Wane ne Iyad Ag Ghaly da gwamnatin Mali ta sa tukwicin dala miliyan 3.5 ga wanda ya samo shi?

A ranar Alhamis ne hukumomin Mali suka sanar cewa za su bayar da tukwicin Cefa biliyan biyu kwatankwacin dala miliyan uku da rabi ga duk wanda ya taimaka wajen kama Iyad Ag Ghaly, jagoran ƙungiyar masu iƙrarin jihadi ta Sahel, JNIM, tare da wasu daga cikin abokan haɗin gwiwarsa bisa zargin ta'addanci.

Wannan mataki ya biyo bayan hare-haren haɗin gwiwa na ranar 25 ga Afrilu da 'yan jihadi na JNIM da kuma 'yan awaren ƙungiyar Abzinawa wato Azawad Liberation Front (FLA) suka kai, waɗanda suka yi sanadin mutuwar Ministan Tsaro, Sadio Camara.

Kimanin watanni biyu kenan dai aka kai hare-haren a Kidal da Kati na ƙasar ta Mali.

A wata sanarwa da Ministan tsaro da Kariyar Jama'a na Mali, Manjo Janar Daoud Aly Mouhammedine ya sanya wa hannu, hukumomin Mali sun gayyaci al'umma da su haɗa kai da rundunonin tsaro domin taimakawa wajen gano mutane bakwai da ake ganin barazana ce ga tsaron ƙasar.

Tukwici

"A ƙoƙarin yaƙi da ta'addanci da kuma kare tsaron ƙasa, Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Mali na sanar da jama'a cewa za a bayar da lada ga duk wanda ya bayar da sahihi, ingantacce kuma bayani mai amfani da za su taimaka wajen kama ko kawar da mutanen da aka ambata a ƙasa," in ji sanarwar daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro da Kare Jama'a, wadda aka watsa a talabijin na gwamnati a ranar Alhamis.

Hukumomin ƙasar ta Mali sun bayar da lada na Cefa biliyan biyu ga duk wanda ya taimaka wajen kama jagoran mai iƙrarin jihadi Iyad Ag Ghaly, shugaban ƙungiyar Jama'at Nusrat al‑Islam wal‑Muslimin (JNIM).

Haka kuma akwai Amadou Koufa, shugaban ƙungiyar Macina Katiba, da Abdoulaye Mohamed wanda ake wa laƙabi da Habib, shi ma daga Macina katiba; inda aka saka musu lada na Cefa biliyan 1.5.

Akwai fitaccen ɗan siyasa da soja na ƙungiyar ƴan aware ta Abzinawa wato Azawad Liberation Front, Algabas Ag Intallah, wanda aka sanya masa tukwicin Cefa biliyan ɗaya a kansa.

Sai kuma shugabanni uku na ƙungiyar ta Abzinawa, wato Ghita, Bilal Chérif da Abderrahmane Al Banna, wadanda aka saka ladan Cefa miliyan 500 a kan kowannensu.

Wane ne Iyad Ag Ghaly?

An haifi Iyad Ag Ghaly a shekarar 1958 a Boghassa, a yankin Kidal da ke arewacin Mali, kuma shi jagoran yaƙin Tuareg ne kuma mai ikrarin jihadi na Mali.

A shekarun 1970, ya nemi mafaka a Libya inda ya shiga rundunar Kanar Muammar Gaddafi, kamar yadda yawancin matasan Tuareg na zamaninsa suka yi, domin yaƙi a Lebanon da Chadi.

Bayan dawowarsa Mali a farkon shekarun 1990, ya kafa ƙungiyar ƴan aware ta Abzinawa mai suna Popular Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MPLA) tare da ƙaddamar da tawayen Tuareg.

Haka kuma yana daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa wata ƙungiyar ta Abzinawa Popular Movement of Azawad (MPA), wadda ya jagoranta wajen yaƙi da gwamnatin Mali kafin daga bisani ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da ƙasar a shekarar 1992.

Daga baya ya karkata zuwa tsattsauran ra'ayin addinin, inda ya yi hulɗa da 'yan jihadi na ƙungiyar GSPC, wadda ta hade da Al‑Qaeda a shekarar 2007 sannan ta rikiɗe zuwa Al‑Qaeda a yammacin Afirka (AQMI).

Iyad Ag Ghaly ya kafa ƙungiyar masu ikrarin jihadi ta Salafiyya mai suna Ansar Dine a shekarar 2012 domin shiga yaƙin AQMI.

Bayan shekaru biyar, a 2017, ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar da ke iƙrarin tallafa wa Musulunci da Musulmi ta GSIM, wadda ta haɗa da ƙungiyoyin 'yan jihadi da dama na Mali waɗanda suka rantse da biyayya ga AQMI da Al‑Qaeda.

Tasirin Ag Ghaly ga tattalin arziƙin Mali

A cewar Cibiyar Timbuktu, Iyad Ag Ghaly ya zama "mutumin da ake nema ruwa a jallo a yankin Sahel kuma babban barazana ga gwamnatin Mali."

Cibiyar ta ce a cikin watannin baya-bayan nan jagoran ya sauya dabarun yaki. Maimakon fafatawa kai tsaye da sojoji, yanzu yana amfani da dabarar "takaita tattalin arziki".

Ta hanyar toshe manyan hanyoyi da lalata muhimman abubuwa kamar layukan wutar lantarki, Ag Ghaly yana kokarin hana babban birnin kasar samun abinci, man fetur da makamashi.

Manufarsa ita ce sanya rayuwa ta zama mai matukar wahala ga jama'a domin raunana kasar daga cikin gida.

Bisa ga binciken kwararru, manufarsa ta fi karkata ga siyasa — wato ware gwamnatin da ke mulki a Bamako da kuma haddasa faduwarta, ba wai ya jagorancin Mali kai tsaye ba.

Ana ganin zai iya son ci gaba da zama a gefe amma yana sarrafa al'amura daga nesa.

Ga gwamnati, wannan barazana tana da tsanani sosai domin ba a fagen soja kadai take ba, har ma tana shafar rayuwar yau da kullum ta 'yan Mali, wanda ke tilasta gwamnati ta nemo sabbin hanyoyin kare kasar cikin gaggawa.

Kotun ICC na neman Ag Ghaly

Kotun Hukunta Manyan Laifuka ta Duniya (ICC) ta dade tana da sammacin kama Iyad Ag Ghaly bisa zargin aikata laifukan cin zarafin bil'adama da kuma laifukan yaki tsakanin 2012 da 2013.

Kungiyar JNIM, wadda ke da alaka da Al‑Qaeda, na daga cikin kungiyoyin 'yan jihadi mafi tasiri a yankin Sahel, tana haddasa ta'addanci a Mali, Nijar da Burkina Faso — kasashen da suka kafa kawancen ƙasashen Sahel na Alliance of Sahel States (AES).

Bugu da ƙari, gwamnatin sojin Mali ta sanar a talabijin na ƙasa a ranar Alhamis cewa ta haramta zirga-zirgar babura a wajen manyan birane, a wani sabon mataki na yaki da kungiyoyin makamai a kasar.

An ce wannan haramci ya shafi babura masu matsakaici da manyan injuna, wadanda suke da karfi da sauri, yayin da kananan babura ba su shafi wannan doka ba.

Haka kuma hukumomi sun dakatar da shigo da babura da sayar da su tare da kayayyakin gyaransu na tsawon shekara guda. An bai wa 'yan kasuwa wa'adin watanni uku su bayyana hajojinsu, in ba haka ba za a kwace baburan da ba a yi rajista ba daga hannunsu.