Uganda 2021: Ikibazo c'amoko mu gisirikare na politike mu matora y'ico gihugu

Igihe Uganda ironka intahe y'ukwikukira mu 1962, abategetsi babiri bakuru bari bafise imbono ataho zihuriye na gato ku bijanye n'ishusho y'igisirikare ca Uganda.

Umukuru w'igihugu wa mbere, Edward Mutesa, ava mu bwoko bw'a Baganda n'umushikiranganji wa mbere wiwe, Apollo Milton Obote, mu mitwe yabo bari bafise intumbero zitandukanye ku bijanye n'ingene igisirikare cari kigiye gukingira ukwikukira kwa Uganda cokwubakwa.

Abasirikare benshi ico gihe bava mu buraruko (mu majyarugugu) bwa Uganda aho Obote yakomoka. Abo mu bwoko bw'a Baganda Mutesa yari asanzwe avamwo, nta bibanza bari bafise mu gisirikare.

Nico gituma Mutesa yashaka ko abategetsi ba gisirikare b'abakoloni b'Abongereza boguma mu gihugu kuko yatinya ko mu gihe bogenda ibibanza vyabo vyari guca bifatwa n'abasirikare bava mu buraruko, ibi navyo akabona ko vyaca biha inguvu umushikiranganji wa mbere Obote.

Nk'uko abanditsi batandukanye kuri kahise bavyandika, haradutse imigumuko y'abasirikare mu 1964, aho abasirikare basaba kwongererezwa imishahara, bagashaka kandi ko abazungu hamwe n'abandi bantu b'urukoba rutandukanye n'urwabo ari nabo bakorana n'abo bazungu babaviraho, ivyashize mu bibazo bikomeye Mutesa maze Obote nawe afatiraho kugira ngo akingire inyungu ziwe.

Iyo migumuko niyo yatumye Idi Amin aduzwa ipete akaba Jenerali, mu gihe yari akunzwe cane n'abasirikare ico gihe.

Ni uyu nyene Idi Amin yahavuye ahinduka Obote agatembagaza ubutegetsi bwiwe igihe yari amaze kuba umukuru w'igihugu wa Uganda. Amin nawe yaje kwomorwa ku butegetsi n'igisirikare ca Tanzania gifatanije n'imirwi yarwanya ubutegetsi bwa Uganda.

Inyuma y'aho, Uganda yarongowe na Tito Okello atembagaje ubutegetsi bwa gisivire bwa perezida Godfrey Binaisa. Okello yaje kuva ku butegetsi yirukanywe na Yoweri Museveni atsinze intambara.

Ng'aka rero akahise gatoya ku bijanye n'ikibazo c'amoko mu gisirikare na politike za Uganda.

Iragi ryasizwe n'ubukoloni

Uganda ifise amoko arenga 20. Muri ayo yose, ubwoko bw'a Baganda nibwo bufise abantu benshi, abize benshi kandi batunze cane gusumba ayandi moko yose muri ico gihugu.

Ubu bwoko bushinze imizi hagati mu gihugu kandi mu gice gifise isi ndimwa y'akanovera gahagije, kandi ibikorwa vyinshi vy'ubutunzi bikaba ari ho vyiganje.

N'imbere y'uko Uganda ironka intahe y'ukwikukira, abo mu bwoko bw'a Baganda bari bafise amashure, amavuriro n'ibindi bigo vyinshi vy'ubuzima bw'igihugu.

Ico gihe, igihe Uganda yatwarwa n'Abongereza, bari bafise ibintu vyinshi bafatirako mu kurondera abo baha inyigisho za gisirikare. Kimwe muri bikuru bikuru baraba cari kamere ndemanwa ya muntu, ariko bataravye ubushobozi bwo mu mutwe, canke ubwenge mu yandi majambo.

Kamere ndemanwa ya muntu abakoloni bashaka yari iy'abava cane cane mu buraruko bwa Uganda, nko mu moko y'aba Langi (bwa Obote), aba Acholi n'aba Lugbara ari bwo nyina wa Idi Amin yavamwo.

Ni nako abo bakoloni nyene bakoze muri Tanganyika, mu gukundwakaza abantu bava mu ntara ya Mara kubera ingene bari baremwe hamwe n'ubutwari bwabo ico gihe.

Ku bantu bo mu bwoko bw'a Baganda, akazi k'igisirikare nti kari akazi k'iteka n'icubahiro, ntibagakunda. Inkurikizi yavyo ni uko ubu bwoko bufise ikibanza gito cane mu gisirikare ca Uganda gushika n'ubu. Iyi nayo ni ingorane.

Idi Amin amaze kwirukanwa, Museveni yarakoresheje ububasha bwiwe yari afise nk'umushikiranganji wo kwivuna abansi maze yinjiza mu gisirikare abantu benshi bava mu burengero bwa Uganda ari ho asanzwe akomoka.

Benshi muri bo ni Abahima kandi akaba yaranashizemwo n'impunzi z'abanyarwanda zari izo mu bwoko bw'Abatutsi.

Nk'uko Museveni yabikoze, umukuru wa gisirikare wo mw'ihuriro UNLA (Uganda National Liberation Army), David Oyite Ojok, wewe yinjije mu gisirikare abantu benshi bava mu bwoko bwiwe bw'aba Acholi.

