Wagner : Menya ingene Uburusiya bwatunganije uno murwi w'abacangero muri Afrika inyuma y'urupfu rwa nyenewo

Hari icegeranyo cerekana ko Uburusiya buriko buha amareta yo muri Africa uburyo bwo kuba aramaze kabiri, na yo akabemerera gushikira amatungo kama ibihugu vyirukira.

Impapuro za reta y'Uburusiya BBC yabonye zerekana ido n'ido ingene Uburusiya buriko burakora mu guhindura amategeko agenga kwimba ubutare muri Africa y'Uburengero, mu ntumbero yo gutuza amakompanyi y'i Bulaya mu karere gafise akamaro gahambaye.

Iyi n'imwe mu ntambwe za reta y'Uburusiya zo gusubirira mu rudandaza umugwi w'abacangero Wagner, wasambutse inyuma yo kunanirwa gutembagaza ubutegetsi mu kwezi kwa Ruheshi (6) mu 2023.

Ibikorwa vy'amamiriyaridi n'amamiriyaridi y'amadorari ubu ahanini bigenzurwa n'ikigo c'Uburusiya "Expeditionary Corps", kirongowe n'umugabo yagirizwa kuba afise uruhara rwo gushaka kwica Sergei Skripal akoresheje ubumara bwa Novichok mu mabarabara yo mu Bwongereza - ivyo Uburusiya bwagumye buhakana.

Jack Watling umuhinga mu ntambara zo ku butaka mu kigo Royal United Seervices Institute(Rusi) akaba ari no mu banditse iyo raporo agira ati: "Iki ni igihugu c'Uburusiya kirikiko kirigaragaza muri poritike yo muri Afrika."

Gushika mu kwa gatandatu 2023, kumbure Yevgeny Prigozhin yari umucangero wa mbere kw’isi ateye ubwoba kandi akomeye. Umurwi Wagner wakontorora amamiliyaridi y'amadorari, mu gihe abarwanyi biwe bari bafise uruhara rudasanzwe mu gitero c’Uburusiya muri Ukraine.

Mu nyuma, yahavuye afata ingingo yo gushika i Moscou ku nguvu mu ntumbero yo gusaba ko umushikiranganji wo kwivuna abansi be n’umukuru w’ibiro bikuru vy’igisirikare babogozwa ariko mu vy'ukuri yateye ubwoba Vladimir Putin ku rugero ata muntu n'umwe yari bwigere abikora imbere y’aho.

Mu ndwi nkeya yahavuye apfira mw'isanganya ry'indege ryateje amakenga menshi, ari kumwe n'abandi bategetsi ba Wagner. Ico gihe abatari bake bibajije vyinshi kuri kazoza ka Wagner inyuma y’urupfu rwiwe. Uno musi inyishu turayifise.

Nk'uko bivugwa na Dr Watling, “haciye haba inama mu biro vy'umukuru w'igihugu c'Uburusiya, Kremlin, inyuma y'imigumuko ya Prigozhin, aho hafashwe ingingo ko ibikorwa vya gisirikare vy'umurwi Wagner bifatwa mu minwe n'igendereza rya gisirikare ry'Uburusiya, GRU.

Jenerali Andrey Averyanov, umukuru wa 29155, umurwi wo mu kinyegero w’abahinga mu kwica abantu baronderwa no guhungabanya amareta yo hanze, ni we yahawe igikorwa co gukurikirana ibikorwa vya Wagner muri Afrika.

Ariko bisa nk’aho igikorwa gishasha ca Jeneral Averyanov kitari ico guhungabanya amareta, ahubwo ko cari ico kuyafasha gutunganya kazoza kayo igihe cose barishe biciye mu masezerano yo gutanga amabuye y'agaciro.

Mu ntango z'ukw’icenda, ari kumwe n'icegera c'umushikiranganji wo kwivuna abansi Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, Jenerali Averyanov yatanguye kugenzura ibikorwa vya gisirikare vyahoze birangurwa na Wagner muri Africa.

Bahereye muri Libya babonana na Jenerali Khalifa Haftar, umutegetsi wa gisirikare. Mu nyuma y’aho bashitse muri Burkina Faso aho bakiriwe na Kapiteni Ibrahim Traore w'imyaka 35 arongoye intwaro ya gisirikare inyuma y’aho ubutegetsi bwahahora bubogorejwe.

Inyuma y’aho, bashitse muri Centrafrique, aho kumbure ibikorwa vya gisirikare vya Wagner bikomeye kurusha ahandi hose ku mugabane wa Afrika, imbere y’uko baja muri Mali bakabonana n'abari batembagaje ubutegetsi.

Mu rugendo rwakurikiye babonanye na Jenerali Salifou Modi umwe mu ntwazangabo za gisirikare zafashe ubutegetsi muri Niger mu mwaka uheze.

