18mh linn / Donnchadh Bàn

Beachdan

Taghadh à lèirmheasan a chaidh a sgrìobhadh mun bhàrdachd aig Donnchadh Bàn, cuide ri beachdan air an clàradh air bhidio agus ann an earrainnean fuaim.

Bateman, M (2003)

"Cruth na Tìre ann am Bàrdachd Ghàidhlig an 18mh Linn" ann an Cruth na Tìre, dd. 75-76, 79-80

Cruth na Tìre

Chunnacas "Cumha Coire a' Cheathaich" le neach-deasachaidh Dhonnchaidh Bhàin, Aonghas MacLeòid, mar aoir air "Òran Coire a' Cheathaich" far a bheil am moladh ga chur bun os cionn, ach saoilidh mi gu bheil barrachd an seo is gnàthas bàrdachd. Saoilidh mi gu robh tuigse aig Donnchadh bàn air an rud ris an can sinn an-diugh eag-eòlas (ecology). Rinn e an ceangal eadar an coire a bhith gun duine aig a bheil cas dheth agus sgrios na h-àrainneachd do bheathaichean agus do dhaoine:

  • 'Se 'n coire chaidh an dèislaimh,
  • On tha e a-nis gun fhèidh ann,
  • Gun duine aig a bheil spèis diubh
  • Nì feum air an cùl.

Tha an aon phuing ga dhèanamh aige ann an "Cead Deireannach nam Beann" agus "Oran nam Balgairean". Tha na caoraich air àiteachas na Gàidhealtachd a mhilleadh is na fuadaichean adhbharachadh. 'S e an cultar cho mat ris na daoine a tha am bàrd a' caoidh, agus 's e "mì-nàdarrach" am facal a chleachdas e mun Ghàidhealtachd a bhith gun daoine. Mar sin, tha "nàdar" a' ciallachadh dhàsan, agus dhan tradisean bhon tàinig e, am fearann, agus na lusan, na beathaichean, na daoine agus an cultar aca air fad.

Gillies, W. (1977)

"The Poem in Praise of Ben Dobhrainn", Lines Review, 63, t.d. 63

The older anthologies and handbooks of Gaelic literature praised Duncan ban's fluency, copiousness, mellifluousness or the like; more modern critics have found robustness, vigour, rhythmic vitality to commend; both sorts tend to heap praise on the verbal and musical accomplishment, but tend to be reticent or even dismissive about the mind that conceived and produced "Moladh Beinn Dobhrain". They decry what they term a lack of mental effort, an absence of philosophy or of the sense of crisis which might (as it were) have forced great verse out of him; and there is a tendency to regard his longer poems merely as tours de force. I feel myself that this approach is misguided: partly, no doubt, it is a case of hyper-literates over-estimating the remarkableness of linguistic virtuosity in an illiterate; but it also involves an under-estimate of the amount of effort and muscle in "Moladh Beinn Dobhrain." (Similarly I object to the judgement sometimes made that Duncan Ban's mental powers were second-rate, in that it fails him on tests he was never trained to take...) In general I believe that one can with profit pitch one's critical tent far nearer to "Misty Corrie" than the appraisals I have most recently read contrive to do...

Macintyre, D. (1952)

The Songs of Duncan Ban Macintyre, dd. xxxviii – xl

Òrain Dhonnchaidh Bhàin

Macintyre was known, not without reason, as Donnchadh bàn nan òran – a maker of songs to sing. His poems were composed in general to tunes known to the poet; his language was the speech of the people; his style was simple and direct, and his verse singable. So did Burns compose or rewrite songs to old tunes, not necessarily great poetry set to great music. Macintyre's songs, once they are heard sung to their special air, lose part of their appeal when recited. But all his poetry does not depend on a tune for its effect; his art can set the verse swaying to its own inherent music.

...

He seems sometimes to be carried away on the stream of his copious vocabulary. The stream purls and wimples softly, sometimes chatters, and not infrequently cascades melodiously. And yet we are not satisfied, haunting though the word music may be. The poet himself does not emerge from the mass of his work with any system of philosophy; he can describe objectively with all the precision of Celtic ornamentation; but he does not play with ideas, nor do we find evidence of "capacity for pain" in any of his composition. Hence, if in poetry we require sublimity of thought, a philosophy of life or compelling emotion ,we shall find Duncan Macintyre wanting. If we look for a revolutionary, a zealot or a visionary, we shall be disappointed in the bard of Glen Orchy.

We must accept him as he was – a peasant who could not read but had a wonderful memory and a wide knowledge of Gaelic poetry; a poet who could compose readily about people and places and objects; one whose thought was not deep but who rose to great heights in descriptive composition. No other Gaelic poet has so many editions published, and he is certainly the best known of the eighteenth-century group.

