Menya amahitamo agoye ari imbere ya ANC azagena ejo hazaza h'Afurika y'Epfo

Ishyaka ANC (African National Congress) riri ku butegetsi muri Afurika y'Epfo rifite amahitamo agoye imbere yaryo azagena ejo hazaza h'iki gihugu, nyuma yuko mu buryo butangaje ritakaje ubwiganze bwaryo mu nteko ishingamategeko mu matora yabaye mu cyumweru gishize.

Mu gihe yabonye gusa amajwi 40%, ANC icyeneye kubona irindi shyaka riyibera umufatanyabikorwa mu ihuriro kugira ngo igire ubwiganze mu nteko ishingamategeko, izashyigikira amahitamo yayo ya perezida – keretse ANC nihitamo kuba yonyine hakajyaho leta idafitemo ubwiganze.

Amahitamo amwe mu yandi ashoboka ni ukugirana amasezerano n'ishyaka rya kabiri rinini ry'ibitekerezo biri hagati na hagati rya DA (Democratic Alliance), ryabonye amajwi 22%.

Ariko ibi byaba birimo ibyago mu rwego rwa politiki, kuko abanenga DA bayishinja kugerageza kurengera itoneshwa mu bukungu rya ba nyamucye b'abazungu bo muri iki gihugu ryo mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bw'ivanguramoko bwa apartheid – ikirego iri shyaka rihakana.

Ikindi gishoboka, ANC ishobora gukorana n'amashyaka abiri y'ibitekerezo by'ubuhezanguni yavutse aryitandukanyijeho – ishyaka MK (uMkhonto weSizwe) ry'uwahoze ari Perezida Jacob Zuma cyangwa ishyaka EFF (Economic Freedom Fighters) rya Julius Malema.

Aya mashyaka atatu – ANC, MK na EFF – asangiye abayoboke, ba nyamwinshi b'abirabura, ndetse ukusanyije amajwi yayo yose ni 65%. Malema yaburiye ANC kudakora ihuriro "ryakongerera imbaraga kumva ko abazungu barenze ubundi bwoko" ndetse ANC ikirinda kuba "igikoresho cya gahunda ya ba gashakabuhake b'abazungu".

Ibi bigaragara neza ko yakomozaga ku kujya mu ihuriro n'ishyaka rya DA, rifite gahunda (politiki) zitandukanye cyane n'iza ANC, ariko aya mashyaka yombi yemeranya ku kubahiriza itegekonshinga Afurika y'Epfo yashyizeho mu 1994 nyuma yuko ubutegetsi bw'ivanguramoko bwa ba nyamucye b'abazungu bwa apartheid burangiye.

Perezida Cyril Ramaphosa yasobanuye neza ko amasezerano ayo ari yo yose ajyanye n'ihuriro agomba kuba ari mu murongo w'ibikubiye mu itegekonshinga ririho ubu.

Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye ku kugera ku masezerano ni ukuntu DA irwanya cyane umuhate wa ANC wo kubaka leta irimo inzego ziha rubanda serivisi z'ibanze mu buzima – cyane cyane gahunda iterwa inkunga na leta y'ubwisungane mu kwivuza (mutuelle santé). DA yo ntiyemera, ivuga ko itwara amafaranga menshi cyane kandi ko iteje inkeke kuri ejo hazaza h'abikorera bo mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi.

DA yemera gahunda y'isoko ryisanzuye (aho ibiciro bigenwa n'ihatana mu bwisanzure ry'abikorera, ubundi umuguzi akagurira uwo ashaka), irwanya kubaho kw'umushahara-fatizo, ndetse irashaka kugabanya ikurikizwa ry'amategeko y'umurengera mu kazi adindiza imikorere. Ivuga ko ubu ari bwo buryo bwiza cyane bwo kuvugurura ubukungu no kuzamura urwego rw'imibereho ku Banyafurika y'Epfo bose.

Bitandukanye cyane na gahunda z'ubukungu za ANC zo kongerera ubushobozi abirabura, DA ibona ko zikorera ivangura amoko ya ba nyamucye, mu gihe izo gahunda ivuga ko nta kindi zikora kitari ugutuma habaho kwigwizaho ubukungu kw'abatoni mu bucuruzi ba ANC.

ANC ihakana ibyo birego, ndetse yakomeje gukurikiza izo gahunda ishikamye. Ivuga ko ziha abirabura uruhare mu bukungu bari barakumiriwemo mu gihe cya apartheid.