Ivyavuye mu mibonano itandukanye, vyerekana ingene aba bagabo babiri bagenda bahumuriza incuti za Wagner ku mugabane babereka ko urupfu rwa Prigozhin rudasigura ko amasezerano bari bafitaniye yari agiye kuba impfagusa.

Amakuru ajanye n’umubonano na Kapiteni Traore wa Burkina Faso yaremeje ko ubucuti buzobandanya “mu rwego rwa gisirikare harimwo kwigisha abari mu vyigwa vy’intwazangabo, hamwe n’intwazangabo zo ku nzego zose, harimwo n'abadereva b'indege mu Burusiya”.

Mu ncamake, urupfu rwa Prigzhin ntirwasigura ko imigenderanire hagati y'abafashe ubutegetsi n'Uburusiya yaciye ihagarara. Mu buryo bumwe bumwe yaciye ikomera cane.

Ibihugu bitatu vyo muri Africa y'uburengero bicuditse na Wagner - Mali, Niger na Burkina Faso - vyose bitwarwa n'abasirikare baherutse gutembagaza ubutegetsi. Kuva ico gihe vyahavuye bimenyesha ko vyiyonkoye kw’ishirahamwe ry'ibihugu vya Africa y'Uburengero, CEDEAO/ECOWAS, maze bica bishinga Urunani rw'ibihugu vy’akarere ka Sahel (Alliance des Etats du Sahel).

Kumbure igihugu cari kimenyereye cane gukorana n'abacangero cari Mali, aho ibitero vy'imirwi yiyitirira idini rya Islam, hamwe n'urukurikirane rw’ama-coups d’Etat, vyatumye kiba igihugu c’akajagari.

Imbere yaho, ubufasha mu bijanye n’umutekano vyaca mu butumwa bwa ONU, MINUSMA, hamwe n'ibikorwa vya gisirikare vy'Ubufransa vyo kurwanya inyeshamba ziyitirira idini rya Islam.

Ariko abanyagihugu ntibari bishimiye Ubufaransa, igihugu cakoronije Burkina Faso, rero igihe Wagner yiyemeza gufata ibikorwa bijanye no kugarukana umutekano ku bufasha bw’Uburusiya, yakirijwe yompi.

“Abarafansa barihanganirwa, ntibari bishimiwe”, nk'uko bivugwa na Edwige Sorgho- Depagne, umuhinga muri poritike ya Afrika akaba akora mu kigo Ambers Advisers.

Bamye babona ko ibikorwa vy'Ubufaransa vyo gufasha mu kurwanya iterabwoba mu karere ka Sahel vyari ivy’igihe gito. Rero, kubona Abafaransa bamazeyo imyaka imyaka irenga 10 ariko bukananirwa no gutorera umuti ikibazo, ntaco vyafashije.

Impande y'uko ari ibintu bishoboka, kwabaye ukwibutsa akakera. Muri ivyo bihugu, si ubwambere bigiranira ubucuti n'u Burusiya . U Burusiya bwariyo imbere mu myaka y'i 1970 na 1980

Hariho iyo ndoto yo gusubira kugaruka mugihe ciza kijanye n'ukugiriranira imigenderanire n'u Burusiya.

Ariko kuri abo bahiritse ubutegetsi b'abasirikare muri ivyo bihugu, kuba hariyo inteko za gisirikare biraboneka ko babifisemwo inyungu.

Ubwambere abo bahiritse ubutegetsi batwara mu kiringo mfatakibanza. Bari bitezwe ko bazotunganya amatora bakagarukana intwaro rusangi. Ariko iyo migwi y'u Burusiya yitwaje ibigwanisho yazanywe gukingira abahiritse ubutegetsi babemerera kuguma ku butsegetsi igihe cose bashatse.

Umugwi wahiritse ubutegetsi wategetse inteko z'u Bufransa kuva muri Mali ubu naho umutekano hagati mu gihugu ubazwa ahanini umugwi Wagner , impinduka zigira ingaruka ku banyagihugu batobato.

Dr Watling avugako ivyo abarusiya batanze ari ibitero vya gisirikare biba hakoreshejwe indege z'ingwano zo ku buhinga bwa none n'ubundi bushobozi. Kandi bariko bakoresha uburyo bwa kera bwa gisoviete bwo gufata abantu nk'abansi badacaguye.

Usanga uyo mugwi warishe abanyagihugu basanzwe kubera bagiye hamwe n'abagwanyi. Habaye ivyagiriji vyinshi bivugako inteko za Wagner zahonyanze agateka ka zina muntu kumugabane wa Africa, no muri Ukraine na Syria aho ishirahamwe rya Prigozhin rifise abariserukira ku rugamba.