Indyane hagati mw'ihuriro UNLA mu ntango z'imyaka ya 1980 zatumye Museveni na Ojok bacanamwo, maze bituma uyu asigaye ari umukuru w'iki gihugu muri kino gihe yivumbura agasubira mw'ishamba n'umuhari wiwe wa gisirikare Popular Resistance Army (PRA) wari ugizwe ahanini n'abantu bava mu burengero bwa Uganda.

Ico gihe, ibintu ntivyari vyifashe neza mu gisirikare ca reta. N'aho benshi muri co bava mu buraruko bwa Uganda, abari bakundwakajwe cane bari abo mu bwoko bw'aba Langi ari bwo Obote yakomokamwo, mu gihe abo mu bwoko bw'aba Acholi bahabwa ibibanza vyo hasi.

Ico cuka kibi mu gisirikare ca reta, nico nkomoko y'ugusenyuka kw'ubutegetsi bwa Tito Okello Lutwa yabaye umukuru w'igihugu wa Uganda mu kiringo c'amezi atandatu atarenga ntarenguke, kuva kw'igenekerezo rya 29 ukwezi kw'indwi 1985 kushika ku wa 26 z'ukwa mbere 1986.

Isenyuka ry'ubu butegetsi ryabaye inyuma y'urupfu rw'umukuru w'ibiro bikuru vya gisirikare Ojok yari akunzwe cane n'abasirikare. Ojok yapfiriye mw'isanganya rya kajugujugu.

UPDF (igisirikare ca Uganda ubu) muri politike za Uganda

Amaze gushika ku butegetsi mu1986, isura y'igisirikare yaciye ihinduka mu buryo bugaragara cane. Inzego nkuru nkuru hafi zose zaciye zishirwa mu minwe y'abo mu bwoko bw'aba Hima - ibi bikaba ari ibintu bidatangaje kuko kuva Museveni atanguje intambara nibo bari bamushigikiye.

Museveni yaciye ahindura igisirikare citwa NRA, izina ry'inyeshamba, maze acita Ingabo z'Abanyagihugu ba Uganda, (Uganda People's Defence Force, UPDF). Ingene cari cubatse casa neza na neza n'igisirikare ca Tanzania.

Ururimi rukoreshwa cane muri UPDF ni Igiswahili. Hanze y'igisirikare, igiswahili si ururimi rukoreshwa cane. Kandi mu bantu bo mu bwoko bw'a Baganda, uru rurimi rugereranywa n'amabi y'agahomerabunwa bigeze gukorerwa n'abasirikare.

UPDF yaragerageje kuba igisirikare c'igihugu gihuriwemwo n'abanya Uganda bo mu moko yose, n'aho hari ababona ko kiri mu minwe y'abo mu bwoko bw'aba Hima.

Mu butumwa bwiwe yacishije ku rubuga rwa Twitter, Timothy Kalyegira, umwe mu bantu bakomeye banegura ubutegetsi bwa Museveni, yarigeze kubaza igituma kuva mu 1986, abantu bahabwa amabanga yo kuba abavugizi b'igisirikare bama bava mu karere kamwe gusa k'ico gihugu - mu Burengero.

Hampande y'ivyo, uretse Jenerali Katumba Wamala na Jenerali Jeje Odongo, hafi abakuru ba gisirikare bose ba UPDF bava mu burengero bwa Uganda. Abandi baciye muri ayo mabanga yo kurongora UPDF ni Mugisha Muntu, James Kazini na Aronda Nyakairima. Uwurongoye UPDF muri kino gihe ni Jenerali David Muhoozi - na we nyene ava mu Burengero.

Igisirikare muri politike

Bivuye kuri kano kahise ka Uganda, biribonekeza neza ko ari ibintu bitoroshe na gato ko uwuzosubirira Perezida Museveni, igihe ni cagera, yoba umuntu adafise kahise k'igisirikare.

Nico gituma gushika ubu hari amakenga menshi ko Robert Kyagulanyi azwi kw'izina rya 'Bobi Wine', asanzwe ariko ariyamamaza kurongora iki gihugu, adashobora gutsinda Museveni mu matora ategekanijwe mu kwezi kuza.

Kuva Uganda ironse intahe y'ukwikukira, nta mukuru w'igihugu w'umusivire arigera abisikanya n'uwundi biciye mu matora. Eka nta n'umukuru w'igihugu w'umusirikare arigera ava ku butegetsi ku neza.

Kubera ingene igisirikare ca Uganda cubatse, aho abafise amabanga akomakomeye bava mu Burengero bwa Uganda, uwohabwa amahirwe yotegerezwa kuba afise ibintu bibiri: ubwa mbere abe ari umusirikare akomeye kandi abe uwuva muri ico gice c'igihugu.

Nico gituma gushika ubu izina ry'umuntu umwe gusa niryo riza nk'uwushobora kuba ariko arategurwa gusubirira Perezida Museveni, haba mu nzira y'amatora canke mu guhabwa ubutegetsi.

Uyu muntu avugwa cane ko ariko ategurwa kuba umukuru w'igihugu mu myaka iri imbere, ni Liyetena Jenerali, Muhoozi Kainerugaba, imfura ya Perezida Yoweri Kaguta Museveni.