Kubera iki Ubushinwa bugenda bwongereza ibirwanisho vya nikleyere?

Mu myaka myinshi iheze, Ubushinwa bwagumye bunyegeza bukirinda no gushira ahabona urugero rw'ibirwanisho vya nikleyere bufise hamwe na politike ijanye na vyo.

Ico reta y'Ubushinwa yemanga icese gusa ni uko politike yayo y'ibirwanisho vya nikleyere igamije gukingira igihugu. Iyo reta imaze igihe ivuga kuri politike y'uko Ubushinwa budashobora gukoresha ibisasu vya nikleyere ubwa mbere mu ntambara, igasigura ko bushobora kubikoresha gusa mu kwishura canke kwivuna igitero ca nikleyere coba cabutumberejweko.

Ariko rero, Ubushinwa bwama bwanka kwitaba akamo ko kwinjira mu biganiro vy'ibihugu bitatu ku bijanye no kugenzura ibirwanisho vya nikleyere vyobuhuza na Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hamwe n'Uburusiya.

Abasesanguzi bo mu bihugu vyo mu Burengero bavuga ko Ubushinwa bwagiye buratera imbere mu bushobozi bwabwo bw'ibirwanisho n'ibisasu vya nikleyere mu myaka ya vuba. Amakuru y'ingereranyo yerekana ko hagati y'umwaka wa 2023 na 2025, Ubushinwa bwagiye bwongereza hafi ibisasu vya nikleyere 100 buri mwaka mu bubiko bwabwo.

Ico gihugu kandi carateje imbere rwose amamisire n'ubuhinga bijanye kugira kironke ubushobozi bukwiye bwo kwivuna igitero ico ari co cose gishobora kuba.

Beijing ivuga ko ubushobozi bwayo bw'ibirwanisho vya nikleyere bwashizweho kugira ngo ntihagire umwansi acutsa umutima wo kugaba igitero, kandi ko itazokwigera ikekeranya kwerekana ubushobozi bwayo bwa nikleyere hamwe hogira igitero ico ari co cose ca nikleyere corabishwa ku Bushinwa.

Mu mwaka wa 2024, ico gihugu cagize igerageza rya misire ndengamigabane mw'ibahari ya Pasifike. Hanyuma mu 2025, ku ncuro ya mbere ico gihugu carerekanye ku mugaragaro ubuhinga bushasha bw'ibisasu vya nikleyere bifise imitwe itatu, mw'ikarashishi yo kwibuka intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose.

Ivyo bisasu bigizwe n'ibishobora kurasirwa ku butaka, mu mazi no mu kirere, gutyo bikongereza ubushobozi bw'Ubushinwa bwo kwivuna igitero ico ari co cose ca nikleyere.

Politike y'Ubushinwa

Ico Ubushinwa bwemanga icese ku bijanye n'ibirwanisho vya nikleyere ni uko ari politike yo kwicungerera umutekano.

Mu mwaka wa 2024, bwarashikirije umugambi ujanye no kudakoresha ibirwanisho vya nikleyere ubwa mbere, aho bwasiguye ko ari ingingo ijanye no gushira mu ngiro amasezerano ategekanya gukinga ikwiragira ry'ibirwanisho vya nikleyere ku bihugu bitabifise.

Ubushinwa kandi bwarasavye ibihugu bifise ibirwanisho vya nikleyere kwemeza politike yo kutazobikoresha ubwa mbere, no kwiyemeza kutazovyishimikiza mu gutera ubwoba ibihugu bidafise mwene ivyo birwanisho.

Isuzuma ry'ibihugu vyo mu Burengero

Hambavu y'uko politike y'Ubushinwa ijanye n'ibirwanisho vyayo vya nikleyere itavurwako rumwe, abasesanguzi bo mu bihugu vyo mu Burengero bavuga ko basanze mu myaka ya vuba Ubushinwa buriko burateza imbere cane, kandi mu mwanya muto, ubushobozi bwabwo bw'ibirwanisho vya nikleyere.

Icegeranyo c'urwego mpuzamakungu 'Stockholm International Peace Research Institute' (SIPRI) cerekana ko urugero rw'ibisasu vya nikleyere vy'Ubushinwa rwiyongereye mu mwaka wa 2025 gushika ku bisasu 620, bivuye ku bisasu 600 vyari bisanzwe mu bubiko umwaka umwe imbere y'aho.

Nk'uko SIPRI ibivuga, Ubushinwa bwarongeyeko ibisasu vya nikleyere bigera kuri 90 hagati ya 2023 na 2024, hanyuma bwongerako ibindi 100 hagati ya 2024 na 2025. Iryo yongerekana ryabaye irya mbere rinini kandi ryihuta cane ritari bwabeho mu myaka cumi iheze, n'ubwo uwo murindi watanguye kugabanuka.

Icegeranyo ca Pentagon co mu 2024 kivuga ko Ubushinwa bushobora kurwiza na kabiri ibisasu vya nikleyere aho gushika mu 2030 ivyo birwanisho bishobora gushika ku 1,000.

Ariko, io cegeranyo nticafatiye ku bindi vyegeranyo vyo mu 2022 bivuga ko ivyo bisasu vy'Ubushinwa bishobora no kuba vyashitse ku 1,500 mu 2035.

Ihayanishwa ry'ubushobozi bwa nikleyere

N'ubwo ibinyamakuru vya reta y'Ubushinwa kenshi vyirinda kugira ico bivuze ku bitigiri bitangwa n'ibihugu vyo mu Burengero, Beijing imaze imyaka yerekana ku mugaragaro ubushobozi bwayo bwa nikleyere.

Ivyo vyabonetse cane mu mwaka wa 2024, igihe Ubushinwa bwagira igerageza rya misire ndengamigabane ku ncuro ya mbere mw'ibahari ya Pasifike, inyuma y'imyaka hafi 44.

Ubushikiranganji bwo kwivuna abansi bw'Ubushinwa ntibwigeze bushikiriza icese itangazo ku vyerekeye iryo gerageza, ariko ibinyamakuru vy'Ubushinwa vyatangaje ko iyo misire yakubise ico yari yerekejweko kiri ku ntera y'ibirometero 2.000, kandi ko ishobora no kugenda gushika ku birometero 12.000.

Nk'uko ivyegeranyo bibivuga, iyo misire ishobora gushika mu karere k'ubumanuko kazwi nka 'Pôle Sud', ikarenga umugabane wose w'Uburayi, no gushika mu bisagara bikuru vyose biri ku nkengera y'Uburengero bwa Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Nk'uko umuhinga mu vy'ukwivuna abansi wo mu Bushinwa, Du Wenlong, abivuga, iryo gerageza ryerekanye ko Ubushinwa bufise ubushobozi bwo gutsinda uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwo kwikingira ibitero vyo mu kirere hamwe n'ubwo gutangira ama misire.

Mw'ikarashishi rya gisirikare ryabaye mu kwibuka imyaka 80 iheze kuva Ubushinwa butsinze Ubuyapani ryabaye mu 2025, Beijing yerekanye ku ncuro ya mbere ubuhinga bwayo bw'ibisasu vya nikleyere bishobora kuraswa biva ku butaka, mu kirere no mu mazi.

Ibinyamakuru vy'Ubushinwa vyavuze ko ubwo buhinga bwerekana ubushobozi budasanzwe mu vya gisirikare. Harimwo misire ndengamigabane iraswa ivuye mu kirere, iya nikleyere iraswa ivuye mu bwato bugendera munsi y'amazi, misire iraswa iva ku butaka, hamwe na misire ya nikleyere ikoresha igitoro.