Umukuru wa ANC Gwede Mantashe we yagiye kure mu mvugo, avuga ko gahunda za ANC zo kongerera ubushobozi abirabura nta kuziganiraho (ni ntakuka), yumvikanisha ko adakozwa ibyo kujya mu ihuriro na DA.

Ariko ibitangazamakuru byo muri Afurika y'Epfo bivuga ko Perezida Ramaphosa afite ubushake bwo kujya mu ihuriro na DA. Yemera ko ibyo badahuza mu igenamigambi bashobora kubirenga.

Andi mahitamo yashoboka kuri ANC, ni ukujya mu ihuriro n'ishyaka MK, ryatsinze cyane mu matora, rikabona amajwi 15% mu matora ya mbere ryari ryitabiriye. Zuma yarishinze mu Kuboza (12) mu 2023.

Ariko ririmo rirasaba ko amatora akorwa bundi bushya, rivuga ko ryabonye amajwi menshi cyane arenze ayo ngayo ariko ko amajwi ya nyuma yatangajwe yabayemo uburiganya. Akanama k'amatora kahakanye icyo kirego, ndetse MK nta gihamya n'imwe yari yatanga y'ibyo ivuga.

Imanga hagati ya MK na ANC ni nini, ni nini cyane kurusha iri hagati yayo n'irindi shyaka iryo ari ryo ryose, ku ruhande rumwe kubera urwango hagati ya Zuma na Ramaphosa, wagize uruhare mu kumweguza ku butegetsi.

Hamwe no gusaba ko hajyaho Perezida mushya, MK irashaka ko itegekonshinga ritaburwa (gutabura) kugira ngo Afurika y'Epfo ihinduke igihugu kigendera kuri "demokarasi ishingiye ku nteko ishingamategeko mu buryo bwuzuye" – ikintu ANC itemera.

Urebeye inyuma, ibyo binakura EFF mu mashyaka ANC yakorana ihuriro na yo, kuko EFF na yo isaba ko itegekonshinga rivugururwa kugira ngo ubutaka bufitwe n'abazungu bushobore kwisubizwa na leta nta ngurane.

Malema, wahoze ari umukuru w'urubyiruko rwa ANC akaza kwirukanwa muri ANC mu 2012 kubera guteza amacakubiri no gusuzuguza ishyaka, yavuze ko EFF ifite ubushake bwo gukorana na ANC muri leta y'ihuriro. Ariko EFF ivuga ko kwisubiza ubutaka bw'abazungu ari "ihame ry'ingenzi cyane", ndetse ivuga ko itajya muri leta niba ANC yanze iryo hame.

Amashyaka ANC na EFF yombi afite imyanya (abadepite) 198 mu nteko ishingamategeko – itageze ku myanya 201 icyenewe kugira ngo agire ubwiganze mu nteko ishingamategeko (ifite imyanya 400 yose hamwe), rero byasaba ko irindi shyaka rito cyane rizanwa mu ihuriro.

Cyangwa ayo mashyaka yombi akifatanya n'ishyaka MK rya Zuma, na ryo rishyigikiye kwisubiza ubutaka bw'abazungu, ndetse rivuga ko hacyenewe ko ubutaka bwo guhinga no kororeraho busaranganywa "mu buryo bungana mu baturage b'abahinzi-borozi".

Ariko kugira ngo itegekonshinga rihindurwe, hacyenewe ubwiganze bwa bibiri bya gatatu (2/3) kandi nanone ANC, EFF na MK yose hamwe ntagejeje ku myanya 267 icyenewe – ayo mashyaka yose hamwe afite imyanya 256.

Nubwo ANC idashyigikiye ivugururwa ry'itegekonshinga, yemera ko uburyo ubutaka butunzwemo muri iki gihe bukwiye gukorwaho.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye n'ikinyamakuru Sunday Times cyo muri Afurika y'Epfo, uwahoze ari Perezida w'Afurika y'Epfo Kgalema Motlanthe, inshuti ikomeye ya Ramaphosa, yavuze ko "ikibazo cy'ubutaka" ari "isoko y'ukwitotomba mu gihugu".

Amagambo ye yumvikanisha ko hashobora kuba habaho amasezerano hagati ya ANC na EFF, ndetse wenda na MK, kuri icyo kibazo.

Ishyaka DA ryamagana rishimitse amasezerano hagati y'abo bacyeba batatu, rivuga ko yatuma habaho "Ihuriro ry'Imperuka" ryatuma Afurika y'Epfo ihinduka "Zimbabwe cyangwa Venezuela".

Ishyaka DA rigira riti: "Ihuriro ry'Imperuka rizashora iki gihugu mu ntambara y'amoko kitigeze na rimwe kibona mbere."

