Ƙasashen Afirka 15 da suka fi kwatanta dimokuraɗiyya ta gaskiya

Da alama tsarin mulkin dimokuradiyya na gaskiya - Liberal Democracy a Turance - da ya ƙunshi jam'iyyu, da zaɓuka, da 'yancin ƙungiyanci, yana fuskantar matsala a nahiyar Afirka.

Daga cikin ƙasashe 55 na nahiyar, 28 na da shugabannin kama-karya amma waɗanda aka zaɓa, 12 ba zaɓaɓɓu ba ne, 13 ne kacal ke da cikakken tsarin zaɓe, sai kuma biyu kacal (Seychelles da Afirka ta Kudu) da aka yi imanin su ne ke bin cikakken tsarin dimokuraɗiyya, kamar yadda cibiyar V-Dem Institute ta bayyana mai nazarin kan harkokin mulkin dimokuraɗiyya.

Wace ce cibiyar V-Dem Institute?

V-Dem cibiya ce da ke nazari da bincike a ƙasar Sweden. Takan fitar da bayanai kan dimokuraɗiyya mafiya girma game da dimokuraɗiyya a ƙasashe 202 tun daga 1789 zuwa 2024.

Ta ce tana yin haɗin gwiwa da masu bincike 4,200 a faɗin duniya.

Waɗanne ƙa'idoji ake amfani da su?

Domin fitar da bayanai kan dimokuraɗiyya, V-Dem kan yi amfani da hanyoyi da dama.

Daga cikin hanyoyin akwai lissafin Liberal Democracy Index (LDI) na nuna ɓangaren zaɓe da kuma 'yancin dimokuraɗiyya, da kuma tsarin Liberal Component Index (LCI) da ke nazartar matsalolin da gwamnatoci ke fuskanta game da kare haƙƙi da kuma bai wa sauran ɓangarorin tafiyar da gwamnati 'yancin gudanar da aiki.

Sai kuma ma'aunin Electoral Democracy Index (EDI) da ke nazartar rashin 'yancin kafofin yaɗa labarai, da katse layin intanet, da cin zarafin 'yanjarida, da nuna ɓangaranci, da ma 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki gaba ɗaya.

Halin da dimokuraɗiyya ke ciki a Afirka a 2024

A cewar V-Dem Institute, 'yancin dimokuraɗiyya ya ragu a ƙasashen kudu da hamadar Afirka shekarun baya-bayan nan. Wannan raguwar na faruwa ne "saboda yawan juyin mulkin da aka yi a yankin Sahel daga 2020 zuwa 2023, da kuma ƙaruwar kama-karya a ƙasashe kamar Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, da Comoros, da Mozambique, da Togo".

Yanzu "a yankin kudu da hamadar Afirka - ko kuma sub-Saharan Africa a Turance - akasarin mutanen yankin (kashi 64 cikin 100) na zaune ne a ƙarƙashin mulkin kama-karya kamar a Comoros, da Tanzania, da Uganda, da Zimbabwe".

Ƙasashe kamar Gabon da Nijar sun fita daga kama-karyar dimokuraɗiyya zuwa mulkin kama-karya a 2024 bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a 2023 da kuma yawan ɗaga zaɓuka da aka dinga yi bayan haka.

Ƙasahen Afirka da suka fi kwatanta dimokuraɗiyya ta gaskiya (Liberal Democracy) a 2024

1- The Seychelles:

Ƙasar da ke da arzikin cikin gida gwargwadon yawan jama'arta na dala 17,858.8, ita ce mafi arziki a Afirka. Babu daɗewa aka zaɓi sabon shugaban ƙasa a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba - Patrick Herminie mai shekara 62.

Shi ne shugaba na shida a ƙasar da ke da yawan al'ummar da ba su kai 200,000 ba.

2- Afirka ta Kudu:

Afirka ta Kudu ce ƙasa ta biyu a jerin waɗanda suka fi kwatanta mulkin dimokuraɗiyya na gaskiya a Afirka. Ta shekara 10 tana mulkin dimokuradiyya kafin ta kai matsayin dimokuraɗiyya na gaskiya wato Liberal Democracy.

A karon farko cikin shekara 30, jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC), ta samu kashi 40.2 cikin 100 na ƙuri'u, inda ta rasa rinjaye a majalisa. Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance (DA) ta samu kashi 21.8%, MK ta tsohon shugaban ƙasa Jacob Zuma ta samu 14.6%.

3- Botswana:

Botswana mai bin tsarin dimokuraɗiyya irin na majalisa, na da natsattsen tsarin dimokuraɗiyya mai cike da zaɓe na adalci da ake yi duk shekara biyar.

Akan kafa misali da ita a matsayin abar koyi, musamman yadda shugabanni ba su wuce wa'adin mulkinsu.

4- Gambia:

'Yar ƙaramar ƙasar da Afirka ta Yamma, Gambia, ta shiga tsarin dimokuraɗiyya mai 'yanci tun 2016 bayan shafe shekara 22 ƙarƙashin mulkin kama-karya na Yahya Jammeh.

