Da me Afirka za ta tuna da tsohon shugaban Amurka Jimmy Carter?

Jimmy Carter, wanda ya kai shakara 100 a duniya, kuma shugaban Amurka na 39 ya rasu ne a gidansa da ke garin Plains a jihar Georgia a ranar Lahadi.

A wa'adi ɗaya da shugaban ɗan jam'iyyar Democrat ya yi a kan mulki daga shekarar 1977 zuwa 1981, ya jagoranci samar da zaman lafiya tsakanin Israila da Masar.

Bayan barinsa mulki kuma, ya ƙulla alaƙa mai ƙarfi da kuma sadaukarwa a nahiyar Afirka.

Lokaci mai muhimmanci

Jim kaɗan bayan zama shugaban ƙasa, gwamnatin Carter ta fara ƙokarin samar da maslahar diflomasiyya tsakanin Israila da Masar- abokan gaba na gwamman shekaru - domin samun ɓangarorin biyu su zauna kan teburin tattaunawa.

Sakamakon hakan shi ne wani taron da akayi a shekarar 1978 a Camp David, wani wurin gudanar da taro na shugaban Amurka da ake amfani dashi wajen karɓar bakuncin muhimman mutanen da suke kawo ziyarar diflomasiyya zuwa ƙasar.

A lokacin wannan taron na shugabannin Amurka da Masar da Israila ne aka rataɓɓa hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsakanin Masar da Israila.

Waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin ne suka samar da hanyar yin yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya na shekarar 1979 da a hukumance ya kawo ƙarshen rashin jituwa tsakanin Israila da Masar, wanda kuma ya kai ga Masar ta amince da Israila a matsayin ƙasa (Masar ce ƙasar Larabawa da ta fara yin hakan), yayin da Israila ta amince ta janye dakarunta daga yankin Sinai wanda ta mamaye tun yaƙin kwanaki shida da akayi a 1967.

Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya na Camp David ta kasance muhimmiyar nasara a diflomasiyyar gabas ta tsakiya kuma ta taimaka wajen shirye shiryen zaman lafiya tsakanin larabawa da Israilawa da akayi daga baya.

''Muhimmiyar rawar da ya taka wajen tabbatar da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiyan tsakanin Masar da Israila ba zai shafe daga tarihi ba, kuma ayyukan jin ƙai da ya yi sun nuna soyayya da zaman lafiya da kuma ƴan uwantaka.'' inji shugaban Masar El-Sisi a saƙonsa ga Carter.

Sai dai yarjejeniyar ta fuskanci suka daga shugabannin larabawa waɗanda suke kallo n hakan a matsayin yaudara. An kuma kori Masar daga ƙungiyar ƙasashen larabawa saboda shigar ta, kuma sai da ta jira shekara 10 kafin aka mayar da ita cikin ƙungiyar a 1989.

Ƙarshen mulkin fararen fata marasa rinjaye.

Carter ya zama shugaban ƙasa bayan kawo ƙarshen mulkin mallaka da turawa sukayi a wurare da dama a nahiyar Afrika, wanda rikicin miƙa mulki da akayi a kasashe da dama su ka bar kudancin Afrika cikin tashin hankali.

A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Zimbabwe- wanda a baya ake kira Rhodesia- an fara yaƙin neman ƴancin kai kan gwamnatin marasa rinjaye da Ian Smith ke jagoranta tun shekarar 1965.

A nata martanin game da hakan, gwamnatin Carter ta goyin bayan ƙaƙaba takunkuman ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma matsin lamba kan gwamnatin Smith ta sauya. Gwamnatinsa ta kuma goyi bayan tattaunawa domin kawo ƙarshen shugabancin marasa rinjaye na fararen fata.

Sakamakon goyon baya Carter, an yi nasarar sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar 1979 da aka yi a Lancaster House, wanda ya bada damar yin zaɓe mai adalci da kuma kafa gwamnatin masu rinjaye a Zimbabwe.

Yarjejeniyar ta bayar da damar samun ƴancin kai a shekarar 1980 wanda ya sa marigayi Robert Mugabe ya zama firaministan ƙasar baƙin fata na farko.

A daidai wannan lokacin ne tsohon shugaban Najeriya Olusegun Obasanjo ya karɓi baƙuncin Carter a matsayin shugaban Amurka na farko da ke kan mulki da ya ziyarci yankin Africa da ke kudu da hamadar sahara.

Da yake magana a shekarar 2021 ya ce: Shugaba Carter masoyi ne na haƙiƙa ga ƴan Afirka da kuma kuma mutane baki ɗaya, kuma an ga hakan a dukkanin abubuwan da yayi.''

"Ga Carter, wanda ya girma a cikin tsantsar rashin adalci musamman na wariyar launin fata a kudancin Amurka, nahiyar Afrika ta kasance wani wuri da yayi amfani da ita wajen gyara kurakuren da akayi,'' a cewar Ebenezar Obadare, wani babban jami'i a fannin koyan tarihin Afrika a cibiyar nazari kan ƙasashe.