Smith, I. C. (1986)

"Duncan Ban Macintyre (Written on the 250th of his birth) ann an Towards the Human, dd. 133-135

Towards the Human

It is clear that the poet was not a sophisticated political analyst, and that he was in no sense an intellectual. He lacks utterly the fierce strength of Alexander MacDonald's mind (that surrealistic darkness which for instance created the fantastic storm in the "Birlinn"), the resonance of William Ross, the incisive natural intelligence and biting wit of Rob Donn.

Why, therefore, is he remembered? Quite simply because as a nature poet he is unmatchable. It must have happened that when he was gamekeeper the circumstances for producing great nature poetry were ideal, without a shadow and without grief. Once or twice we see this happening to poets: this exact moment made Macintyre a genius. Never again, of course, would he ever recapture that extraordinary magic, in no other place would he look and see with such apparently effortless intensity, in no other poetry of his would music and observation be so fruitfully married.

...

It is clear why Macintyre is regarded as a great Gaelic poet. Nowhere else in Scottish poetry do we have a poem of such sunniness and grace and exactitude maintained for such a length, with such a wealth of varied music and teeming richness of language (as in Beinn Dorain). The whole poem has about it the authentic feel of authoritative genius. The devoted obsession, the richly concentrated gaze, the loving scrutiny, undiverted by philosophical analysis, has created a particular world, joyously exhausting area after area as the Celtic months exhausted page after page of the Book of Kells, And indeed it is that splendid word "illumination" we should be using about this poem.

Thomson, D. S. (1974)

An Introduction to Gaelic Poetry, dd. 181, 186

An Introduction to Gaelic Poetry

The poetic gift which Donnchadh Bàn was perhaps best endowed with was that of observation. His observation was not confined to one field, but there is no doubt that it was in the deer-forest, in those varied hills and mountains of the Perthshire-Argyllshire border, that it was exercised most lovingly. The highly factual nature of much of the description need not entirely obscure the emotion that underlies it, but perhaps it is when we contrast the poetry of his rural period with that of the later years that we realize most clearly that he needed this physical background of nature to sustain his poetry. There might well be other, more prosaic explanations of the change of tone and talent, but this one is also supported by those few poem of his later period in which he returns, in person or in imagination, to the scenes of his youth. And above all his eye and his imagination open when he is within sight of the deer. There is not a hint of sentimentality in his attitude: he describes in an equally loving way the antics of the hind or the fawn, and the process of stalking or taking aim at or shooting the stag. Nor is there any attempt to philosophize. He does not question the workings of nature, nor attempt to draw from them lessons for Man. There is no overt intellectual curiosity displayed at all. The close and detailed observation implies a strong and effective concentration, evidenced again in the transfer of that observation to verse that is tightly constructed metrically. But it may leave us with the impression of an artefact to be admired for the moment, rather than a work of art whose reverberations are unpredictable.

Teacsa

A' toirt sealladh air cliù Dhonnchaidh

Tha mise smaoineachadh gu bheil cliù cho mòr aig Donnchadh Bàn an-diugh, am measg Ghàidheil agus Ghall, 's a bh' aige riamh on t-àm a bha e na dhuine òg.

Nuair a thòisich daoine air na h-òrain aig Donnchadh Bàn a thionndadh gu Beurla, thòisich an uair sin daoine aig nach robh Gàidhlig, agus daoine aig nach robh 's dòcha ceangal mòr sam bith ris a' Ghàidhealtachd, air cliù Dhonnchaidh a chuir an-àirde.

Agus tha aona fhacal no dhà againn bhon an ochdamh ceud deug fhèin, leis a' mhinistear, Maighstir Dòmhnall MacNeacail a sgrìobh na h-òrain do Dhonnchadh. Aig an àm mu bheil e a' bruidhinn, am ministear a tha seo, thòisich na daoine ann an Dùn Èideann a bha cho ainmeil air feadh na Roinn Eòrpa, ris an cante Na Literati. 'S e aon duine dhiubh aig an robh Gàidhlig, Adhamh MacFhearghais, no Fearghasdan, à Siorrachd Pheairt. 'S ann às a' Làgan, Làgan Ràit ann an Siorrachd Pheairt a bha e, 's bha e a' fuireach ann an Dùn Èideann.