Ƙasar ta kawo ƙarshen karya ƙa'idar aiki, da ɓatar da mutane, da kisan gilla, da tsare abokan adawa, da kulle 'yanjarida a gidan yari.

5- Cape Verde:

Tun bayan samun 'yancin kai a 1975, wannan 'yar ƙaramar ƙasar na mulkar kanta cikin tsanaki.

Jam'iyya ɗaya ce ta daɗe tana mulki - PAICV - amma ta koma mai jam'iyyu da yawa a 1990. Tun daga nan kuma, an yi ta karɓa-karɓa tsakanin gwamnatoci daban-daban cikin kwanciyar hankali.

6- Ghana:

Masu saka ido sun sha yabon salon dimokuraɗiyya na Ghana, musamman saboda yadda aka samu sauyin gwamnatoci biyar cikin kwanciyar hankali ƙarƙashin jam'iyyu biyu na NDC da NPP.

Tun daga lokacin Shugaba Jerry Rawlings (1993-2001) ya kama mulki aka samu wannan sauyi, wanda ya sa ake ganin Ghana ta zama abar loyi a yammacin Afirka.

7- Lesotho:

Ƙasar na bin tsarin mulukiyya ne garwaye da tsarin mulki na zamani, amma duk da haka tana kan hanyar zama cikakkiyar 'yar dimokuraɗiyya.

Yanzu akan sauya gwamnati salin-alin kamar yadda aka gani loakcin zaɓen Sam Matekane na jam'iyyar Revolution for Prosperity (RFP) a 2022.

8- Liberia:

Liberiya ta zama abar koyi a fannin dimokuraɗiyya ne a Afirka bayan shekaru na yaƙin basasa (1990-2003).

An zaɓi Ellen Johnson Sirleaf a matsayin shugabar ƙasa a 2003, wadda ta zama mace ta farko da aka zaɓa shugabar ƙasa a Afirka.

A 2017 ne kuma aka zaɓi tsohon tauraron ƙwallon ƙafa George Weah shugaban ƙasa, sannan aka kayar da shi a 2023 bayan Joseph Boakai ya doke shi.

9- Malawi:

Wannan ƙaramar ƙasar ta Gabashin Afirka ta zaɓi shugaba babu daɗewa, inda tsohon shugaban ƙasa Peter Mutharika mai shekara 85 ya dawo kan mulki bayan lashe kashi 57 na ƙuri'u.

Abokin hamayyarsa Lazarus Chakwera ya amince da shan kayen tun kafin a sanar da sakamakaon.

10- Sao Tome and Principe

Tun bayan fara amfani da tsarin jam'iyyu da yawa a 1990, Sao Tome and Principe ta koma bin tsarin mulkin majalisa.

Duk da yunƙurin kawo tsaiko (2003, 2009, 2022), ƙasar ta yi nasara cigaba da bin dimokuraɗiyya, inda jam'iyyu daban-daban suka miƙa wa juna mulki cikin ruwan sanyi.

11- Senegal:

An daɗe ana yi wa Senegal kallon abar koyi a fannin dimokuraɗiyya a Afirka.

Ita ce kaɗai a Afirka ta Yamma da ba ta taɓa fuskantar juyin mulki ba tun bayan samun 'yancin kai a 1960.

An sha miƙa mulki cikin ruwan sanyi a ƙasar, kuma ba a wuce lokutan da aka tsara yin zaɓe.

12- Kenya:

A Gabashin Afirka, Kenya na cikin wuraren da dimokuraɗiyya ta fi samun gindin zama duk da rikicin bayan zaɓe da aka sha a baya.

Sai dai ba ta kai ƙasashe kamar Afirka ta Kudu ba idan ana maganar kyautatuwar dimokuraɗiyyar.

13- Namibia:

Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, ita ce mace ta farko shugabar ƙasa a Namibia wadda aka zaɓa a watan Mayun da ya gabata bayan lashe kashi 57.31 cikin 100 na ƙuri'u.

Yanzu ita ce ke jagorantar siyasar ƙasar ta Kudancin Afirka, wadda jam'iyyar South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) ta mamaye tun daga 1999.

14- Najeriya:

Ƙasar da ta fi shahara da girman tattalin arziki da yawan jama'arta, Najeriya na da jihohji 36, kuma tun daga ƙarshen mulkin soja a 1999, jam'iyyun PDP da APC suka fara karɓa-karɓar mulki a tsakaninsu.

Sai dai cibiyar V-Dem na ganin Najeriya a matsayin ƙasar da dimokuraɗiyya ba ta zauna da gindinta ba musamman game da batun zaɓe.

15- Zambia:

Tun daga 1991 da aka fara miƙa mulki cikin ruwan sanyi, Zambia ta fara samun cigaba duk da 'yan matsaloli.

Bayan shekara 24 tana adawa, jam'iyyar UPDN ta Kenneth Kaunda ta koma kan mulki bayan ɗantakararta Hakainde Hichilema ya lashe zaɓen watan Agusta.

Duk da kallon maras ƙarfi a fannin dimokuradiyya, tsarin dimokuraɗiyyarta na aiki - in ban da a 2016, lokacin da ɗantakarar da aka kayar ya ƙalubalanci zaɓen.