Waɗanne makamai ake amfani da su a yaƙin UKkraine?

A kwanakin baya-bayan nan Rasha da Ukraine suka ƙaddamar da hare-haren jirage marasa matuƙa mafi girma kan juna tun bayan fara yaƙin a watan Fabrairun 2022.

Ukraine ta bayar da rahoton ƙaddamar da fiye da jirage marasa matuƙa 80 kan Rasha, inda aka harba wasu zuwa birnin Moscow; a nata ɓangare Rasha ta bayar da rahoton ƙaddamar da jirage marasa matuƙa fiye da 140 zuwa wasu sassan Ukraine.

Ƙaruwar harba jirage marasa matuƙa na ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin zamanantar da yaƙi.

Haɗi da na'urorin laturoni da makaman atilare, ana kallon jirage marasa matuƙa a matsayin wani makamin kariya, da ake iya hango dakarun maƙiya daga nesa.

Jirage marasa matuƙa na iya hango komai a filin daga

Jirage marasa matuƙa sun zama wata babbar sifa ta yaƙin Ukraine, kuma suna yin tasiri kan yadda yaƙin ke gudana, kamar yadda Farfesa Phillips O'Brien, na sashen nazarin yaƙi a jami'ar St Andrews da ke Scotland ya bayyana.

"Sun ƙara fito da bayanan abubuwan da ke faruwa a filin daga,'' in ji shi.

Jirgi maras matuƙi na leƙe asiri zai iya hango tafiyar abokan gaba, ko shirinsu na kai hare-hare a duka zagayen filin daga a kan lokaci.

Idan sun hango abokan gaba, zai aika saƙo zuwa ga sansanin da aka aika shi, domin a shirya kai harin atilare.

"Yana iya hango komai, in dai ba ɓuya da kyau ya yi ba. Hakan na nufin ba za ku iya motsa tankokin yaƙi ko wasu manyan makamai ba tare da ya hango ku ba,'' in ji O'Brien.

Jirage marasa matuƙa na kai hari ana amfani da su tare da makaman atilare wajen kai wa maƙiya hari. Dakarun Ukraine sun yi amfani da su wajen hana sojin Rasha dannawa cikin ƙasarsu.

A farkon fara yaƙin, Ukraine ta riƙa amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa da ake ƙerawa a Turkiyya samfurin TB-2 Bayraktar, wasu makamai da sojoji ke amfani da su wajen jefa bom tare da harba makamai masu linzami.

Haka kuma, duka ɓangarorin sun koma amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa masu sauƙin kuɗi wato ƙirar "kamikaze".

Waɗannan jirage marasa matuƙa da ake sayarwa a kasuwa, masu iya ɗaukar abubuwan fashewa a jikinsi.

Za a iya sarrafa su daga kilomitoci masu nisa, kuma suna iya hango inda za su kai hari kafin su ƙaddamar da shi.

Haka ita ma Rasha ta riƙa amfani da duban jiragen kamikaze marasa matuƙa, kamar Shahed -136, ƙirar Iran domin kai hari kan sojoji da fararen hula a Ukraine.

Ta yawaita amfani da su, domin ƙoƙarin rikita taron sararin samaniyar Ukraine.

Atilari: Makamin da ya zama ruwan dare

Makamin atilari ya kasance makamin da aka yi yawan amfani da shi a yaƙin Ukraine.

Wata cibiyar nazarin aikin soji ta Birtaniya, mai suna Royal United Services Institute (Rusi), ta ce Rasha kan harba makaman atilari har sau kusan 10,000 a rana, yayin da Ukraine ke harba 2,000 zuwa 2,500 a rana.

Akan yi amfani da makamin a koyaushe domin duba motsin abokan gaba don harba wa motocinsu ko dakarunsu da cibiyoyi ko sansanoni maƙiya.

“A lokacin yaƙin, harsasai sun zama tamkar ruwa, wanda mutane ke yawan sha, ko tamkar man fetur da motoci ke amfani da su,'' in ji masanin makamin atilari da soji na BBC Kanal Petro Pyatakov.

Duka ɓangarorin biyu sun yi amfani da miliyoyn harsasan makaman atilari daga suka samu daga ƙasashen waje.

Amurka da ƙasashen Turai sun riƙa aika wa Ukraine, yayin da Rasha ke shigo da su daga Koriya ta Arewa.

