Umusi mukuru wahariwe abagore: ivyo ukeneye kumenya

Kumbure ufise kuba wabonye mu binyamakuru ahanditse umusi mpuzamakungu wahariwe abagore canke ukavyumva mu bagenzi bariko barabiyaga.

Ariko none uyu musi ni umusi nyabaki? Uba ryari? Hoba hariho umusi usa n’uyu witwa ko wahariwe abagabo? Ni ibiki vyitezwe mu guhimbaza uno musi?

Haraciye imyaka irenga ikinjana abantu bahimbaza igenekerezo rya 8 Ntwarante (3) nk’umusi udasanzwe ku bagore.

Bandanya usoma kugira umenye igituma.

Watanguye gute?

Umusi mpuzamakungu wahariwe abagore, watanguye nk’umuhari w’abakozi uvamwo wemezwa n’ishirahamwe ONU nk’umusi wama uhimbazwa buri mwaka.

Imbuto zawo zatanguye kubibwa mu 1908, igihe abagore 15.000 bakora imyiyerekano mu gisagara ca New York basaba ko bogabanirizwa amasaha yo gukora, bakaronka agahembo keza, basaba kandi uburenganzira bwo gutora.

Umwaka wakurikiye, umugambwe w’Abasosiyaliste muri Amerika waciye utangaza umusi wa mbere wahariwe umugore ku rwego rw’igihugu.

Iciyumviro co kuwugira umusi mpuzamakungu cavuye ku mugore yitwa Clara Zetkin yaharanira ivyiyumviro vya gikomunista hamwe n’uburenganzira bw’abagore.

Yatanze iki ciyumviro mu 1910 mw’ikoraniro mpuzamakungu ry’abagore b’abakozi ryabereye i Copenhagen. Hari hakoraniye abagore 100 bava mu bihugu 17, kandi bose baremeje iki ciyumviro ata n’umwe avuyemwo.

Watanguye guhimbazwa mu 1911 mu bihugu vya Autriche, Danemark, Ubudagi n’Ubuswisi. Mu 2011 hahimbajwe imyaka ijana uno musi mukuru utangujwe, uno musi duhimbaza isabuku y’imyaka 111 y’umusi mpuzamakungu wahariwe umukenyezi.

Ibintu vyashizwe ahagaragara mu 1975 igihe ishirahamwe ONU ritanguriye guhimbaza uno musi. Icivugo ca mbere cemejwe na ONU mu 1996 cabaye “Guhimbaza kahise, gutegura kazoza”.

Umusi mpuzamakungu wahariwe abagore wabaye umusi wo guhimbaza intambwe imaze guterwa n’abagore mu kibano, muri poritike no mu butunzi, mu gihe imizi y’uyu musi muri poritike isigura ko hategurwa imyiyerekano mu kwerekana ingene ubusumbasumbane bubandanya.

Kubera iki uwa 8 Ntwarante?

Iciyumviro ca Clara co kuwugira umusi mpuzamakungu wahariwe abagore nticerekana umusi ntahinduka.

Ntiwigeze wemezwa gushika igihe hategurwa imyiyerekano yabaye mu gihe c’intambara mu 1917 igihe abagore bo mu Burusiya basaba “umukate n’amahoro” – inyuma y’imisi ine iyi myiyerekano ibandanya, vyabaye ngombwa ko umu-Tsar atanga imihoro, hanyuma reta mfatakibanza na yo iha abagore uburenganzira bwo gutora.

Umusi iyi myiyerekano yatanguriyeko mu kirangamisi ca Jules (Calendrier julien /Julian Calendar) cakoreshwa ico gihe mu Burusiya, hari ku wa Mungu igenekerezo rya 28 Ruhuhuma (2). Mu kirangamisi ca Grégoire (calendrier grégorien /Gregorian calendar), uyo musi wari uwa 8 Ntwarante (3) – ari na ho uyu musi uhimbarizwa gushika ubu.

Kubera iki abantu bambara umwambaro w’ibara ry’izambarawu/ry'umuyugubwe?

Amabara y’izambarawu, ry’urwatsi rutoto n’iryera ni amabara y’umusi mpuzamakungu wahariwe abagore, nk’uko biri ku rubuga ngurukanabumenyi rw’umusi mpuzamakungu wahariwe abagore.

"Izambarawu bisigura ubutungane n’iteka. Urwatsi rubisi bisigura umwizero. Iryera risigura ubuziranenge, n’aho ari ijambo riteje impari. Aya mabara yavuye mw’ihuriro ry’abagore baharanira imibereho myiza n’uburenganzira bwa poritike (Women's Social and Political Union, WSPU) mu Bwongereza mu 1908", nk’uko babivuga.

Hoba hariho umusi mpuzamakungu wahariwe abagabo?

Mu bisanzwe urahari, ku wa 19 Munyonyo (11).

Ariko uhimbazwa kuva mu myaka ya 1990 kandi ntiwemewe na ONU. Abantu bo mu bihugu birenga 80, harimwo n’Ubwongereza, barawuhimbaza.

Uyu ni umusi wo guhimbaza “agaciro keza abagabo bafise kw’isi, mu miryango no mu kibano”, nk’uko bivugwa n’abawuteguye, kandi ufise intumbero yo kwerekana ivyitegererezo vyiza, guhimiriza ku mibereho myiza y’abagabo, no gutsimbataza ubucuti hagati y’abadasangiye ibitsina.

Umusi mpuzamakungu wahariwe abagore uhimbazwa gute?

Umusi mpuzamakungu wahariwe abagore ni umusi w’akaruhuko mu bihugu bitari bike, harimwo n’Uburusiya aho amashurwe agurishwa yiyongera incuro zibiri mu misi itatu canke ine ibangabanganywe n’uwa 8 Ntwarante.

Mu Bushinwa, abagore benshi bahabwa akaruhuko k’igice c’umusi ku wa 8 Ntwarante, nk’uko Inama nkuru y’igihugu yabihanuye.

Mu Butaliyano, Umusi mpuzamakungu wahariwe abagore, ikizwi nka la Festa della Donna, uhimbazwa mu gutanga amashurwe azwi nka mimosa (mimosa blossoms). Akahise k’uyu mugirwa ntikazwi neza ariko bizwi ko vyatanguriye i Roma inyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose.

Muri Amerika, ukwezi kwa gatatu ni ukwezi kwahariwe kahise k’umukenyezi. Ijambo rishikirizwa n’umukuru w’igihugu buri mwaka ni iryo gushimagiza ivyaranguwe n’abagore b’Abanyamerika.

Icivugo c’uno mwaka wa 2023 ni ikihe?

Icivugo ca ONU muri uno mwaka wa 2023 ni "DigitALL: Innovation and technology for gender equality" (twogereranya mu Kirundi na “Iterambere ridakumira mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa none). Iki civugo gifise intumbero yo kwemeza no guhimbaza intererano y’abakenyezi n’abigeme mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa none (technologie) be no kwiga hakoreshejwe ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi (online education).

Ni mu gihe hibonekeza igihengeri hagati y’igitsina gabo n’igitsina gore mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa none, aho ONU ivuga ko kubera abagore badafise uburenganzira mu gisata c’ubuhinga bwa none bizotuma ibihugu bifise amikoro make n’ayabayabaye bitakaza imiriyaridi 1500 z’amadorari y’Abanyamerika gushika mu 2025 mu gihe ata cokorwa.