1. Here is a list of the patterns which are the focus of this unit:

I've got a car. - Have I got a car? - I haven't got a car.

Mae car gyda fi - Oes car gyda fi? - Does dim car gyda fi
Mae car gyda ti - Oes car gyda ti? - Does dim car gyda ti
Mae car gyda fe - Oes car gyda fe? - Does dim car gyda fe
Mae car gyda hi - Oes car gyda hi? - Does dim car gyda hi
Mae car gyda ni - Oes car gyda ni? - Does dim car gyda ni
Mae car gyda chi - Oes car gyda chi? - Does dim car gyda chi
Mae car gyda nhw Oes car gyda nhw? - Does dim car gyda nhw

The answer to a question beginning with Oes... is either Oes, or Nac oes.

2. This pattern is rather different in North Wales. Check out the different dialect version on the website.

3. Why does one person say 'bag coch' in one scene, and later on someone says 'het goch'? What's the difference?

Well, first of all, adjectives come after the noun they describe. So 'bag coch' is literally 'bag red'. However, if the noun is feminine, like 'het', the adjective which comes after has a soft mutation. Therefore 'het goch'. Here are a few more examples:

Dyn tal - Merch dal - (t changes to d)
Man tall - Girl tall
i.e. a tall man - A tall girl

Crys glas - Ffrog las - (g disappears)
shirt blue - Frock blue
i.e. a blue shirt - a blue frock

4. The same thing happens after 'un'. One + feminine noun, then there's a letter change on the noun. For example:
Un mab (masculine, so no change) - Un ferch (m changes to f)

5. However, after the word for two, then the noun changes regardless of whether it's feminine or not. Remember the different ways of saying two, three and four? Here's a list of possible combinations of sons and daughters:

un mab - un ferch
dau fab - dwy ferch
tri mab - tair merch
pedwar mab - pedair merch

Don't worry if you can't remember all these rules for now. Learn from examples, and you'll be doing it instinctively!