Ariko bamwe mu bategetsi ba ANC bo si ko babibona – babona ko ituze mu gihugu ryaba rishyizwe ku nkeke (mu kaga) mu gihe MK yaba ihejwe, kubera ukuntu yitwaye neza mu matora, byatumye iba ishyaka rya mbere rinini cyane mu ntara Zuma avukamo ya KwaZulu-Natal.

KwaZulu-Natal ni yo ntara ya kabiri ituwe n'abaturage benshi muri Afurika y'Epfo, ndetse akenshi igereranywa n'imitsi y'imijyana y'ubukungu bw'iki gihugu kubera ibyambu (ibivuko mu Kirundi) byayo.

Ndetse no muri politiki ni yo ntara aho ibintu biba bishobora guhinduka igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Iyo ntara ifite amateka y'urugomo – abantu barenga 300 bapfiriye mu mvururu nyuma yuko Zuma afunzwe mu 2021.

Yahamwe no gusuzugura urukiko bivuye ku kuba yaranze kubahiriza itegeko rimusaba gukorana n'iperereza kuri ruswa yo mu gihe cy'imyaka icyenda yamaze ari Perezida, ubutegetsi bwe bwarangiye mu 2018.

Abayoboke ba ANC bo mu ntara ya KwaZulu-Natal bavuga ko mu gihe urundi rubanza rwe rwimirije – Zuma yitezwe kuburanishwa mu mwaka utaha ku birego bya ruswa bijyanye n'amasezerano ku ntwaro yo mu mwaka wa 1999 – hari ibyago bya nyabyo ko hashobora kwaduka urundi rugomo.

Ku bw'ibyo rero bumva ko hakwiye kubaho amasezerano runaka na we mu rwego rwo kurenga ibyahise, no kwemera umwanya we nk'uwahoze ari Perezida – cyane cyane ko yagaragaje ko mu gihugu ashyigikiwe n'amajwi 15%.

Abategetsi ba ANC bo muri Gauteng – intara ya mbere mu bunini no mu bukire muri iki gihugu – bivugwa ko bashyigikiye kugirana amasezerano na EFF, ariko kugira ijambo kwabo kwaciwe intege cyane no kuba aya mashyaka yombi adafite imyanya ihagije yatuma agira ubwiganze mu nteko ishingamategeko.

Ibyo byongera ko bishoboka ko habaho ihuriro rya ANC na DA, cyane cyane ko DA ikunzwe n'abikorera, nk'amahitamo meza yatuma hizerwa ko ubukungu butahungabana no kwirinda ko abaherwe bajyana imari hanze.

Ariko urubuga rw'amakuru News24 rwubashywe muri Afurika y'Epfo rutangaza ko ANC irimo kwiga ku mahitamo yo gushyiraho leta ANC idafitemo ubwiganze, ANC ikagirana amasezerano ku ruhande na DA na IFP (Inkatha Freedom Party) – ishyaka ryiganjemo abirabura rifite abarishyigikiye muri KwaZulu-Natal, rifite imyaka 17 – yo gushyigikira ANC mu gihe habayeho amatora mu nteko ishingamategeko.

Ayo mashyaka uko ari abiri yajya atora ashyigikira ANC ku ngingo z'ingenzi cyane nk'ingengo y'imari. ANC byasiyaba guhora buri gihe iyaguyaguya – cyangwa andi mashyaka – ngo ayishyigikire ku yandi mategeko.

Ibi bishobora gufasha ANC kwikura mu kibazo cy'amahitamo agoye yo kubona uwo bakorana ihuriro, ndetse bishobora no kuba byiza kuri DA, kuko kuba mu ihuriro na ANC bishobora gutuma DA itakaza bamwe mu bayishyigikiye.

Ariko hari ibyago ko leta ANC idafitemo ubwiganze ishobora gutuma habaho ihungabana muri politiki na "politiki yo guciririkanya nko mu bucuruzi" – abadepite batavuga rumwe na leta bagasaba cyangwa bagahabwa ruswa kugira ngo bashyigikire amategeko ANC yaba izanye mu nteko ishingamategeko.

Haracyari kare cyane kumenya uko bizagenda. Amashyaka yose aracyarimo kwiga ku mahitamo yayo, ariko Abanyafurika y'Epfo benshi bizeye ko igihe inteko ishingamategeko izaba iteranye, mu byumweru bibiri biri imbere, hazaba hariho nibura incamake y'amasezerano y'ukuntu leta itaha izaba imeze.