Bumwe mu bwatohojwe neza bwabereye mu gisagara Moura hagati mu gihugu ca Mali aho nkuko bivugwa n'icegeranyo c'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu Onu abantu batari munsi ya 500 bishwe n'abantu b'abagabo babazungu bitwaje inkoho barikumwe n'inteko za Mali.

Abababonye bavuga ko bakoresha ururimi rutamenyekanye. Mugihe ata matohoza yigenga yashoboye kuba, ishirahamwe riharanira agateka ka zina muntu Human Rights Watch ryavuze ko abo bantu batamenyekanye bari abacangero b'abarusiya.

Mu vy’ukuri, abantu bari bafise agahinda. “Muri ibi bihugu, si ubwa mbere haba ubucuti n’Uburusiya. Uburusiya bwariyo imbere y’aha, mu myaka ya 1970 na 1980.

“Hari iyi ndoto yo gusubira mu bihe vyiza vya kahise, ibi navyo akenshi bikaba bishingiye ku bucuti n'Uburusiya”.

Ariko kuri aba bategetsi ba gisirikare barongoye ibi bihugu, hari akarusho kanini ko kuba ingabo z’Uburusiya ziriyo.

“Mu ntango, aba bategetsi ba gisirikare bari ab’imfatakibanza. Vyari vyitezwe ko bategura amatora bagasubizaho ubutegetsi bushingiye ku ntwaro rusangi. Ariko iyi mirwi ya gisirikare y’Uburusiya ija gukingira izi ntwaro za gisirikare, ikabafasha kuguma ku butsegetsi igihe cose bashatse.

Abategetsi ba gisirikare batembagaje ubutegetsi bategetse ingabo z’Ubufaransa gukura meza, ubu umutekano hagati mu gihugu ca Mali ukaba ahanini uri mu minwe ya Wagner, impinduka zagize akarusho ku banyagihugu batobato.

Dr Watling ati: “Abarusiya bazanye inguvu zikomeye aho bazanye za kajugujugu z’ubuhinga bwa none n'ubushobozi bwo kurwana budasanzwe.

“Bakoresha ubuhinga bwa kera bwo ku ntwaro y’Abasoviyeti, aho inyeshamba zicwa, co kimwe n’abasivire bafatwa ko bafasha canke bafitaniye isano n’inyeshamba”.

Hari ibirego vyinshi bivuga ko ingabo za Wagner zigenda zihohotera kiremwamuntu ku mugabane wa Afrika, co kimwe no muri Ukraine na Syria, aho uno murwi wa Prigozhin wari washinze rukaguma.

Amwe mu mabi yatohojwe neza yabereye mu gisagara ca Moura co hagati mu gihugu ca Mali, aho nk’uko bivugwa n'icegeranyo c'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU, abantu batari munsi ya 500 bishwe n’ingabo za Mali ziri kumwe “ n'abazungu bitwaje ibirwanisho”, bavuga “ururimi rutazwi” nk’uko ababibonye babivuga.

Mu gihe ata matohoza yigenga yashoboye kuba, ishirahamwe riharanira agateka ka zina muntu Human Rights Watch ryavuze ko abo bantu batamenyekanye bari abacangero b'Abarusiya.

Ku bijanye n’impembo kuri ibi bikorwa vyo kugarukana umutekano bikomeye, n’ubwo vyarangwa n’ubugome, Wagner nayo yari ifise ivyo isaba.

Mali, co kimwe n'ibindi bihugu vyinshi vya Africa irafise ubutunzi kama, harimwo imbaho, ubutare bw’inzahabu, za uranium na lithium. Bumwe burasanzwe, ariko hari n’ubundi buhambaye cane.

Nk'uko Dr Watling abivuga, Wagner yagendera ku muco usanzwe uhari kuva muri kahise: “Uburusiya bufise ingene busanzwe bukora, ni ukuvuga ko wishura ibikorwa vyabwo vya gisirikare biciye mu bikorwa vy’ubucuruzi. Muri Afrika, ibi bikorwa vya Wagner birihwa mu gutanga amabuye y’agaciro”.

Mu gihugu ico ari co cose ikoreramwo, bivugwa ko Wagner yahawe amatungo kama menshi mu buryo bwo kuriha ibikorwa vyawo, ariko kandi inaharonkera inyungu iboneka.

Uburusiya bwacukuye muri Afrika inzahabu ifise agaciro k’imiriyaridi 2.5 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika mu myaka ibiri iheze, zishobora kuba zabufashije mu ntambara yabwo muri Ukraine nk'uko bivugwa n'ikigo Blood Gold Report.