ƙasashen Yamma sun sha yunƙurin kai wa Ukraine harsasan da take buƙata, wanda hakan ya ƙara fito da irin gazawar kamfanonin sarrafa harsasan nasu, kamar yadda Justin Crump, shugaban cibiyar nazarin tsaro ta Sibylline ya bayyana.

“A yanzu kamfanonin ƙasashen Yamma kan samar da harsasan ƙananan makamai kawai,'' in ji shi.

To amma ya ce ''ba sa iya sarrafa harsasan manyan makamai da masu yawan gaske''.

Duka Rasha da Ukraine sun yi amfani da manyan makaman atilare a yaƙin.

Ukraine kan harba harsasan makaman da ƙasashen Yamma suka samar mata, kamar Excalibur, yayin da Rasha a nata ɓangare ke amfani da harsasan Krasnopol .

Haka kuma Amurka da sauran ƙasashen Yamma kan samar wa Ukraine harsasan makamin masu cin dogon zango na Himars.

Makaman suna bai wa sojojin Ukraine damar kai hari cikin Rasha.

Bama-boman Glide: Masu mugun ɓarna da wahalar kakkaɓowa

Tun farkon 2023, dakarun Rasha sun yi amfani da da dubban ''boma-baman glides'' wajen tarwatsa sansanonin sojin Ukraine a filin daga, tare da kai wa fararen hula hari a gine-ginensu.

Sukan faɗa inda aka aika su tare da haifar da mummunar ɓarna ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin hangen nesa na tauraron ɗan'adam.

Rasha ta fi amfani da boma-baman glides, da yawan nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 200 zuwa 3,000 ko fiye.

“Bom ɗin glide na haifar da ɓarna mai yawa kan sansanonin abokan gaba da lalata gine-gine,'' in ji Farfesa Justin Bronk, masanin yaƙin sama a cibiyar Rusi.

Ya ce Rasha ta yawaita amfani da su domin lalata tsaron Ukraien musamman a garin Adviivka da ke gabashin Ukraine, da Rasha ta ƙwace a watan Fabrairun 2024.

Boma-boma glide kan kai dala $20,000 ko $30,000 kowane guda, in ji Farfesa Bronk.

Akan harba su gomman kilomitoci daga inda ake son su je, kuma suna da wahalar kakkaɓowa idan an harba su, in dai ba da manyan makaman kariya ba.

Haka ita ma Ukraine takan yi amfani da bom ɗin glide da Amurka da Faransa suka ba ta da sauran manyan makamai.

Haka kuma ta riƙa ƙera nata ta hanyar amfani da ƙananan makaman da Amurka ta ba ta, masu nauyin kilogiram 200.

To amma ba ta kai Rasha yin amfani da makaman ba.

Na'urorin zamani: Hanya mafi sauƙi ta lalala makaman abokan gaba

An yi amfani da makamai masu lankarki a yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine fiye da yadda aka taɓa yi a baya.

Dubban sojoji daga kowane ɓangare na aiki a sansanoni na musamman, suna ƙoƙarin wargaza ko lalata jirage marasa matuƙan ɗaya ɓangaren, tare da hana abokan gaba kai musu hari.

Sojojin Rasha na da na'urori kamar Zhitel wadda ke iya wargaza sadarwar tauraron ɗan'adam da ta radiyo da ta wayoyi.

Ƙasashen Yamma sun yi mamakin yadda suka ga cikin sauƙi na'urorin Rasha sun kakkaɓo manyan makamai kamar su Himars a Ukraine, in ji Dakta Marina Miron ta sashen nazarin yaƙi a jami'ar King da ke birnin Landon.

“Tsararriyar na'urar yaƙi ce,” in ji ta. “dakarun Nato na da makaman da sun zarta ana Rasha ta fuskar fasaha, amma Rasha ta nuna cewa za ta iya amfani da wasu na'urori masu sauƙi wajen hana su aiki cikin sauƙi

Duncan McCrory daga cibiyar Freeman Air & Space ta jami'ar King ta Landon ta ɗin shugabannin soji na ƙasashen Nato na buƙatar koyon darasi daga yadda Rasha ke amfani da na'urorin zama a yaƙin Ukraine.

"Suna buƙatar horas da sojojinsu yadda za su yi amfani da su a lokacin da jirgi maras matuƙi idan yana nemansu," in ji shi.