''Duk da Carter ba zai iya chanja tarihi ba, gwagwamayar jamiyyar Patriotic Front kan mulkin Ian Smith a Rhodesia kamar yadda sunan ya ke a baya, wata dama ce da ya samu na yin abin da ya dace. kuma za a iya cewa yayi hakan.''

Angola da yaƙin cacar baka

Saɓanin shiga tsakanin da yayi a Zimbabwe, kwatankancinsa da yayi a Angola a ƙarshen shekarun 1970 ya sha suka, inda a ke ganin ya kawo rabuwar kai.

Daga ƙarshe Angola ta samun ƴancin kai da ga Portugal da tayi musu mulkin mallaka a shekarar 1975, sai dai ƙasar da ke kudancin Afirka, ta faɗa cikin mummunan yaƙin basasa. Bayan ƙungiyoyi da dama sun nemi yin iko, shugabbanin ƙasashen duniya masu ƙarfi suka fara zaɓen ɓangare.

Tarayyar Soviet da Cuba sun goyi bayan gwamnatin People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola. Yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ƙarƙashin Shugaba Carter suka goyi bayan ƙungiyoyin ƴan adawa da suka hada da National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (Unita) na Jonas Savimbi.

Goyon bayan da Amurka ke yi wa Savimbi ya sha suka saboda ƙungiyar yan tawayen na da hannu kan take haƙƙin bil'adama da suka haɗa da saka yara cikin sojoji da kuma kai munanan harin ramuwar gayya kan fararen hula.

Matakin Carter na goyon bayan ƴan tawayen Savimbi na cikin dabarun Amurka na yaƙar samun tasiri ga tarayyar Soviet a Afirka, sai dai hakan ya saɓa goyon bayan da yakeyi na tabbatar da kare haƙƙin bil'Adama.

Duk da cewa daga bisani Carter ya samar da yarjejeniyar da ta kawo ƙarshen rikicin, goyon bayan da gwamnatinsa ta baiwa ƴan tawayen yayi tasiri bayan gwamman shekaru.

'' Goyon bayan da Carter ya baiwa Unita a Angola zai iya kasancewa kuskure ne, sai dai kuma zai iya kasancewa abu mai muhimmanci wajen tunawa da wahalar da ke tattare da shiga tsakani na diflomasiyya a tsaka da yaƙin cacar baka da akeyi a ƙudancin Afirka,'' a cewar Mista Obadare.

Abubuwan da gidauniyar Carter ke yi

Ɗaya daga cikin abin da za a rinka tuna Carter da shi, shi ne ayyukan ƙungiyarsa da ya kafa mai zaman kanta wanda ya inganta lafiyar miliyoyin ƴan Afirka sakamakon ƙoƙarin da akayi wajen magance cutukan da ba a fiye mayar da hankali kansu ba a nahiyar.

Albarkacin cibiyar ta Carter, an kusa kaiwa ga kawar da cutar guinea worm gabakiɗaya, inda mutane 13 ne kawai aka samu da cutar a duniya a shekarar 2023.

Wannan ne yunƙurin kawar da cuta mafi girma na biyu bayan kawar da cutar smallpox.

A lokacin da Cibiyar ta Carter ta fara yaƙi da cutar a shekarar 1986, a ƙiyasi ana samun mutane miliyan 3 da rabi ne ke ɗauke da cutar a duk shekara a ƙasashe 21 da ke Afirka da Asiya.

Cutar Guinea worm yanada mummunan tasiri na hana mutane aikata komai na makonni ko kuma watanni, ko ma har abada, wanda zai hana mutum kula da kansa.

Da yake magana da BBC a shekarar 2021, tsohon shugaban Najeriya Olusegun Obasanjo ya bayyana Carter a yanayi mai kyau, ya na cewa tsohon shugaban Amurkan '' ya tabbatar cewa cutar Guinea worm ta kasance tarihi.''

Masu goyon bayan tsare tsaren kiwon lafiya sun ce aikin da Cibiyar Carter tayi kan cutuka ya bada dama ga wasu shirye shiryen Amurka a fannin kamar shirin George W Bushe kan cutar sida (AIDS) wanda aka ƙaddamar shekaru ashirin da ya gabata.

Alex Vines, mai sharhi kan Afirka a Chatham House ya jinjinawa ƙoƙarin cibiyar a kan cutar Guinea worm da kuma rawar da ta taka wurin inganta sanya ido kan zaɓuka. Duk ɓangaren da sukayi aiki sai anyi san barka.''

Kamar yadda Nelson Mandela yayi, Carter yayi amfani da lokacinsa na bayan shugabanci wajen mayar da hankali kan matsalolin kiwon lafiya a Afrika. Madela da Carter abokai ne kuma dukkansu sun kasance ƴaƴan ƙungiyar The Elders team da ke tattaunawa kan matsalolin Afrika da ma duniya bakiɗaya.

Cibiyar ta Carter ta kuma mayar da hankali wajen sa ido kan zaɓuka da kuma inganta tsarin dimokradiyya a Nahiyar. Carter ya samu lambar yabon Nobel na zaman lafiya a shekarar 2002 saboda waɗannan ayyukan.