Felipe Contepomi tried to open the Pumas' account in the third minute but his attempt at a drop goal went just wide of the upright.
Soon after, a drive by the Argentine forwards almost resulted in a try but the visitors were held up just short of the Irish line.
The Argentina pack continued to dominate but Ireland secured a crucial turnover deep inside their own half and after making good ground were awarded a 13th-minute penalty which Sexton kicked over to make it 3-0.
Ferris scored the second try of his Ireland career to extend the home side's lead in the 20th minute.
Tommy Bowe fed Jamie Heaslip and the big Leinster number eight raced through a gap in the Argentine defence before passing to back-row colleague Ferris who dived over in the corner, Sexton converting.
Rodrigo Roncero can only watch as Andrew Trimble makes a break for Ireland
Contepomi squandered a relatively straightforward attempt to reduce his side's deficit when he skewed a penalty wide of the posts.
Five minutes later Sexton was successful with his first penalty effort from in front of the posts after Argentina were penalised for offside.
Contepomi replied with a close-range penalty when Donncha O'Callaghan was pulled up for offside but Sexton restored Ireland's 13-point advantage with his third penalty.
Fly-half Contepomi was off-target with another penalty effort but his Irish counterpart Sexton made no mistake with his kick in the final minute of the half to make it 19-3 at the interval.
D'Arcy try seals Ireland victory
The Argentine captain missed with a penalty seven minutes after the break but made no mistake with his next attempt, knocking the ball between the posts in the 58th minute for the first points of a lacklustre second half.
Sexton maintained his 100 per cent record with the boot by landing his fifth penalty from long range and Contepomi replied with a penalty for Argentina who never looked likely to make serious inroads into Ireland's lead.
In the final minute of the game replacement Keith Earls appeared to have won the race to ground the ball after a through ball by Ronan O'Gara but the Televison Match Official ruled that that Earls had knocked on.
Gordon D'Arcy ensured that Ireland ended their year on a high by chipping the ball over the Argentine defence and touching down for a late try in added time.
Ireland: G Murphy; T Bowe, B O'Driscoll (capt), G D'Arcy, A Trimble; J Sexton, P Stringer; C Healy, S Cronin, T Buckley, D O'Callaghan, M O'Driscoll, S Ferris, D Wallace, J Heaslip.
Replacements: D Varley, T Court, D Toner, D Leamy, E Reddan, R O'Gara, K Earls.
Argentina: M Rodriguez; H Agulla, G Tiesi, M Bosch, L Gonzalez Amorosino; F Contepomi (capt), N Vergallo; R Roncero, M Ledesma, M Scelzo; M Galarza, P Albacete; G Fessia, J Farias Cabello, J Fernandez Lobbe.
Replacements: A Creevy, M Ayerza, J Figallo, S Guzman, A Galindo, A Lalanne, L Borges
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