Muri uku kwezi, abarwanyi b'Abarusiya – bahoze bitwa abacangero ba Wagner - barigaruriye ibirombe vy’inzahabu vy’ahitwa Intahaka muri Mali, hafi y'urubibe ico gihugu gihana na Burkina Faso. Imirwi y’inyeshamba itandukanye yari imaze imyaka itari mike irwanira kwigarurira ako karere ka mbere kanini gatunze ubutare mu buraruko bwa Mali.

Ariko hari n'ikindi gishobora kugira inkurikizi zikomeye kuri poritike mpuzamakungu.

Dr Watling avuga ati: ''Ubu turiko tubona Abarusiya bagerageza kwigizayo ibihugu vya Bulaya mu buryo bwo kugenzura umutungo n’amabuye y’agaciro”.

Muri Mali itegeko rigenga ugucukura amabuye y'agaciro ryarahinduwe kugira ngo abasirikare batembagaje ubutegetsi bifatire mu minwe umutungo kama. Uno mugambi watumye ikompanyi ya Australia yimba ubutare bwa lithium ihagarika vy’imfatakibanza imitahe yayo, ivuga ko itabona neza ingene iri tegeko rizoshirwa mu ngiro.

Mu gihe lithium n'inzahabu ari ubutare ngirakamaro, hari ibintu biteje umutima uhagaze nk’uko bivugwa na Dr Watling. Ati: “Muri Niger Abarusiya bariko bakora uko bashoboye kwose kugira ngo baronke amasoko nk’ayo yotuma Ubufaransa budasubira kuronka ububasha ku matungo kama ya uranium mu gihugu.

Iki cegeranyo kiravuga ido n'ido ku rwandiko rwerekana intego yo gushika ku ntambwe ikomeye muri Niger nk’iyatewe muri Mali. Mu gihe Uburusiya bwokwigarurira uranium yo muri Africa y'uburengero, umugabane wa Bulaya ushobora gusubira gutakaza amasoko ntanganguvu.

Ubufaransa bugendera ahanini ku masoko ntanganguvu ya nikleyeri kurusha ibindi bihugu vyose kw'isi, kuko bufise ibigo 56 vyimbura hafi bibiri vya bitatu vy'umuyagankuba iki gihugu gikeneye.

Hafi ica gatanu ca uranium ikoreshwa iva muri Niger. Harigeze kuba imyidogo ku masezerano y’uru rudandazwa, aho hari ababona ko Ubufaransa, igihugu cahoze gitwara gikoloni ibihugu bitari bike vya Afrika y’Uburengero, buriko buranyaga amatungo kama y’ibihugu nka Niger.

Dr Watling avuga ati : ''Amajambo Uburusiya bukoresha ni uko ibihugu vya Bulaya bicitwara gikoloni.

“Ni imvugo y'agahemo gakomeye cane kuko ukuntu Abarusiya bakora, ni ugutaramura ubutegetsi bw’ibi bihugu, bakigarurira incabwenge zavyo, bagaheza bagacukura amatungo kama yavyo ataco binona, iyo ni yo nyifato y’igikoloni”.

Mu vy'ukuri izi ngabo zikorera hanze y’igihugu zisa n'uko ari Wagner ya kabiri (Wagner 2.0). Prigozhin yarubatse ubucuti bwa politike, bw'ubutunzi n’ubwa gisirikare ku mugabane wa Africa - kubusambura vyari kugorana cane kandi vy'ukuri nta nyungu vyari gutanga.

Izi ngabo zikorera hanze y’igihugu ziriko zikorera mu bihugu Wagner yari sanzwe ikoreramwo, zigakoresha ibikoresho bimwe kandi – nk’uko biboneka – zikaba zifise n’intego imwe.

Nk'uko bivugwa na Dr Watling impinduka nyamukuru ihagaze ku kungene “Uburusiya buriko bukora bwiyuguruye cane mu kubandanya umugambi wabwo”. Wagner igihe ca Prigozhin wakora ku buryo vyari vyoroshe ku Burusiya guhakana ko ata ruhara bwari bufise mu bikorwa vyayo hanze y’igihugu.

Ariko, inyuma yo gutanguza intambara kuri Ukraine, nyinshi mu nzego z’umutekano zo mu bihugu vy’Uburengero zabonye ko Uburusiya bwari buhejeje kwipfukura.

Dr Watling avuga ati: “Ivyo bariko bararondera gukora ni ukwunyura ibibazo ku rwego mpuzamakungu. Bariko bagerageza kwatsa umuriro hose, no kuwukwiragiza hose aho usanzwe uri, bagatuma isi ihungabana”.

“Impera n’imperuka, ibi biraduca intege mw’isiganwa turimwo ku rwego mpuzamakungu. Rero, ingaruka ntishoka yibonekeza ubwo nyene, ariko muri kazoza, ni akaga gakomeye”.