Council tax in Bristol could rise by up to £150 unless people recycle more of their household waste.
Bristol City Council says three and a half thousand tonnes of waste is created in the city every week because two thirds of residents do not recycle.
And it warns it could be charged £20m a year in landfill taxes if that amount is not cut - fees which would be passed on to council tax payers.
In future every home will only be allowed to fill one wheelie bin a week.
The council is also considering plans to send an adviser to homes to encourage people to do more to recycle, and the possibility of fining people who refuse to.