Bha daoine eile ann mar a bha John Hume, 's e ministearan a bh' as an dithis aca, am Fearghasdanach agus John Hume a bha seo, 's bha 'ad as a' cholaiste ann an Cill Rìmhinn còmhla. 'S nuair a thàinig bàrdachd Ossian, mar a chuir Seumas MacMhuirich ann am Beurla i, agus chan e eadar-theangachadh a bh' ann ach leudachadh mòr ann an stoidhl' diofraichte uile gu lèir, thòisich an uair sin muinntir, Na Literati a bha seo, thòisich iad a' cumail a-mach gur e 'epic' a bha seo. Chan eil ann ach duain fa-leth, duain is dàin ris an cante na duain a rinn Ossian Mhic Fhìon, Mhic Cumhail. Agus tha sgoilear no dhà air a ràdh nach eil seo iongantach, gu robh iad a' feuchainn ri moladh mòr a thoirt do dh'obair Ossian, mar a chante rithe, an àite dhol gu Donnchadh Bàn a bha nam measg a' fuireach ann an Dùn Èideann. 'S tha 'm ministear, Maighstir Dòmhnall MacNeacail, ag ràdh, "Och cha robh ann-san, ged-tà, ach bàrd beag," mar gum biodh dìreach fear de mhuinntir na tuathadh.

Aig an àm sin, bha Alba air a pàrlamaid a chàll, agus bha daoine mar a bha Na Literati, agus daoine eile cuideachd, bha 'ad a' caoidh gun do chaill Alba a saorsa, 's bha' d ag iarraidh a shealltainn gu robh Alba a cheart cho math, cho uasal, 's cho cumhachdach ri Sasainn, agus a cheart cho cumhachdach ris a Fhraing, no Ghearmailt no 'n Eadailt.

Ach dh'fheumadh an stuth ann an òrain no ann am bàrdachd, dh'fheumadh e bhith anabarrach seann. Bha bàrdachd Ossian a rèir coltais seann. Dh'fheumadh e a bhith na dhàn mòr mar a bha an Iliad 's an Odyssey aig Homer, agus nuair a fhuair daoine a-mach anns an t-siathamh ceud deug, mar an Odyssey 's an Iliad, nuair a fhuair iad a-mach ceart mun deidhinn, nuair a thàinig a' Ghreugais am follais air taobh siar na Roinn Eòrpa, dh'fheumadh a h-uile rìoghachd, a h-uile dùthaich as an Roinn Eòrpa, dh'fheumadh 'ad 'epic' a bhith aca, agus chan eil 'epic' anns an t-seagh – dàn mòr de mhìltean sreath – cha robh sin aig na Gàidheil ann. Ach bhathar a' smaoineachadh gu robh agus bhathar mar gum biodh an co-bhuinn ris a' sin, a' cuir òrain, no dàin ghoirid, a suarachas, agus cha robh ann an Donnchadh Bàn aig an àm sin nan sùilean-san ach bàrd beag.

Ach cuimhnich, Dòmhnall MacNeacail, am ministear seo, 's e Gàidheal a bh' ann, bha Gàidhlig aige a-riamh bho bha e na leanab,h agus tha mi smaoineachadh gu bheil seo a' sealltainn nach robh meas aig na Gàidheil as a chumantas air leithid Dhonnchaidh idir. Ach an uair sin, 's cha b' ann a-mhàin a chionn 's gun tàining an leabhar aige a-mach, ach na fuinn a th' air na h-òrain, agus bha daoine ann ri a linn fhèin, 's dòcha gu sònraichte ann an Earra Ghàidheal, aig an robh mòran, mòran dhe na h-òrain aig Donnchadh Bàn.

Agus bha meas air mar dhuine cuideachd. Bha e cho aoidheil, bha e cho laghach, bha e cho socair na nàdar, an taca ri can Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair, agus bhiodh cliù aige ann an iomadach taigh-cèilidh. Ach 's dòcha air feadh Alba, cha robh.

Chuir Iain Crichton Smith a-mach, Iain Mac a' Ghobhainn, eadar-theangachadh do Bheinn Dòbhrain a-mach ann am Beurla, agus tha iomadach duine a chanadh cha d'fhiach e an taca ris a' Ghàidhlig, ach aig a' cheart àm, bha Iain fhèin ag ràdh, agus tha e agamsa ann an litir a chuir e thugam, gu robh e smaoineachadh gur e Moladh Beinn Dòbhrain aonan dhe na mìorbhailtean mòra ann an dùthchas nan Gàidheal, ann am bàrdachd nan Gàidheal. 'S mar sin, tha e gu math doirbh a ràdh, ach tha cliù Dhonnchaidh a cheart cho àrd an-diugh 's a bha e a-riamh, 's dòcha ann an seagh nas àirde.

Air adhart gu

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