙa saita agogonsu ta hanyar la'akari da inda rana take, lamarin da ya sa kowane birni ke da lokaci daban da wani.

An ci gaba da wannan tsari har shekarun 1800, inda a lokacin ake da bambancin lokuta har 144 a arewacin Amurka.

Tun da mutane da dama, ba su yin dogayen tafiye-tafiye (galibi sun fi yin tafiye-tafiyen ne a kan dawakai da rakuma) wannan batu na bambancin lokaci ba ya haifar da wata matsala, har sai bayan bayyanar titunan jiragen ƙasa.

Jon Goldman, shugaban cibiyar adana kayan tarihi ta B&O Railroad Museum' a Baltimore da ke jihar Maryland a Amurka, ya ce a tsakiyar shekarun 1800, lokacin da sufurin jiragen ƙasa ya fara bunƙasa a Amurka da Canada, an riƙa jigilar fasinjoji tsakanin nahiyoyin duniya, daga nan aka fara tunanin samar da wani ƙayyadajjen lokacin agago da duniya za ta dogara da shi.

"Samuwar bambancin lokaci a ƙasashe daban-daban ta haifar da babbar matsala ga titunan jiragen ƙasa,'' in ji shi.

"A farko, mutane kan rasa jirgin, mafi muni kuma akwai yiwuwar jiragen ƙasan su yi karo da juna a lokacin da suke tafiya a kan titi guda''.

A wannan lokaci, Birtaniya - wadda ita ce ta ɓullo da harkar sufurin jiragen ƙasa ta zamani - ita ma ta gamu da irin wannan matsala.

Yayin da hanyoyin jiragen ƙasa suka fara haɗa birane da garuruwa, sai ya zama tashoshin jiragen ba su iya zayyana lokutan isowa da tashin kowane jirgin ƙasa dangane da lokutan inda suka tashi.

A shekara ta 1847, duka kamfanonin jiragen ƙasa na Biritaniya sun riƙa amfani da lokaci na bai ɗaya, wato "Lokacin jirgin ƙasa" a cikin hanyoyin sadarwarsu.

Sabuwar hanyar kiyaye lokaci (da a yanzu ake kira 'Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) ta samu ƙarbuwa a duka faɗin ƙasar a cikin 1880, lamarin da ya sa Birtaniya ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta fara daidaita lokacin agogo.

GMT shi ne mafarin auna tafiyar lokaci, wanda ke a kan wani tsauni da ke wurin shaƙatawa na Greenwich Park da ke kudu maso gabashin Landan.

Har yanzu matafiya kan je wannan wuri da ake kira ''cibiyar lokaci'' a Landon inda za su raba ƙafarsu a tsakiyar layin da ya raba gabashi da yammacin duniya.

Tsayar da lokaci a faɗin Birtaniya ya ƙara ɗaɓbaka daidaituwa da rage yawan hatsuran jiragen ƙasa tare da taimaka wa fasinjoji su je inda suke buƙata.

A sakamakon haka bai ɗauki lokaci ba kafin wannan fikira ta yaɗu zuwa arewacin Amurka.

To amma saɓanin Birtaniya, wadda ke da daidaitaccen lokaci a faɗin duka ƙasar, Amukra da Canada suna buƙatar samar da wata hanya ta daidaita lokaci a faɗin nahiyar.

A shekarar 1879, wani injiniyan titin jirgin ƙasa, mai suna Sir Sanford Fleming ya zo da shawarar kawo gagarumin sauyi bayan ɓatan wani jirgin ƙasa: Samar da mabambantan lokuta.

A ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamban 1883, kamfanonin sufurin jiragen ƙasan Amurka da Canada suka rungumi shawarar Fleming, to amma saboda girman nahiyar Arewacin Amurka, an yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar mabambantan lokuta hudu: Da suka haɗa da agogon Gabashi da Tsakiya da Mountain (Yamma) da kuma Pacific (Makurar yammaci), kuma kowane daga cikinsu har yanzu bai sauya ba.

"Bayan ƙirƙirar daidaitaccen tsarin lokaci, an samu raguwar hatsuran jiragen ƙasa,'' in ji Goldman.

Shekara guda bayan haka, Fleming ya taimaka wajen shirya taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan daidaita lokaci a birnin Washington DC, inda aka zaɓi lokacin GMT a matsayin mizanin auna lokaci na duniya.

A arewacin Amurka, garuruwa da biranen yankin, da suka zaƙu da samun ci gaba da damarmaki daga sufurin jiragen ƙasa, sun gaggauta amincewa da nasu lokacin.

Gwamnatin tarayyar Amurka ta ɗan jinkirta amincewa da waɗannan lokuta, amma a shekaar 1918 ta amince da su.

Tsayar da lokaci na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da samuwar sufurin jiragen ƙasa ya samar.

Kamar yadda layin dogo ya taimaka wajen jigilar mutane da yaɗa ra'ayoyinsu a faɗin duniya, an sami ƙaruwar buƙatar sadarwa mai nisan gaske.

Ba haka kawai aka aika saƙon farko ta na'urar laturoni ba, a karon farko an aika saƙo ta telegraph, daga Ginin Majalisar dokokin Amurka zuwa tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Mount Clare a Baltimore, wanda yanzu shi ne wurin B&O Railroad Museum.

Kuma yayin da Birtaniya ke tsimayar isowar shekara ta 2025, lokacin da aka tsara gudanar da bukukuwan cika shekara 200 da samuwar sufurin jirgin kasa na zamani, wannan ne lokaci mafi dacewa da za mu tuno yadda aka tsara lokutan kowane sashe na doron duniya.